Add some basic benchmarks for tracking potential performance improvements/regressions

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2022-06-01 21:51:57 +09:30
parent a8d4c7bea4
commit 64e22e7728
102 changed files with 57588 additions and 2 deletions

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Charles Drummond</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian financial trader and author</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British trade union leader, see <a href="/wiki/C._J._Drummond" title="C. J. Drummond">C. J. Drummond</a>.</div>
<p><b>Charles Drummond</b> (born 1936), is a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Securities_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities trading">securities trader</a>, market technician, <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educator" class="mw-redirect" title="Educator">educator</a>, speaker and technical analyst. Drummond developed and popularized the "<a href="/wiki/Points_and_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Points and lines">Point and Line</a>" method of <a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">technical analysis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> also known as "P&amp;L Charting" and <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Drummond Geometry">Drummond Geometry</a>. His methods are in use today among technical analysts and traders.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> In recent years his work has also been noted by Forex Traders.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> Drummond is the author of nine books<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> and a website.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Published_works"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Published works</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drummond&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Raised in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Drummondtraded in the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto exchange">Toronto futures exchanges</a> in the 1970s and 1980s as he developed his theories. In the late 1980s he relocated to <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> where he maintained an <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic farm</a> and wrote many of his works on <a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">technical analysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Published_works">Published works</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drummond&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Published works">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>"Energy Patterns" By Charles Drummond 2015, Stocks &amp; Commodities Magazine Featured Article. 5 pages.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><i>How to Make Money in the Futures Market…and lots of it!</i> By Charles Drummond. 1978, 575 Pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (<a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>).</li>
<li><i>Charles Drummond on Advanced P&amp;L</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1980, 547 pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>The P&amp;L Labs</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1981, 260 pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>The 1-1 Paper</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1985, 277 pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>The Energy Paper</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1991, 18 pages, Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>P&amp;L Accumulation/Distribution: Knowing When to Trade</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1993, 185 pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>Knowing Where the Energy is Coming From</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1995, 190 pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>Pattern Picking</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1996, 22 pages. Drummond Publications.</li>
<li><i>Predicting Next Week's Range (&amp; understanding how the daily plays it out)</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1996, 62 pages.</li>
<li><i>Psycho Paper '96: P&amp;L's Connection with Awareness</i>, by Charles Drummond. 1996, 160 pages. Hearne Associates/Drummond Publications (Chicago).</li>
<li><i>The Lessons</i>, by Charles Drummond and Ted Hearne, 1997-2001.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drummond&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Douglas, "Trading in the Zone", New York 2000, p. 96.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Picking off Significant Market Turning Points ", by Ted Hearne, ChartPoint Magazine (Singapore) April 2002</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Geometria Drummonda, Wyprzedzic' Tlum", Parketiet Gazeta Gieldy Profesjonalny Inwestor, Warszawa, (Pazdziernik '99) pp. 8-9. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:1231-2207">1231-2207</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Keller, "Breakthroughs in Technical Analysis: New Thinking from the World's Top Minds", New York, 2007, Bloomberg Press, pp. 1-19.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Trading Exhausts" by Ted Hearne, Futures Magazine (September 1999, pp. 44-47 )</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDrummond" class="citation book cs1">Drummond, Charles [from old catalogue]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lzo2yQEACAAJ&amp;q=Charles+Drummond"><i>Charles Drummond's Household Almanac and Year-book of Useful Knowledge for 1857, Etc</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Charles+Drummond%27s+Household+Almanac+and+Year-book+of+Useful+Knowledge+for+1857%2C+Etc&amp;rft.aulast=Drummond&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+%5Bfrom+old+catalogue%5D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLzo2yQEACAAJ%26q%3DCharles%2BDrummond&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Drummond" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422111344/https://www.drummondenergybands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/STOCKSCOMMNOV2015.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drummondenergybands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/STOCKSCOMMNOV2015.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Archived+copy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drummondenergybands.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F09%2FSTOCKSCOMMNOV2015.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Drummond" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drummondgeometry.com/">Official site</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Toyota UZ engine</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle engine</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:4px; text-align:center; font-size:1.35em">Toyota UZ Engine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG" class="image"><img alt="Toyota 3UZ-FE engine 001.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG/280px-Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG/420px-Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG/560px-Toyota_3UZ-FE_engine_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="680" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 95%;">3UZ-FE engine</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Motor Corporation">Toyota Motor Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">19892013</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Layout</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90° <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Valvetrain" title="Valvetrain">Valvetrain</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOHC">DOHC</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-valve#Four_valves" title="Multi-valve">4 valves x cyl.</a> w/<a href="/wiki/VVT-i" title="VVT-i">VVT-i</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Combustion</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">Fuel</a> system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multi-point_fuel_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-point fuel injection">Multi-point fuel injection</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fuel type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Engine cooling">Cooling system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">Water cooled</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Output</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">Power output</a></th><td class="infobox-data">191373&#160;kW (256500&#160;hp; 260507&#160;PS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">Torque output</a></th><td class="infobox-data">353441&#160;N⋅m (260325&#160;lb⋅ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toyota_V_engine" title="Toyota V engine">Toyota V engine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toyota_UR_engine" title="Toyota UR engine">Toyota UR engine</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> UZ engine family</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a><sup id="cite_ref-WikiMotors_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WikiMotors-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> fueled <a href="/wiki/Multi-valve#Four_valves" title="Multi-valve">32-valve</a> <a href="/wiki/DOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOHC">quad-camshaft</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engine</a> series used in Toyota's luxury offerings and <a href="/wiki/SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="SUV">sport utility vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Three variants have been produced: the 1UZ-FE, 2UZ-FE, and 3UZ-FE. Production spanned 24 years, from 1989 to mid 2013, ending with the final production of the 3UZ-FE-powered Toyota Crown Majesta I-FOUR.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Toyota's UZ engine family was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_UR_engine" title="Toyota UR engine">UR engine family</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#1UZ-FE"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">1UZ-FE</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#2UZ-FE"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">2UZ-FE</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#3UZ-FE"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">3UZ-FE</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Derivatives"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Derivatives</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#FV2400-2TC"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">FV2400-2TC</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#VT300i"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">VT300i</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="1UZ-FE">1UZ-FE</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: 1UZ-FE">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The 4.0&#160;L; 242.1&#160;cu&#160;in (3,968&#160;cc) all-alloy <b>1UZ-FE</b> debuted in 1989 in the first generation <a href="/wiki/Lexus_LS" title="Lexus LS">Lexus LS 400</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toyota_Celsior" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Celsior">Toyota Celsior</a> and the engine was progressively released across a number of other models in the Toyota/Lexus range. The engine is <a href="/wiki/Stroke_ratio#Oversquare" title="Stroke ratio">oversquare</a> by design, with a bore and stroke size of 87.5&#160;mm ×&#160;82.5&#160;mm (3.44&#160;in ×&#160;3.25&#160;in).<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> It has proven to be a strong, reliable and smooth powerplant with features such as 6-bolt main bearings and belt-driven quad-camshafts. The water pump is also driven by the cam belt. The <a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">connecting rods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshaft</a> are constructed of steel. The pistons are <a href="/wiki/Hypereutectic_piston" title="Hypereutectic piston">hypereutectic</a>.
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg/220px-1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg/330px-1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg/440px-1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1254" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_Toyota_1UZ-FE_Type_engine_rear.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1UZ-FE (rear view)</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="#FV2400-2TC">FV2400-2TC</a> derivative is one of the few road-going engines that is <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a> approved for use in an airplane.
</p><p>Its resemblance to a race engine platform (6 bolt cross mains and over square configuration) was confirmed in 2007 by David Currier (in an interview with v-eight.com), vice president of TRD USA, stating that the 1UZ platform was based on CART/IRL engine design. It was planned to be used on GT500 vehicles, however its subsequent use in the Daytona Prototype use had not been planned.
</p><p>In its standard, original trim with 10.0:1 compression, power output is 191&#160;kW (256&#160;hp; 260&#160;PS), torque of 353&#160;N⋅m (260&#160;lb⋅ft).<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The engine was slightly revised in 1995 with lighter connecting rods and pistons and an increased compression ratio to 10.4:1 resulting in peak power of 195&#160;kW (261&#160;hp; 265&#160;PS) at 5,400&#160;rpm and torque of 365&#160;N⋅m (269&#160;lb⋅ft) at 4,400&#160;rpm.
</p><p>In 1997, Toyota's <a href="/wiki/VVT-i" title="VVT-i">VVT-i variable valve timing technology</a> was introduced along with a further compression ratio increase to 10.5:1,<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> bumping power and torque to 216&#160;kW (290&#160;hp; 294&#160;PS) at 5,900&#160;rpm and 407&#160;N⋅m (300&#160;lb⋅ft) at 4,100&#160;rpm. For the GS400, output was rated at 224&#160;kW (300&#160;hp; 305&#160;PS) at 6,000&#160;rpm and 420&#160;N⋅m (310&#160;lbf⋅ft) at 4,000&#160;rpm.
</p><p>The 1UZ-FE was voted to the <a href="/wiki/Ward%27s_10_Best_Engines" title="Ward&#39;s 10 Best Engines">Ward's 10 Best Engines</a> list for 1998 through 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Applications (calendar years):
</p>
<ul><li>19892000 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_LS" title="Lexus LS">Lexus LS 400/Toyota Celsior</a><sup id="cite_ref-ward-1998-01-01_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward-1998-01-01-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>19892002 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown" title="Toyota Crown">Toyota Crown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown_Majesta" title="Toyota Crown Majesta">Toyota Crown Majesta</a></li>
<li>19892004 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_HiAce#H100" title="Toyota HiAce">Toyota HiAce HiMedic Ambulance</a> (Japan only)</li>
<li>19912000 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_SC" title="Lexus SC">Lexus SC 400</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toyota_Soarer" title="Toyota Soarer">Toyota Soarer</a><sup id="cite_ref-ward-1998-01-01_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward-1998-01-01-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>19922000 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_GS" title="Lexus GS">Lexus GS 400/Toyota Aristo</a><sup id="cite_ref-ward-1998-01-01_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward-1998-01-01-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>19951997 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_MR2#Le_Mans:_SARD_MC8-R" title="Toyota MR2">SARD MC8/MC8-R</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2UZ-FE">2UZ-FE</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: 2UZ-FE">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:V8_2UZ-FE.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/V8_2UZ-FE.jpg/200px-V8_2UZ-FE.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/V8_2UZ-FE.jpg/300px-V8_2UZ-FE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/V8_2UZ-FE.jpg/400px-V8_2UZ-FE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:V8_2UZ-FE.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>2UZ-FE</div></div></div>
<p>The <b>2UZ-FE</b> was a 4.7&#160;L; 284.6&#160;cu&#160;in (4,663&#160;cc) version built in <a href="/wiki/Tahara,_Aichi" title="Tahara, Aichi">Tahara, Aichi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Manufacturing_Alabama" title="Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama">Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama</a>. Unlike its other UZ counterparts, this version uses a cast iron block to increase durability, as it was designed for low-revving, high-torque pickup and SUV applications. Its bore and stroke is 94&#160;mm ×&#160;84&#160;mm (3.70&#160;in ×&#160;3.31&#160;in).<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Output varies by implementation, but one VVT-i variant produces 202&#160;kW (271&#160;hp; 275&#160;PS) at 4800&#160;rpm with 427&#160;N⋅m (315&#160;lb⋅ft) of torque at 3400&#160;rpm. <a href="/wiki/Japanese_domestic_market" title="Japanese domestic market">JDM</a> versions produce 173&#160;kW (232&#160;hp; 235&#160;PS) at 4800&#160;rpm and 422&#160;N⋅m (311&#160;lb⋅ft) at 3600&#160;rpm, while Australian models produce 170&#160;kW (228&#160;hp; 231&#160;PS) at 4800&#160;rpm and 410&#160;N⋅m (302&#160;lbf⋅ft) at 3600&#160;rpm.<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Like the 1UZ-FE, it has aluminum <a href="/wiki/DOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOHC">DOHC</a> cylinder heads, MFI <a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">fuel injection</a>, 4 valves per cylinder with bucket tappets, one-piece cast camshafts, and a cast aluminum intake manifold. For 2010, it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_UR_engine#1UR-FE" title="Toyota UR engine">1UR-FE</a> or <a href="/wiki/Toyota_UR_engine#3UR-FE" title="Toyota UR engine">3UR-FE</a>, depending on the country.
</p><p>Applications (calendar years):<sup id="cite_ref-MSN_Autos_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSN_Autos-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>20022004 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_GX" title="Lexus GX">Lexus GX 470</a></li>
<li>19982005 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_LX" title="Lexus LX">Lexus LX 470</a></li>
<li>19982005 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Toyota Land Cruiser</a></li>
<li>20022004 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_4Runner" title="Toyota 4Runner">Toyota 4Runner</a></li>
<li>19992004 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tundra" title="Toyota Tundra">Toyota Tundra</a></li>
<li>20002004 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Sequoia" title="Toyota Sequoia">Toyota Sequoia</a></li></ul>
<p><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Racing_Development" title="Toyota Racing Development">Toyota Racing Development</a> offered a bolt-on <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Racing_Development#TRD_supercharged_engine_list_.28model_year.29" title="Toyota Racing Development">supercharger kit</a> for the 20002003 Tundra/Sequoia and the 1998-2003 LX 470.
</p><p>Another 2UZ-FE variation adds <a href="/wiki/VVT-i" title="VVT-i">VVT-i</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_throttle_control" title="Electronic throttle control">electronic throttle control</a>.
</p><p>Applications (calendar years):<sup id="cite_ref-MSN_Autos_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSN_Autos-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>20042009 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_GX" title="Lexus GX">Lexus GX 470</a></li>
<li>20052007 <a href="/wiki/Lexus_LX" title="Lexus LX">Lexus LX 470</a></li>
<li>20052009 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_4Runner" title="Toyota 4Runner">Toyota 4Runner</a></li>
<li>20052011 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Toyota Land Cruiser</a></li>
<li>20052009 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tundra" title="Toyota Tundra">Toyota Tundra</a></li>
<li>20042009 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Sequoia" title="Toyota Sequoia">Toyota Sequoia</a></li>
<li>2007-2012 Lexus LX 470 (Hong Kong Only)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="3UZ-FE">3UZ-FE</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: 3UZ-FE">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg/200px-Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg/300px-Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg/400px-Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lexus_3UZ-FE.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>3UZ-FE</div></div></div>
<p>The <b>3UZ-FE</b> is a 4.3&#160;L; 261.9&#160;cu&#160;in (4,292&#160;cc) version built in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Bore and stroke is 91&#160;mm ×&#160;82.5&#160;mm (3.58&#160;in ×&#160;3.25&#160;in)
.<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Output is 216 to 224&#160;kW (290 to 300&#160;hp; 294 to 305&#160;PS) at 5600&#160;rpm with 441&#160;N⋅m (325&#160;lb⋅ft) of torque at 3400&#160;rpm. The engine block and heads are aluminum. It has a <a href="/wiki/DOHC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOHC">DOHC</a> valvetrain with 4 valves per cylinder and <a href="/wiki/VVT-i" title="VVT-i">VVT-i</a>. It uses SEFI <a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">fuel injection</a>. In 2003, the engine was paired with a six-speed automatic transmission, resulting in improved fuel economy over the previous five-speed automatic.<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>A 4.5L version replaced the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_S_engine#3S-GTE" title="Toyota S engine">3S-GTE</a> as the engine used in Toyota's 500&#160;hp (373&#160;kW) <a href="/wiki/Super_GT" title="Super GT">Super GT</a> race cars up to 2009<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and a 5.0L version was used in the Grand American Road Racing (Grand Am) Series.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Applications (calendar years):<sup id="cite_ref-uzguide_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uzguide-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lexus_LS_430" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexus LS 430">Lexus LS 430</a> (2000-2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lexus_GS" title="Lexus GS">Lexus GS 430</a> (2000-2007)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lexus_SC" title="Lexus SC">Lexus SC 430</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toyota_Soarer" title="Toyota Soarer">Toyota Soarer</a> (2001-2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown_Majesta" title="Toyota Crown Majesta">Toyota Crown Majesta</a> (2004-2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown_Majesta#Hongqi_HQ300/HQ430" title="Toyota Crown Majesta">Hongqi HQ430</a> (2006-2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Super_GT" title="Super GT">Super GT</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_GT#GT500" title="Super GT">GT500</a> Race Car</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lexus_SC#Motorsport" title="Lexus SC">Lexus SC 430</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_GT#GT500" title="Super GT">GT500</a> Race Car (2006-2008)</li></ul></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Derivatives">Derivatives</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Derivatives">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="FV2400-2TC">FV2400-2TC</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: FV2400-2TC">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 1997, the US <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> granted production certification for the FV2400-2TC, a <a href="/wiki/Twin-turbo" title="Twin-turbo">twin-turbocharged</a> airplane powerplant based on the 1UZ-FE.<sup id="cite_ref-fv2400_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fv2400-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> The 360&#160;hp (268&#160;kW; 365&#160;PS) FV2400 was developed in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Standard" title="Hamilton Standard">Hamilton Standard</a>, which provided the digital engine-control system.<sup id="cite_ref-fv2400_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fv2400-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> The goal was to produce a four-seat propeller aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="VT300i">VT300i</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: VT300i">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 1998, a marine derivative of the UZ powerplant was produced for boating applications. The 4.0&#160;L VT300i engine, producing 224&#160;kW; 304&#160;PS (300&#160;hp) at 6000&#160;rpm and 420&#160;N⋅m (310&#160;lb⋅ft) at 4200&#160;rpm, used the same block as the UZ engine on the Lexus SC 400, GS 400, and LS 400.
</p><p>Applications (calendar years):
</p>
<ul><li>1998 Toyota Epic S21<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>1999-2001 Toyota Epic S22/SX22<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>1999-2001 Toyota Epic X22<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-WikiMotors-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WikiMotors_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mywikimotors.com/toyota-2uz/">"Toyota Gasoline 2UZ-FE Engine"</a>. WikiMotors<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Toyota+Gasoline+2UZ-FE+Engine&amp;rft.pub=WikiMotors&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmywikimotors.com%2Ftoyota-2uz%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ward-1998-01-01-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ward-1998-01-01_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ward-1998-01-01_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ward-1998-01-01_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFVisnic1998" class="citation news cs1">Visnic, Bill (1998-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041105120817/http://waw.wardsauto.com/ar/auto_toyotalexus_dohc">"Toyota/Lexus 4L DOHC V-8"</a>. <i>Ward's Auto World</i>. US. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waw.wardsauto.com/ar/auto_toyotalexus_dohc">the original</a> on 2004-11-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ward%27s+Auto+World&amp;rft.atitle=Toyota%2FLexus+4L+DOHC+V-8&amp;rft.date=1998-01-01&amp;rft.aulast=Visnic&amp;rft.aufirst=Bill&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaw.wardsauto.com%2Far%2Fauto_toyotalexus_dohc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MSN_Autos-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSN_Autos_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSN_Autos_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217003425/http://autos.msn.com/home/used_research.aspx">"Used Car Information - MSN Autos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://autos.msn.com/home/used_research.aspx">the original</a> on 2008-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Used+Car+Information+-+MSN+Autos&amp;rft.pub=Microsoft&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fautos.msn.com%2Fhome%2Fused_research.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706174540/http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/09/0316.html">"Toyota Outlines Motor Sports Activities for 2009"</a> (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 2009-03-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/306254">the original</a> on 2009-07-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Toyota+Outlines+Motor+Sports+Activities+for+2009&amp;rft.place=Japan&amp;rft.pub=Toyota&amp;rft.date=2009-03-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.toyota.co.jp%2Fen%2Fdetail%2F306254&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPlueddeman1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Plueddeman, Clarles (July 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELrXYnG-reEC&amp;pg=PAPA81">"Rising Fun - Toyota 21: Where does Godzilla go skiing..."</a> <i>Boating</i>. US.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Boating&amp;rft.atitle=Rising+Fun+-+Toyota+21%3A+Where+does+Godzilla+go+skiing...&amp;rft.date=1998-07&amp;rft.aulast=Plueddeman&amp;rft.aufirst=Clarles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DELrXYnG-reEC%26pg%3DPAPA81&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719220843/http://waterskimag.com/ski-boats/2001/06/14/toyota-epic-s22/">"Toyota Epic S22"</a>. <i>Waterski Magazine</i>. US. 2001-06-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterskimag.com/ski-boats/2001/06/14/toyota-epic-s22">the original</a> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Waterski+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Toyota+Epic+S22&amp;rft.date=2001-06-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterskimag.com%2Fski-boats%2F2001%2F06%2F14%2Ftoyota-epic-s22&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323081539/http://waterskimag.com/ski-boats/2001/06/14/toyota-epic-x22/">"Toyota Epic X22"</a>. <i>Waterski Magazine</i>. US. 2001-06-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterskimag.com/ski-boats/2001/06/14/toyota-epic-x22">the original</a> on 2012-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Waterski+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Toyota+Epic+X22&amp;rft.date=2001-06-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterskimag.com%2Fski-boats%2F2001%2F06%2F14%2Ftoyota-epic-x22&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010627031159/http://www.wakeworld.com/News/99Toyota1.asp">"Toyota Launches Into Wakeboarding with Epic X22"</a>. <i>WakeWorld</i>. US. 1999-01-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wakeworld.com/News/99Toyota1.asp">the original</a> on 2001-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=WakeWorld&amp;rft.atitle=Toyota+Launches+Into+Wakeboarding+with+Epic+X22&amp;rft.date=1999-01-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wakeworld.com%2FNews%2F99Toyota1.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToyota+UZ+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyota_UZ_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toyota_UZ_engines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Toyota UZ engines">Toyota UZ engines</a></span>.</td></tr>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toyota_engines" title="List of Toyota engines">List of Toyota engines</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Arab-West Foundation</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>The <b>Arab-West Foundation</b> (AWF) was established in 2005, and is registered in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> as the Stichting Arab West Understanding. It is connected to the work and ideals of the electronic magazine <a href="/wiki/Arab-West_Report" title="Arab-West Report">Arab-West Report</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Aims">Aims</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab-West_Foundation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Aims">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The foundation aims at encouraging and promoting tolerance, understanding and dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims, and Arab and <a href="/wiki/Western_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Communities">Western communities</a>, societies and countries. To achieve this purpose the foundation cooperates with the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Arab-West_Understanding" title="Center for Arab-West Understanding">Center for Arab-West Understanding</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Intercultural_Dialogue_and_Translation" title="Center for Intercultural Dialogue and Translation">Center for Intercultural Dialogue and Translation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. It promotes and supports Western students doing internships in Egypt, especially those who will engage in projects that can be carried out in cooperation with Egyptian students.
</p><p>AWF supports and encourages dialogue through a number of avenues, focusing on an increased understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims. Academic papers from Egyptian and non-Egyptian student interns address issues relevant to <a href="/wiki/Current_events" class="mw-redirect" title="Current events">current affairs</a> in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Western interns participate in cultural <a href="/wiki/Sensitivity_training" title="Sensitivity training">sensitivity training</a> to further their understanding of Arab-West relations and decrease misconceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> It aims at improving the general publics' understanding of the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Islamic world</a> in non-Muslim countries and vice versa.
</p><p>The Arab West Foundation further focuses on the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian media">Egyptian media</a> as a means of increasing cultural integration, providing access to the archives of <a href="/wiki/Arab-West_Report" title="Arab-West Report">Arab-West Report</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab-West_Foundation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabwestfoundation.com/?Academic_Papers">"Academic Papers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Academic+Papers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabwestfoundation.com%2F%3FAcademic_Papers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab-West+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabwestfoundation.com/?Cultural_Training">"Cultural Training"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cultural+Training&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabwestfoundation.com%2F%3FCultural_Training&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab-West+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab-West_Foundation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Diego Garcia (musician)</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American musician</div>
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<p><b>Diego Garcia</b> is an American musician. He was the lead singer of the band <a href="/wiki/Elefant_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elefant (music)">Elefant</a> and later became a solo artist.
</p><p>Garcia was born in <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> to Argentine parents, raised in <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PB-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> and educated at <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mog-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> He first broke into the music world as the lead singer of the New York-based band Elefant, a group aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_movement#Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern movement">postmodern movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)"><i>New York magazine</i></a> once described him as the “Sexiest Lead Singer."<sup id="cite_ref-PB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PB-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2011 he released his first solo album <i>Laura</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PB-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Garcias band includes an Italian-born cellist and a Spanish-styled guitarist, plus a tight rhythm section. Garcia cites the young <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a> as his role model. He has taken inspiration from and has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a> due to their florid instrumental sounds and soul-rending ballads, but most importantly the album was inspired by his girlfriend Laura. The couple is now married, with a young daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-mog_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mog-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 9, 2013, Diego's second solo album release was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-Broadway_World_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broadway_World-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> <i>Paradise</i> was released October 8, 2013.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Discography">Discography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_Garcia_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><i>Laura</i> (2011)</li>
<li><i>Paradise</i> (2013)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_Garcia_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-PB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrancis2011" class="citation news cs1">Francis, Naila (November 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131142924/http://www.phillyburbs.com/entertainment/music/diego-garcia-taps-into-tender-romantic-side-on-new-album/article_5a8f6d1b-ae14-55f9-9cf3-8765005ac16d.html">"Diego Garcia taps into tender, romantic side on new album"</a>. phillyBurbs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phillyburbs.com/entertainment/music/diego-garcia-taps-into-tender-romantic-side-on-new-album/article_5a8f6d1b-ae14-55f9-9cf3-8765005ac16d.html">the original</a> on January 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Diego+Garcia+taps+into+tender%2C+romantic+side+on+new+album&amp;rft.date=2011-11-29&amp;rft.aulast=Francis&amp;rft.aufirst=Naila&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phillyburbs.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fdiego-garcia-taps-into-tender-romantic-side-on-new-album%2Farticle_5a8f6d1b-ae14-55f9-9cf3-8765005ac16d.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiego+Garcia+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mog-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mog_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mog_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mog.com/blog_posts/3579633/mogbar?a=mn1218049">"How Diego Garcia came to excel at passionately romantic pop paeans"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=How+Diego+Garcia+came+to+excel+at+passionately+romantic+pop+paeans&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmog.com%2Fblog_posts%2F3579633%2Fmogbar%3Fa%3Dmn1218049&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiego+Garcia+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged December 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MPR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPR_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/12/14/diegogarcia-live/">"Diego Garcia performs live in The Current studio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">Minnesota Public Radio</a>. December 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Diego+Garcia+performs+live+in+The+Current+studio&amp;rft.date=2011-12-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminnesota.publicradio.org%2Fdisplay%2Fweb%2F2011%2F12%2F14%2Fdiegogarcia-live%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiego+Garcia+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Broadway_World-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Broadway_World_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Diego-Garcias-Paradise-Out-108-New-Single-Sunnier-Days-Now-Available-20130809">"Diego Garcia's 'Paradise' Out, 10/8; New Single 'Sunnier Days' Now Available"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Diego+Garcia%27s+%27Paradise%27+Out%2C+10%2F8%3B+New+Single+%27Sunnier+Days%27+Now+Available&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Fbwwmusic%2Farticle%2FDiego-Garcias-Paradise-Out-108-New-Single-Sunnier-Days-Now-Available-20130809&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiego+Garcia+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Corinne Leclair</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mauritian swimmer</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Corinne Leclair</div></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #abdfee;;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1970-06-24</span>) </span>June 24, 1970<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;51)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #abdfee;;">Sport</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #abdfee;;"><div class="mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%">
<div style="line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; background-color:#ccf; font-size:105%; background-color:transparent;"><div style="margin:0 4em;">Medal record</div></div>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eeeeee;">Women's <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eeeeee;" class="adr">Representing <span class="country-name"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></span>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/All-Africa_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Africa Games">All-Africa Games</a>
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<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Gold medal first place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Gold medal first place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">1991 Cairo</a> </span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">400 m freestyle</a>
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<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Silver medal second place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Silver medal second place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">1991 Cairo</a> </span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">100 m freestyle</a>
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<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Silver medal second place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Silver medal second place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">1991 Cairo</a> </span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">200 m freestyle</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Silver medal second place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Silver medal second place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">1991 Cairo</a> </span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">800 m freestyle</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></th></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Corinne Leclair</b> (born 24 June 1970) is a Mauritian swimmer who represented her country at the <a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Leclair was eleven years old when she started swimming, and just four years later she was competing in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Island_Games" title="Indian Ocean Island Games">1985 Indian Ocean Island Games</a>, the Games were held in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> but the fifteen year old struggled against the more experienced ladies, but her time came when she competed in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Island_Games" title="Indian Ocean Island Games">1990 Indian Ocean Island Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, where in the seven events she competed in she won six gold medals and one bronze medal, her golds came in the freestyle in 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres plus team gold in the 4 x 100 medley and 4 x 100 freestyle relay.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Leclair won one individual gold medal and three silvers at the <a href="/wiki/1991_All-Africa_Games" title="1991 All-Africa Games">1991 All-Africa Games</a>.
</p><p>Leclair was 22 years old when she represented <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, she entered four events in three days, first up was the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_100_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics Women&#39;s 100 metre freestyle">100 metres freestyle</a>, she swam it in 1:00.95 and finished third in her heat and 44th overall,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> the next day she competed in the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_200_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics Women&#39;s 200 metre freestyle">200 metre freestyle</a> and finished in 35th place.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> On her final day she competed in two events, the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_400_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics Women&#39;s 400 metre freestyle">400 metre freestyle</a> where she had her best finish of 33rd place,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> followed by 13th place with three teammates in the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_freestyle_relay" title="Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics Women&#39;s 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay">4 x 100 metre freestyle relay</a>, Leclair swam the fastest in her team.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Leclair won the Mauritian Sports Council Sportswoman of the year in 1990 and 1991 and is still the only swimmer to win the award.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2013 Leclair got married and moved to the United States, where is a swimming instructor and a certified American Red Cross Lifeguard.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corinne_Leclair&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418091452/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/le/corinne-leclair-1.html">"Corinne Leclair"</a>. <i>Olympics at Sports-Reference.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/le/corinne-leclair-1.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Olympics+at+Sports-Reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Corinne+Leclair&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fathletes%2Fle%2Fcorinne-leclair-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5plus.mu/sport/natation-quand-corinne-leclair-illuminait-les-piscines">"When Corinne Leclair illuminated pools"</a>. <i>5plus.mu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=5plus.mu&amp;rft.atitle=When+Corinne+Leclair+illuminated+pools&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.5plus.mu%2Fsport%2Fnatation-quand-corinne-leclair-illuminait-les-piscines&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s5.pdf">"Barcelona 1992: Swimming Women's 100m Freestyle Finals"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona 1992">Barcelona 1992</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;373<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Barcelona+1992&amp;rft.atitle=Barcelona+1992%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+100m+Freestyle+Finals&amp;rft.pages=373&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1992%2F1992s5.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s5.pdf">"Barcelona 1992: Swimming Women's 200m Freestyle Heats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona 1992">Barcelona 1992</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. pp.&#160;373374<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Barcelona+1992&amp;rft.atitle=Barcelona+1992%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+200m+Freestyle+Heats&amp;rft.pages=373-374&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1992%2F1992s5.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s5.pdf">"Barcelona 1992: Swimming Women's 400m Freestyle Heats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona 1992">Barcelona 1992</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;374<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Barcelona+1992&amp;rft.atitle=Barcelona+1992%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+400m+Freestyle+Heats&amp;rft.pages=374&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1992%2F1992s5.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s5.pdf">"Barcelona 1992: Swimming Women's 4×100m Freestyle Relay Heats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona 1992">Barcelona 1992</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;382<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Barcelona+1992&amp;rft.atitle=Barcelona+1992%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+4%C3%97100m+Freestyle+Relay+Heats&amp;rft.pages=382&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1992%2F1992s5.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mauritiussportscouncil.com/English/All%20Awards/Winners%20of%20National%20Sports%20Award/Pages/Winners-of-National-Sport-Award-.aspx">"Winners of National Sport Award"</a>. <i>mauritiussportscouncil.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=mauritiussportscouncil.com&amp;rft.atitle=Winners+of+National+Sport+Award&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mauritiussportscouncil.com%2FEnglish%2FAll%2520Awards%2FWinners%2520of%2520National%2520Sports%2520Award%2FPages%2FWinners-of-National-Sport-Award-.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorinne+Leclair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corinne_Leclair&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="wd_p3408"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fina.org/athletes/1069001/wd">Corinne Leclair</a> at <a href="/wiki/FINA" title="FINA">FINA</a><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42573691#P3408"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="wd_p5815"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/athletes/corinne-leclair">Corinne Leclair</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">Olympics.com</a><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42573691#P5815"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="wd_p8286"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/49282">Corinne Leclair</a> at Olympedia<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42573691#P8286"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Biogeology</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere</div>
<p><b>Biogeology</b> is the study of the interactions between the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-darwin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-darwin-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:177px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg/175px-Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="134" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg/263px-Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg/350px-Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="614" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrite_foolsgold.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Pyrite</div></div></div>
<p>Biogeology examines <a href="/wiki/Biotic_material" title="Biotic material">biotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrologic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_ecoregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial ecoregion">terrestrial</a> systems in relation to each other, to help understand the Earth's climate, oceans, and other effects on geologic systems.<sup id="cite_ref-ucsb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucsb-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>For example, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> are responsible for the formation of some <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>, and can concentrate economically important <a href="/wiki/Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Metals">metals</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>. Bacteria are also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical composition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth&#39;s atmosphere">atmosphere</a>, which affects <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> rates of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocks</a>.
</p><p>Prior to the late <a href="/wiki/Devonian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonian period">Devonian period</a>, there was little plant life beyond <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a>. At this time large <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular plants">vascular plants</a> evolved, growing up to 30 meters (98&#160;ft 5.1&#160;in) in height. These large plants changed the atmosphere, and altered the composition of the <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> by increasing the amount of <a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">organic</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>. This helped prevent the soil being washed away through <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedology_(soil_study)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedology (soil study)">Pedology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geobiology" title="Geobiology">Geobiology</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-darwin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-darwin_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFDarwin_Center_for_Biogeology2007" class="citation web cs1">Darwin Center for Biogeology (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwincenter.nl/">"Darwin Center for Biogeology"</a>. Darwin Center for Biogeology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Darwin+Center+for+Biogeology&amp;rft.pub=Darwin+Center+for+Biogeology&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=Darwin+Center+for+Biogeology&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwincenter.nl%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiogeology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ucsb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ucsb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFUCSB_Geology2007" class="citation web cs1">UCSB Geology (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810223337/http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/Research/TopicsInfo/Biogeology.html">"Biogeology research at UCSB"</a>. UCSB Geology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/Research/TopicsInfo/Biogeology.html">the original</a> on August 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Biogeology+research+at+UCSB&amp;rft.pub=UCSB+Geology&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=UCSB+Geology&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geol.ucsb.edu%2FResearch%2FTopicsInfo%2FBiogeology.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiogeology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biominerals.paleo.pan.pl/index.html">Biogeology department at the Institute of Paleobiology</a>.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/">American Geophysical Union (AGU)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research" title="Journal of Geophysical Research">Journal of Geophysical Research</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/journals/jg/">(JGR) - Biogeosciences</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egu.cateu/">European Geosciences Union (EGU)</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biogeosciences.net/">Biogeosciences (BG)</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">American University of Iraq - Baghdad</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private university</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size:125%;">The American University of Iraq, Baghdad</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Other name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">AUIB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Private University">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">260</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Governorate" title="Baghdad Governorate">Baghdad Governorate</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#C00030; color:white;">&#160;</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#908c8c; color:black;">&#160;</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auib.edu.iq">auib<wbr />.edu<wbr />.iq</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad_logo_from_website_2021.png" class="image"><img alt="American University of Iraq - Baghdad logo from website 2021.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1e/American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad_logo_from_website_2021.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>The American University of Iraq <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> (AUIB)</b> is private, <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-profit">not-for-profit</a> university established in 2018 and started its teaching activities in February 2021 with 260 students in three colleges including Arts &amp; Sciences, International Studies, and Business. The campus has grown quickly with the addition of five more colleges including Pharmacy, Dentistry, Health Technologies, Nursing, and Law.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Campus"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Campus</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Funding_and_motivation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Funding and motivation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Adademic_profile"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Adademic profile</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#College_of_Arts_and_Sciences"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">College of Arts and Sciences</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#College_of_Business"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">College of Business</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#College_of_International_Studies"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">College of International Studies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#College_of_Healthcare_Technologies"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">College of Healthcare Technologies</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The university opened in February, 2021. It models itself on other regional American-style liberal arts universities such as the American University of Beirut, and the American University of Cairo.
In 2017, after deciding the location, the <a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Tueller" title="Matthew H. Tueller">United States Ambassador to Iraq</a> signed an agreement that would pave the way for the university.<sup id="cite_ref-El_Mundo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_Mundo-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Its inaugural intake in 2021 comprised approximately three hundred undergraduates. Most of this cohort took English language skills courses at the university's English Language Academy before embarking on their <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor&#39;s degree">baccalaureate</a> programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> The university opened with three colleges, arts and sciences, business, and <a href="/wiki/International_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="International studies">International studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-El_Mundo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_Mundo-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Campus">Campus</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Campus">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The university's campus is located in what was previously <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>s <a href="/wiki/Al_Faw_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Faw Palace">Al Faw Palace</a>. The former despot built the palace in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-El_Mundo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_Mundo-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
The grounds belong to the Iraqi government, which leased the former palace to the university on a fifty-year basis. The university has the option to extend the lease for another fifty years when the current lease expires.<sup id="cite_ref-El_Mundo_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_Mundo-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
The campus consists of palaces and attached houses; it spans 643 acres,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> and has a campus bus service. Diverted water from the Tigris River fills its lakes which some claim contain a unique species of large bass.<sup id="cite_ref-SaddamBass_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SaddamBass-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
Husseins initials remain etched on into the ceilings, columns, and walls.<sup id="cite_ref-El_Mundo_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_Mundo-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Funding_and_motivation">Funding and motivation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Funding and motivation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>A founder's message on the institution's website reads, "I am Saadi Saihood and my sons and I have made it our familys mission to usher our country out of its legacy of terrorism and turbulence."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>So far, the founders have invested $200 million on renovations and refurbishments.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The institution's website posits, “To be truly American, a university must adopt not only English as its language of instruction but also the culture and ethos of higher education in the United States as recognized through U.S. accreditation.”
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Adademic_profile">Adademic profile</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Adademic profile">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The university's president, Michael Mulnix claims the university offers, “an American model of education focusing on the liberal arts,”
Before starting their majors, the university's students spend two years studying philosophy, sociology, psychology, and world history.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="College_of_Arts_and_Sciences">College of Arts and Sciences</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: College of Arts and Sciences">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="max-width:4em">Department of Applied Sciences
</th>
<th style="max-width:4em">Department of Humanities
</th>
<th style="max-width:4em">Department of Social Sciences
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Biology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li></ul>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a></li></ul>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="College_of_Business">College of Business</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: College of Business">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="max-width:4em">Department of Management, Marketing, and Management Information Systems
</th>
<th style="max-width:4em">Department of Accounting, Finance, and Economics
</th>
<th style="max-width:4em">Department of Business Administration
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Management_Information_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Management Information Systems">Management Information Systems</a></li></ul>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">Accounting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">Banking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></li></ul>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li>
<li>Professional study</li></ul>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="College_of_International_Studies">College of International Studies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: College of International Studies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Department of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Studies">Strategic Studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Relations">International Relations</a>
</th>
<th>Department of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Policy">Public Policy</a>
</th>
<th>Department of <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">Political Science</a>
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="College_of_Healthcare_Technologies">College of Healthcare Technologies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: College of Healthcare Technologies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Department of <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a>
</th>
<th>Department of <a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar Technology</a>
</th>
<th>Department of <a href="/wiki/Optometry" title="Optometry">Optometry</a> and Vision Sciences
</th>
<th>Department of Dental Technology
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Other colleges listed on the university's website are; College of <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a>, College of <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a>, College of <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">Dentistry</a> and College of <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_American_University_of_Iraq,_Sulaimani" title="The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani">American University of Iraq, Sulaimani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut" title="American University of Beirut">American University of Beirut</a> (AUB)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_University_in_Dubai" title="American University in Dubai">American University in Dubai</a> (AUD)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_University_of_Iraq_-_Baghdad&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nusacc.org/uploads/2/2/9/7/22977530/21webinar-iraq_update-mar22.pdf">"Has Iraq Reached an Inflection Point?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_U.S.%E2%80%93Arab_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National U.S.Arab Chamber of Commerce">National U.S.Arab Chamber of Commerce</a></i>. 2021-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+U.S.%E2%80%93Arab+Chamber+of+Commerce&amp;rft.atitle=Has+Iraq+Reached+an+Inflection+Point%3F&amp;rft.date=2021-03-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nusacc.org%2Fuploads%2F2%2F2%2F9%2F7%2F22977530%2F21webinar-iraq_update-mar22.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+University+of+Iraq+-+Baghdad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SaddamBass-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SaddamBass_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2007" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Brian (2007-03-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17524022">"Saddam's Al Faw palace not at all what it seems"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Saddam%E2%80%99s+Al+Faw+palace+not+at+all+what+it+seems&amp;rft.date=2007-03-08&amp;rft.aulast=Williams&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna17524022&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+University+of+Iraq+-+Baghdad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Eddie Allen (fullback)</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player (19182012)</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Eddie Allen</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightgray; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:0.3em;">Biographical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-05-05</span>)</span>May 5, 1918<br /><a href="/wiki/Dansville,_Livingston_County,_New_York" title="Dansville, Livingston County, New York">Dansville, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1, 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-03-01)</span> (aged&#160;93)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightgray; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:0.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/>Playing career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 1px;">19381940, 1946</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Penn_Quakers_football" title="Penn Quakers football">Penn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 1px;">1947</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 1px;">1948</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(AAFC)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)">Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">
</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Position(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)" title="Fullback (gridiron football)">Fullback</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightgray; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:0.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/>Coaching career (<a href="/wiki/Head_coach" title="Head coach">HC</a> unless noted)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 1px;">1949</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Darby_High_School" title="Upper Darby High School">Upper Darby HS (OA)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 1px;">19501957</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Drexel_Dragons_football" title="Drexel Dragons football">Drexel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">
</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightgray; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:0.3em;">Head coaching record</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Overall</th><td class="infobox-data">33241 (college)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Edward Bostwic Allen Jr.</b> (May 5, 1918 March 1, 2012) was an <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)" title="Fullback (gridiron football)">fullback</a> who played one season in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> and one season in the <a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a> (AAFC) for the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(AAFC)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)">Brooklyn Dodgers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Allen played <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, and was head football coach at <a href="/wiki/Drexel_University" title="Drexel University">Drexel University</a>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_and_college_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and college career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Professional_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Professional career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Coaching_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Coaching career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Head_coaching_record"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Head coaching record</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#College"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">College</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_college_career">Early life and college career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and college career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Allen attended <a href="/wiki/Batavia_High_School_(New_York)" title="Batavia High School (New York)">Batavia High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_New_York" title="Batavia, New York">Batavia, New York</a>, where he was raised.
</p><p>Allen played for three seasons on the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Quakers_football" title="Penn Quakers football">Penn Quakers football</a> team until 1940, when he left to serve in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He served until 1945 and achieved the rank of captain.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Upon leaving the military, he returned to Penn for his fourth and final season. Allen was an All-American honorable mention at Penn.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_career">Professional career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Professional career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Allen was selected 94th overall (11th round, pick 4) in the <a href="/wiki/1946_NFL_Draft" title="1946 NFL Draft">1946 NFL Draft</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a>. Allen appeared in nine games for the Bears, during the <a href="/wiki/1947_NFL_season" title="1947 NFL season">1947</a> NFL season. During the season he played as both fullback and <a href="/wiki/Punter_(football)" title="Punter (football)">Punter</a>.
</p><p>The following year, Allen played for the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(AAFC)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Coaching_career">Coaching career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Coaching career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Allen began coaching at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniels_Field&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniels Field (page does not exist)">Daniels Field</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> After serving as head coach at <a href="/wiki/Upper_Darby_High_School" title="Upper Darby High School">Upper Darby High School</a> for the 1949 season, Allen was hired by <a href="/wiki/Drexel_University" title="Drexel University">Drexel University</a> as head football coach in February 1950. During the <a href="/wiki/1955_college_football_season" title="1955 college football season">1955 college football season</a>, Allen led Drexel to an undefeated season. In eight seasons as head coach at Drexel, Allen compiled an overall record of 33241. On January 10, 1958, Allen resigned as head coach in order to devote more time to an investment firm at which he had been recently given a major promotion.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Head_coaching_record">Head coaching record</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Head coaching record">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="College">College</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: College">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year
</th>
<th>Team
</th>
<th>Overall
</th>
<th>Conference</th>
<th>Standing
</th>
<th>Bowl/playoffs
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#dddddd; border-bottom: 2px solid #aaaaaa;text-align:center;" colspan="9"><b><a href="/wiki/Drexel_Dragons_football" title="Drexel Dragons football">Drexel Dragons</a></b> <i>(Independent)</i> <small>(19501957)</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1950_college_football_season" title="1950 college football season">1950</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1950_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1950 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>61</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1951_college_football_season" title="1951 college football season">1951</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1951_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1951 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1952_college_football_season" title="1952 college football season">1952</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1952_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1952 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1953_college_football_season" title="1953 college football season">1953</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1953_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1953 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>231</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1954_college_football_season" title="1954 college football season">1954</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1954_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1954 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>52</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1955_college_football_season" title="1955 college football season">1955</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1955_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1955 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>80</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1956_NCAA_College_Division_football_season" title="1956 NCAA College Division football season">1956</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1956_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1956 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>53</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/1957_NCAA_College_Division_football_season" title="1957 NCAA College Division football season">1957</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1957_Drexel_Dragons_football_team" title="1957 Drexel Dragons football team">Drexel</a>
</td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background:#fafafa; border-top: 2px solid #aaaaaa;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>Drexel:</b>
</td>
<td>33241</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="5">
</td></tr>
<tr style="background:#dddddd">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Total:</b></td>
<td>33241</td>
<td colspan="7">
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://services.library.drexel.edu/static_files/triangle/Drexel-Triangle_1950-02-10.pdf">"New Coach"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Triangle. February 10, 1950. p.&#160;5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+Coach&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=The+Triangle&amp;rft.date=1950-02-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fservices.library.drexel.edu%2Fstatic_files%2Ftriangle%2FDrexel-Triangle_1950-02-10.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEddie+Allen+%28fullback%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitgeneseeny.com/news/the-end-of-an-era-as-last-of-flying-allens-passes">"The end of an era as last of Flying Allens passes"</a>, <i>Genesee County New York Official Visitor Website</i>, March 22, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2020.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://services.library.drexel.edu/static_files/triangle/Drexel-Triangle_1958-01-17.pdf">"Eddie Allen Resigns As Coach At DIT; Had 33241 Log"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Triangle. 17 January 1958. p.&#160;1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Eddie+Allen+Resigns+As+Coach+At+DIT%3B+Had+33%E2%80%9324%E2%80%931+Log&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.pub=The+Triangle&amp;rft.date=1958-01-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fservices.library.drexel.edu%2Fstatic_files%2Ftriangle%2FDrexel-Triangle_1958-01-17.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEddie+Allen+%28fullback%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Allen_(fullback)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li>Career statistics and player information from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/players/eddie-allen">NFL.com</a>&#160;·&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/AlleEd21.htm">Pro Football Reference</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drexel_Dragons_head_football_coaches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#07294D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFC600, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFC600;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drexel_Dragons_football_coach_navbox" title="Template:Drexel Dragons football coach navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="background-color:#07294D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFC600, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFC600;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drexel_Dragons_football_coach_navbox" title="Template talk:Drexel Dragons football coach navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background-color:#07294D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFC600, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFC600;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Drexel_Dragons_football_coach_navbox&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background-color:#07294D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFC600, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFC600;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drexel_Dragons_head_football_coaches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Drexel_Dragons_head_football_coaches" title="List of Drexel Dragons head football coaches"><span style="color:white">Drexel Dragons head football coaches</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i>No coach</i> (18921897)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._Leroy_Reeves" title="D. Leroy Reeves">D. Leroy Reeves</a> (1898)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i>No coach</i> (18991909)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i>No team</i> (19101917)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i>No coach</i> (1918)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._L._Ridpath&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="W. L. Ridpath (page does not exist)">W. L. Ridpath</a> (1919)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_McAvoy" title="William McAvoy">William McAvoy</a> (19201921)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_J._O%27Brien" title="Harry J. O&#39;Brien">Harry J. O'Brien</a> (19221925)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ollie_W._Reed" title="Ollie W. Reed">Ollie W. Reed</a> (1926)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Halas" title="Walter Halas">Walter Halas</a> (19271941)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_H._Repscha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert H. Repscha (page does not exist)">Albert H. Repscha</a> (1942)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><i>No team</i> (1943)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maury_McMains" title="Maury McMains">Maury McMains</a> (19441945)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Chase" title="Ralph Chase">Ralph Chase</a> (19461947)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Chase" title="Ralph Chase">Ralph Chase</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Maury_McMains" title="Maury McMains">Maury McMains</a> (1948)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otis_Douglas" title="Otis Douglas">Otis Douglas</a> (1949)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eddie Allen</a> (19501957)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hinkle" title="Jack Hinkle">Jack Hinkle</a> (19581960)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Grebis" title="Tom Grebis">Tom Grebis</a> (19611968)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Brown_(American_football)" title="Sterling Brown (American football)">Sterling Brown</a> (19691973)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Lujack" title="Johnny Lujack">Johnny Lujack</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Rykovich" title="Jules Rykovich">Jules Rykovich</a></li>
<li>Frankie Broyles</li>
<li>Ernie Knotts</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Don_Schneider" title="Don Schneider">Don Schneider</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Scruggs" title="Ted Scruggs">Ted Scruggs</a></li>
<li>Wendell Beard</li>
<li>John Ziegler</li>
<li>Walt Dropo</li>
<li>Bill Harris</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eddie Allen</a></li>
<li>Frank Bauman</li>
<li>Reed Nostrum</li>
<li>Dick Chatterton</li>
<li>Johnny Timko</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Hazelwood" title="Ted Hazelwood">Ted Hazelwood</a></li>
<li>Dick Johnson</li>
<li>Art Boettcher</li>
<li>Tom Gallagher</li>
<li>Johnny Adams</li>
<li>Dean Widseth</li>
<li>George Kochins</li>
<li>Al Hoisch</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visco_Grgich" title="Visco Grgich">Visco Grgich</a></li>
<li>Allen Richards</li>
<li>Jess Tunstill</li>
<li>Ken Smock</li>
<li>Howard Weldon</li>
<li>Johnny Cook</li>
<li>Harry Franck</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oskar Sandberg</h1>
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<p><b>Oskar Sandberg</b> is a key contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet">Freenet</a> Project, and a PhD graduate of the <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_University_of_Technology" title="Chalmers University of Technology">Chalmers Technical University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden. Oskar collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Ian_Clarke_(computer_scientist)" title="Ian Clarke (computer scientist)">Ian Clarke</a> to design the new "darknet" model employed in Freenet 0.7, work which was presented at the <a href="/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON">DEF CON</a> security conference in July 2005. Oskar recently completed a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> about the mathematics of complex networks, especially with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Small_world_phenomenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Small world phenomenon">small world phenomenon</a>. Besides this he has an active interest in distributed computer networks and network security, and has been an active contributor to the Freenet Project since 1999. Oskar now works at <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Papers">Papers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Sandberg&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Papers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Ian Clarke, Oskar Sandberg, Brandon Wiley, Theodore W. Hong:
Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/(rr2atay4sqit1km2w1z3lwr0)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&amp;backto=issue,4,11;journal,1946,3846;linkingpublicationresults,1:105633,1">link</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup>
</p><p>Oskar Sandberg: Searching in a small world (licentiate thesis) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.chalmers.se/Math/Research/Preprints/2005/52.pdf">link</a>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Sandberg&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/papers/lic.pdf">Oskar Sandberg</a> - Paper(PDF file): Searching in a Small World.</li></ul>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in Harju County, Estonia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Idaotsa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Village</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harju_County" title="Harju County">Harju County</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viimsi_Parish" title="Viimsi Parish">Viimsi Parish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Idaotsa</b> is a village in <a href="/wiki/Viimsi_Parish" title="Viimsi Parish">Viimsi Parish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harju_County" title="Harju County">Harju County</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Prangli" title="Prangli">Prangli</a>. The nearby <a href="/wiki/Aksi" title="Aksi">Aksi</a> island also belongs to Idaotsa village.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaotsa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metaweb.stat.ee/view_xml.htm?id=3787961&amp;searchText=1984">Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements 2014</a> (retrieved 27 July 2021)</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Idaotsa&amp;params=59_37_N_25_01_E_region:EE_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°37N</span> <span class="longitude">25°01E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.617°N 25.017°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">59.617; 25.017</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
</p>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Settlements_in_Viimsi_Parish" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viimsi_Parish" title="Template:Viimsi Parish"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viimsi_Parish" title="Template talk:Viimsi Parish"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Viimsi_Parish&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Settlements_in_Viimsi_Parish" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Estonia" title="Populated places in Estonia">Settlements</a> in <a href="/wiki/Viimsi_Parish" title="Viimsi Parish">Viimsi Parish</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:nobreak;">Small boroughs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haabneeme" title="Haabneeme">Haabneeme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Viimsi" title="Viimsi">Viimsi</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg" class="image" title="Coat of arms of Viimsi Parish"><img alt="Coat of arms of Viimsi Parish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg/50px-Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg/75px-Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg/100px-Viimsi_valla_vapp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="579" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:nobreak;">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84igrum%C3%A4e" title="Äigrumäe">Äigrumäe</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Idaotsa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kelnase" title="Kelnase">Kelnase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kelvingi" title="Kelvingi">Kelvingi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4neotsa" title="Lääneotsa">Lääneotsa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laiak%C3%BCla" title="Laiaküla">Laiaküla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leppneeme" title="Leppneeme">Leppneeme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5unak%C3%BCla" title="Lõunaküla">Lõunaküla</a> (Storbyn)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lubja" title="Lubja">Lubja</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metsakasti" title="Metsakasti">Metsakasti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miiduranna" title="Miiduranna">Miiduranna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muuga,_Viimsi_Parish" title="Muuga, Viimsi Parish">Muuga</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnam%C3%A4e" title="Pärnamäe">Pärnamäe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pringi,_Harju_County" title="Pringi, Harju County">Pringi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BC%C3%BCnsi" title="Püünsi">Püünsi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Randvere,_Harju_County" title="Randvere, Harju County">Randvere</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rohuneeme" title="Rohuneeme">Rohuneeme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tagak%C3%BCla,_Harju_County" title="Tagaküla, Harju County">Tagaküla</a> (Bakbyn)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tammneeme" title="Tammneeme">Tammneeme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ikeheinamaa" title="Väikeheinamaa">Väikeheinamaa</a> (Lillängin)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><br />
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<div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idaotsa&amp;oldid=1035722547">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idaotsa&amp;oldid=1035722547</a>"</div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University in Slovenia</div>
<p>The <b>Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto</b> (FOS; <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Fakulteta za organizacijske študije v Novem mestu</i>) is an independent (private) faculty,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Novo_Mesto" title="Novo Mesto">Novo Mesto</a>, Slovenia. The Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto holds ISO standards <a href="/wiki/ISO_9001" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9001">ISO 9001</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">ISO/IEC 27001</a>. The current dean is Boris Bukovec.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Study_programmes"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Study programmes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#International_collaboration"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">International collaboration</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Research_and_publishing"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Research and publishing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies_in_Novo_Mesto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto was established in 2008 as a <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Publicprivate partnership">public-private partnership</a> project between the private institute IOM and the former <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_and_Research_Centre_in_Novo_Mesto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University and Research Centre in Novo Mesto (page does not exist)">University and Research Centre in Novo Mesto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitetno_in_raziskovalno_sredi%C5%A1%C4%8De_Novo_mesto" class="extiw" title="sl:Univerzitetno in raziskovalno središče Novo mesto">sl</a>&#93;</span>. When the latter was abolished in 2014, founding rights were transferred<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/City_Municipality_of_Novo_Mesto" title="City Municipality of Novo Mesto">City Municipality of Novo Mesto</a>.
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg/220px-Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg/330px-Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg/440px-Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Faculty of Organisation Studies centre</div></div></div>
<p>In 2015, the institution was recognised by the Information Commissioner of the Republic of Slovenia for its efforts in the field of data protection.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Study_programmes">Study programmes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies_in_Novo_Mesto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Study programmes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto offers study programmes at bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels in the field of <a href="/wiki/Quality_management" title="Quality management">quality management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Study programmes are accredited by the Slovenian national higher school accreditation agency (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakvis.si/en-GB/Content/Details/8">NAKVIS</a>).
</p><p>The bachelor's study programme lasts for 6 semesters and provides 180 <a href="/wiki/European_Credit_Transfer_and_Accumulation_System" title="European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System">ECTS</a> credits. It is expert-oriented with the combination of compulsory courses in the field of economics, management and business administration, elective courses in relevant supportive fields and compulsory practical work in the business environment.
</p><p>The master's study programme lasts for 4 semesters and provides 120 ECTS credits. It is oriented towards deepening the theoretical background of the conceptualisation of excellence and applying it in different fields (based on the selection of elective courses).
</p><p>The doctoral study programme lasts for 6 semesters and provides 180 ECTS credits. It is research-based, with a compulsory subject of advanced methodology and an elective course (which provides also the proper field of the title) in the field closest to the candidate's research interest.
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:189px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bukovec_dean.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Bukovec_dean.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="265" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="265" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Bukovec_dean.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Dean Boris Bukovec</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_collaboration">International collaboration</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies_in_Novo_Mesto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: International collaboration">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Among other forms of cooperation with foreign institutions of higher education, the Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto participates in the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus+</a> programme of students and staff exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Research_and_publishing">Research and publishing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies_in_Novo_Mesto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Research and publishing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto is developing its research activities within the research institutes. Currently, there are two operational institutes: for business excellence and for innovative tourism. Research output is available at <a href="/wiki/COBISS" title="COBISS">COBISS</a>/SICRIS<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> (in Slovenian).
</p><p>Since 2012, the faculty has organised an annual conference called Governance in (Post) Transition, which encompasses various current topics in the field of social sciences.
</p><p>Every year since 2015, the Faculty has been organizing a scientific conference <i>New Paradigms of Organizational Theories</i>.
</p><p>Since 2012, the Faculty has been publishing the scientific journal <i>Journal of Universal Excellence</i> and, since 2016, the journal <i>Challenges to the Future</i>. The journal is indexed in databases <a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals" title="Directory of Open Access Journals">DOAJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBSCO_Information_Services" title="EBSCO Information Services">EBSCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/COBISS" title="COBISS">COBISS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dlib" title="Dlib">dLib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google scholar</a>, MIAR, <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat (OCLC)</a>
</p><p>The faculty also publishes monographs<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> by Slovenian and international authors.
</p><p>The Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo Mesto is also a member of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://renet.dist.su.lt/">RENET network</a> (Researchers' Excellence network)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Organisation_Studies_in_Novo_Mesto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fos.unm.si/si/dejavnosti/zaloznistvo/">"List of publications by FOŠ (in Slovenian)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=List+of+publications+by+FO%C5%A0+%28in+Slovenian%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fos.unm.si%2Fsi%2Fdejavnosti%2Fzaloznistvo%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFaculty+of+Organisation+Studies+in+Novo+Mesto" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Marbletown, Wayne County, New York</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Marbletown,_Wayne_County,_New_York&amp;params=43_01_14_N_77_03_59_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°0114″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°0359″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.02056°N 77.06639°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">43.02056; -77.06639</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
<b>Marbletown</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlet (New York)">hamlet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arcadia,_New_York" title="Arcadia, New York">Town of Arcadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne County</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States, near the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_County,_New_York" title="Ontario County, New York">Ontario County</a> line. It is located three miles (5 km) southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_York" title="Newark, New York">Village of Newark</a>, at an elevation of 486 feet (148 m). The primary cross roads where the hamlet is located are Marbletown Road (CR 336), Silver Hill Road and Miller Road.
</p><p>Marbletown Schoolhouse (built 1876), a historic building, is located on the corner of Marbletown Road and Miller Road. The school served as an educational place for area children until it closed in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-NAHSM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAHSM-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marbletown,_Wayne_County,_New_York&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-NAHSM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAHSM_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newarkarcadiamuseum.org/schoolhouse/">Newark-Arcadia Historical Society &amp; Museum (Marbletown Schoolhouse)</a>, Retrieved Jan. 20, 2015.</span>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/summary/956493">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Marbletown, Wayne County, New York</a></li></ul>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Sodus_(village),_New_York" title="Sodus (village), New York">Sodus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sodus_Point,_New_York" title="Sodus Point, New York">Sodus Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wolcott_(village),_New_York" title="Wolcott (village), New York">Wolcott</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gananda,_New_York" title="Gananda, New York">Gananda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyons_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Lyons (hamlet), New York">Lyons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Macedon_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Macedon (hamlet), New York">Macedon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marion_(CDP),_New_York" title="Marion (CDP), New York">Marion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Rose,_New_York" title="North Rose, New York">North Rose</a></li>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alloway,_New_York" title="Alloway, New York">Alloway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alton,_New_York" title="Alton, New York">Alton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Center,_New_York" title="Butler Center, New York">Butler Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Palmyra,_New_York" title="East Palmyra, New York">East Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Williamson,_New_York" title="East Williamson, New York">East Williamson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fairville,_New_York" title="Fairville, New York">Fairville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huron_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Huron (hamlet), New York">Huron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Lincoln, Wayne County, New York">Lincoln</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lock_Berlin,_New_York" title="Lock Berlin, New York">Lock Berlin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Macedon_Center,_New_York" title="Macedon Center, New York">Macedon Center</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marbletown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marengo,_New_York" title="Marengo, New York">Marengo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mud_Mills,_New_York" title="Mud Mills, New York">Mud Mills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Center,_New_York" title="Ontario Center, New York">Ontario Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rose_(hamlet),_New_York" title="Rose (hamlet), New York">Rose</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sodus_Center,_New_York" title="Sodus Center, New York">Sodus Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Butler,_New_York" title="South Butler, New York">South Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Union_Hill,_New_York" title="Union Hill, New York">Union Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wallington,_New_York" title="Wallington, New York">Wallington</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Center,_New_York" title="Wayne Center, New York">Wayne Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Walworth,_New_York" title="West Walworth, New York">West Walworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Westbury, Cayuga County, New York">Westbury</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Staffeldt</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p><b>Staffeldt</b> is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Ditlef_von_Staffeldt" title="Bernhard Ditlef von Staffeldt">Bernhard Ditlef von Staffeldt</a> (17531818), Norwegian military officier</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Schack_von_Staffeldt" title="Schack von Staffeldt">Schack von Staffeldt</a> (17691826), Danish author</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timo_Staffeldt" title="Timo Staffeldt">Timo Staffeldt</a> (born 1984), German footballer</li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Velundu Vinaiyillai</i></h1>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1987 Indian film</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Velundu Vinaiyillai</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar" title="K. Shankar">K. Shankar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">K. P. Arivanandham<br /><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veedu_Sundaram" title="Vietnam Veedu Sundaram">Vietnam Veedu Sundaram</a> (dialogues)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar" title="K. Shankar">K. Shankar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">S. Valliammai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vijayakanth" title="Vijayakanth">Vijayakanth</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ambika_(actress)" title="Ambika (actress)">Ambika</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M._N._Nambiar" title="M. N. Nambiar">M. N. Nambiar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jaiganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaiganesh">Jaiganesh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">M. C. Sekar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar" title="K. Shankar">K. Shankar</a><br />V. Devan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M._S._Viswanathan" title="M. S. Viswanathan">M. S. Viswanathan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;">Om Muruga Arts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Om Muruga Arts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>7&#160;March&#160;1987<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1987-03-07</span>)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">133 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Velundu Vinaiyillai</b></i> (Tamil: வேலுண்டு வினையில்லை) is a 1987 <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> devotional film, directed by <a href="/wiki/K._Shankar" title="K. Shankar">K. Shankar</a> and produced by S. Valliammai. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Vijayakanth" title="Vijayakanth">Vijayakanth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambika_(actress)" title="Ambika (actress)">Ambika</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._N._Nambiar" title="M. N. Nambiar">M. N. Nambiar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaiganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaiganesh">Jaiganesh</a> in lead roles. The film had musical score by <a href="/wiki/M._S._Viswanathan" title="M. S. Viswanathan">M. S. Viswanathan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Cast"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Cast</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Soundtrack"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Soundtrack</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cast">Cast</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velundu_Vinaiyillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijayakanth" title="Vijayakanth">Vijayakanth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_(actress)" title="Ambika (actress)">Ambika</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Nambiar" title="M. N. Nambiar">M. N. Nambiar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jaiganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaiganesh">Jaiganesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Ganesh" title="Delhi Ganesh">Delhi Ganesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Senthil" title="Senthil">Senthil</a></li>
<li>Madhumohan</li>
<li>R. Shankaran</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Typist_Gopu" title="Typist Gopu">Typist Gopu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vadivukkarasi" title="Vadivukkarasi">Vadivukkarasi</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velundu_Vinaiyillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Soundtrack">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The music was composed by <a href="/wiki/M._S._Viswanathan" title="M. S. Viswanathan">M. S. Viswanathan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;">
<tbody><tr>
<th>No.</th>
<th>Song</th>
<th>Singers</th>
<th>Lyrics</th>
<th>Length (m:ss)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>"Pothaicha"</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/K._S._Chithra" title="K. S. Chithra">Chithra</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Vaali_(poet)" title="Vaali (poet)">Vaali</a></td>
<td>04:55
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>"Velundu"</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Vani_Jayaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Vani Jayaram">Vani Jayaram</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Kannadasan" title="Kannadasan">Kannadasan</a></td>
<td>05:02
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>"Unavinilae"</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></td>
<td>Tamil Nambi</td>
<td>04:34
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>"Kaayatha"</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Deepan_Chakravarthy" title="Deepan Chakravarthy">Deepan Chakravarthy</a></td>
<td>Sri Thavathiru Sankaradas Swamigal</td>
<td>04:32
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velundu_Vinaiyillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/movies/velundu-vinaiyillai.html">"Velundu Vinaiyillai"</a>. filmibeat.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Velundu+Vinaiyillai&amp;rft.pub=filmibeat.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmibeat.com%2Ftamil%2Fmovies%2Fvelundu-vinaiyillai.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVelundu+Vinaiyillai" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spicyonion.com/movie/velundu-vinaiyillai/">"Velundu Vinaiyillai"</a>. spicyonion.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Velundu+Vinaiyillai&amp;rft.pub=spicyonion.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspicyonion.com%2Fmovie%2Fvelundu-vinaiyillai%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVelundu+Vinaiyillai" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gomolo.com/velundu-vinaiyillai-movie/11176">"Velundu Vinaiyillai"</a>. gomolo.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Velundu+Vinaiyillai&amp;rft.pub=gomolo.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gomolo.com%2Fvelundu-vinaiyillai-movie%2F11176&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVelundu+Vinaiyillai" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/velundu-vinaiyillai-t0000995">"Velundu Vinaiyillai Songs"</a>. raaga.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Velundu+Vinaiyillai+Songs&amp;rft.pub=raaga.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplay.raaga.com%2Ftamil%2Falbum%2Fvelundu-vinaiyillai-t0000995&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVelundu+Vinaiyillai" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velundu_Vinaiyillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3316104/"><i>Velundu Vinaiyillai</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhDR8W-aYOU"><span class="plainlinks">Velundu Vinaiyillai</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K._Shankar_filmography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K._Shankar" title="Template:K. Shankar"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K._Shankar" title="Template talk:K. Shankar"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:K._Shankar&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K._Shankar_filmography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar" title="K. Shankar">K. Shankar</a> filmography</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naga_Devathai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naga Devathai (page does not exist)">Naga Devathai</a></i> (1956)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhookailas_(1958_film)" title="Bhookailas (1958 film)">Bhookailas</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhookailasa_(film)" title="Bhookailasa (film)">Bhookailasa</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sivagangai_Seemai" title="Sivagangai Seemai">Sivagangai Seemai</a></i> (1959)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Orey_Vazhi" title="Orey Vazhi">Orey Vazhi</a></i> (1959)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kavalai_Illaadha_Manithan" title="Kavalai Illaadha Manithan">Kavalai Illaadha Manithan</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Kairasi" title="Kairasi">Kairasi</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Arappavan" title="Arappavan">Arappavan</a></i> (1961)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Jhoola_(1962_film)" title="Jhoola (1962 film)">Jhoola</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Paadha_Kaanikkai" title="Paadha Kaanikkai">Paadha Kaanikkai</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Aalayamani" title="Aalayamani">Aalayamani</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Aadi_Perukku_(film)" title="Aadi Perukku (film)">Aadi Perukku</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ezhai_Pangalan" title="Ezhai Pangalan">Ezhai Pangalan</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Panathottam" title="Panathottam">Panathottam</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bharosa" title="Bharosa">Bharosa</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Idhu_Sathiyam" title="Idhu Sathiyam">Idhu Sathiyam</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rajkumar_(1964_film)" title="Rajkumar (1964 film)">Rajkumar</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Aandavan_Kattalai" title="Aandavan Kattalai">Aandavan Kattalai</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerakkanal" title="Veerakkanal">Veerakkanal</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchavarna_Kili" title="Panchavarna Kili">Panchavarna Kili</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalangarai_Vilakkam" title="Kalangarai Vilakkam">Kalangarai Vilakkam</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Anbu_Karangal" title="Anbu Karangal">Anbu Karangal</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandrodayam" title="Chandrodayam">Chandrodayam</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Gowri_Kalyanam" title="Gowri Kalyanam">Gowri Kalyanam</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Kudiyirundha_Koyil" title="Kudiyirundha Koyil">Kudiyirundha Koyil</a></i> (1968)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Kallum_Kaniyagum" title="Kallum Kaniyagum">Kallum Kaniyagum</a></i> (1968)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Adimai_Penn" title="Adimai Penn">Adimai Penn</a></i> (1969)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sachaai" title="Sachaai">Sachaai</a></i> (1969)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koi_Ghulam_Nahi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koi Ghulam Nahi (page does not exist)">Koi Ghulam Nahi</a></i> (1970)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Parde_Ke_Peechey" title="Parde Ke Peechey">Parde Ke Peechey</a></i> (1971)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bandagi" title="Bandagi">Bandagi</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shehzada" title="Shehzada">Shehzada</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rickshawala" title="Rickshawala">Rickshawala</a></i> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chhote_Sarkar_(1974_film)" title="Chhote Sarkar (1974 film)">Chhote Sarkar</a></i> (1974)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pallandu_Vaazhga" title="Pallandu Vaazhga">Pallandu Vaazhga</a></i> (1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Raaja" title="Raaja">Raaja</a></i> (1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Uzhaikkum_Karangal" title="Uzhaikkum Karangal">Uzhaikkum Karangal</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Indru_Pol_Endrum_Vaazhga" title="Indru Pol Endrum Vaazhga">Indru Pol Endrum Vaazhga</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sthree_Janmam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sthree Janmam (page does not exist)">Sthree Janmam</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Varuvan_Vadivelan" title="Varuvan Vadivelan">Varuvan Vadivelan</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayasu_Ponnu" title="Vayasu Ponnu">Vayasu Ponnu</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sundarimaarude_Swapnangal" title="Sundarimaarude Swapnangal">Sundarimaarude Swapnangal</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prathyaksha_Deivam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prathyaksha Deivam (page does not exist)">Prathyaksha Deivam</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kungumam_Kathai_Solgirathu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kungumam Kathai Solgirathu (page does not exist)">Kungumam Kathai Solgirathu</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Srungara_Ramudu" title="Srungara Ramudu">Srungara Ramudu</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprabatham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprabatham (page does not exist)">Suprabatham</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neelakadalin_Orathile&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neelakadalin Orathile (page does not exist)">Neelakadalin Orathile</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangala_Vaathiyam" title="Mangala Vaathiyam">Mangala Vaathiyam</a></i> (1979)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Dharisanam" title="Devi Dharisanam">Devi Dharisanam</a></i> (1980)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bala_Nagamma_(1981_film)" title="Bala Nagamma (1981 film)">Bala Nagamma</a></i> (1981)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Erattai_Manithan" title="Erattai Manithan">Erattai Manithan</a></i> (1981)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaai_Mookaambikai" title="Thaai Mookaambikai">Thaai Mookaambikai</a></i> (1982)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Miruthanga_Chakravarthi" title="Miruthanga Chakravarthi">Miruthanga Chakravarthi</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamirukka_Bayamen_(film)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamirukka Bayamen (film) (page does not exist)">Yamirukka Bayamen</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ezhuthatha_Sattangal" title="Ezhuthatha Sattangal">Ezhuthatha Sattangal</a></i> (1984)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiranjeevi_(1984_film)" title="Chiranjeevi (1984 film)">Chiranjeevi</a></i> (1984)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rishi" title="Raja Rishi">Raja Rishi</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Navagraha_Nayagi" title="Navagraha Nayagi">Navagraha Nayagi</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Aayiram_Kannudayaal" title="Aayiram Kannudayaal">Aayiram Kannudayaal</a></i> (1986)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nambinar_Keduvathillai" title="Nambinar Keduvathillai">Nambinar Keduvathillai</a></i> (1986)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mupperum_Deviyar" title="Mupperum Deviyar">Mupperum Deviyar</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Velundu Vinaiyillai</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Thambi_Thanga_Kambi" title="Thambi Thanga Kambi">Thambi Thanga Kambi</a></i> (1988)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Thiruvilayadal" title="Meenakshi Thiruvilayadal">Meenakshi Thiruvilayadal</a></i> (1989)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabarimalayil_Thanka_Sooryodayam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabarimalayil Thanka Sooryodayam (page does not exist)">Sabarimalayil Thanka Sooryodayam</a></i> (1992)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saranam_Saranam_Manikanta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saranam Saranam Manikanta (page does not exist)">Saranam Saranam Manikanta</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Manikantana_Mahime" title="Manikantana Mahime">Manikantana Mahime</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swamy_Ayyappa_Sabarimalai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Swamy Ayyappa Sabarimalai (page does not exist)">Swamy Ayyappa Sabarimalai</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nallathe_Nadakkum" title="Nallathe Nadakkum">Nallathe Nadakkum</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetri_Vinayakar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vetri Vinayakar (page does not exist)">Vetri Vinayakar</a></i> (1996)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Herbert E. Wolfe</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div>
<p><b>Herbert E. Wolfe</b> (1917-1981) was an American businessman, banker, philanthropist, farmer, and mayor of St. Augustine, Florida.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Business"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Business</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Political_life"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Political life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Personal_life_and_legacy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life and legacy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_E._Wolfe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Herbert Edward Wolfe was born on November 3, 1897, in <a href="/wiki/Goodlettsville,_Tennessee" title="Goodlettsville, Tennessee">Goodlettsville, Tennessee</a>, the oldest of eight brothers. He went to Tennessee public schools but did not go to college. In 1917, he and his family moved to a potato farm in Elkton, a small town near <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> He moved into the city in 1924 when he purchased <a href="/wiki/Markland_(St._Augustine,_Florida)" title="Markland (St. Augustine, Florida)">Markland</a> from the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anderson_(St._Augustine,_Florida)" title="Andrew Anderson (St. Augustine, Florida)">Andrew Anderson</a>, and lived there for three decades.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Business">Business</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_E._Wolfe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Business">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 1923, Wolfe started the H.E. Wolfe Construction Company, which constructed road work in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Between 1926 and 1956 Wolfe organized the San Marco Contracting Company.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> He served as president and chairman of the board of Rogers Manufacturing Company, which made heavy trailers and truck bodies. He served as a director with and vice president of the <a href="/wiki/Florida_East_Coast_Railway" title="Florida East Coast Railway">Florida East Coast Railway</a>, and he served on the Florida Industrial Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg/220px-Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg/330px-Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg/440px-Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="889" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Exchange_Bank_St._Augustine.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Exchange Bank of St. Augustine</div></div></div>
<p>In addition to his farming and construction business, Herbert Wolfe was also heavily involved in the banking industry in Northeast Florida. He organized three separate Exchange Banks: the Exchange Bank of St. Augustine opened in 1934, the Hastings Exchange Bank in <a href="/wiki/Hastings,_Florida" title="Hastings, Florida">Hastings, Florida</a> opened in 1950, and the Exchange Bank of Palatka in <a href="/wiki/Palatka,_Florida" title="Palatka, Florida">Palatka, Florida</a> opened in 1956. In St. Augustine he served as officer and chairman, in Hastings as a director, and in Palatka as president and chairman of the board.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> The St. Augustine and Hastings banks eventually became part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_National_Bank" title="Atlantic National Bank">Atlantic National Bank</a> in Jacksonville,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> while the Palatka branch was sold in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_life">Political life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_E._Wolfe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Political life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>For four years (19441948) Wolfe served on the city commission of St. Augustine. In 1948 he was mayor of St. Augustine.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> He was involved in successful political campaigns for Florida senators; he served as campaign treasurer for both <a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a> in his 1950 campaign and <a href="/wiki/Spessard_Holland" title="Spessard Holland">Spessard Holland</a> in his 1959 campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life_and_legacy">Personal life and legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_E._Wolfe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and legacy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Wolfe married his wife Virgie Phelan Parrish in 1917 and they adopted three children; Helen, Marshall, and Charles. He was a member of many community organizations including the <a href="/wiki/Kiwanis_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiwanis Club">Kiwanis Club</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Newcomen_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Newcomen Society of the United States">Newcomen Society of North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a> bodies, Morocco Temple, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Jesters" title="Royal Order of Jesters">Royal Order of Jesters</a>, and St. Augustine Shrine Club.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> In 1967 Wolfe received the first <a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary</a> Community Service Award for outstanding contributions to the community.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Wolfe was the second person to receive the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_La_Florida" title="Order of La Florida">Order of La Florida</a> from the City of St. Augustine in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>During his lifetime he served on the board of many local, state, and national organizations including the Florida State Chamber of Commerce, the American Fire and Casualty Company, <a href="/wiki/Flagler_Hospital" title="Flagler Hospital">Flagler Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lightner_Museum" title="Lightner Museum">Lightner Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flagler_College" title="Flagler College">Flagler College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Southern_College" title="Florida Southern College">Florida Southern College</a>, the Florida Industrial Commission, the Children's Home Society in Jacksonville, the Eastern States Brangus Association, the Department of Defense Small Business Advisory Committee, and the National Highway Safety Committee under <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">President Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In St. Augustine, he was known for championing historic preservation efforts. He was the first chairman of the St. Augustine Historical Restoration and Preservation Commission (later to become the <a href="/wiki/Historic_St._Augustine_Preservation_Board" title="Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board">Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board</a>) as well as chairman of the Federal Quadricentennial Committee appointed by <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">President John F. Kennedy.</a> In 1969 he resigned from the Preservation Commission due to health problems.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Wolfe died on March 3, 1981, at <a href="/wiki/Flagler_Hospital" title="Flagler Hospital">Flagler Hospital</a> in St. Augustine, Florida, at the age of 83.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The Herbert E. Wolfe Papers are housed at the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine Historical Society">St. Augustine Historical Society</a> Research Library in St. Augustine.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHS1993_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHS1993-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_E._Wolfe&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8584143/herbert_e_wolfe_obituary_351981/">"Herbert E Wolfe obituary 3"</a>. <i>The Tennessean</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&amp;rft.atitle=Herbert+E+Wolfe+obituary+3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F8584143%2Fherbert_e_wolfe_obituary_351981%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMiner1969" class="citation news cs1">Miner, R.P. (March 15, 1969). "Shrine Class of Candidates To Be Named For Herbert E. Wolfe". <i>The St. Augustine Record</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+St.+Augustine+Record&amp;rft.atitle=Shrine+Class+of+Candidates+To+Be+Named+For+Herbert+E.+Wolfe&amp;rft.date=1969-03-15&amp;rft.aulast=Miner&amp;rft.aufirst=R.P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historiccity.com/2011/staugustine/news/florida/landmark-cathedral-place-office-building-12022">"Landmark: Cathedral Place Office Building"</a>. <i>Historic City News</i>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Historic+City+News&amp;rft.atitle=Landmark%3A+Cathedral+Place+Office+Building&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoriccity.com%2F2011%2Fstaugustine%2Fnews%2Fflorida%2Flandmark-cathedral-place-office-building-12022&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1">"Business, Civic Leader Herbert E. Wolfe Dies". <i>The St. Augustine Record</i>. March 4, 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+St.+Augustine+Record&amp;rft.atitle=Business%2C+Civic+Leader+Herbert+E.+Wolfe+Dies&amp;rft.date=1981-03-04&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDrane1964" class="citation news cs1">Drane, Hank (November 11, 1964). "Herbert Wolfe Lives By American Dream". <i>Florida Times-Union</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Florida+Times-Union&amp;rft.atitle=Herbert+Wolfe+Lives+By+American+Dream&amp;rft.date=1964-11-11&amp;rft.aulast=Drane&amp;rft.aufirst=Hank&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKing1967" class="citation news cs1">King, Tom (October 6, 1967). "H.E. Wolfe, Frank D. Upchurch Sr. Are Recipients Of Service Award". <i>The St. Augustine Record</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+St.+Augustine+Record&amp;rft.atitle=H.E.+Wolfe%2C+Frank+D.+Upchurch+Sr.+Are+Recipients+Of+Service+Award&amp;rft.date=1967-10-06&amp;rft.aulast=King&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1">"City Honors Wolfe, Highest Award Bestowed". <i>The St. Augustine Record</i>. February 15, 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+St.+Augustine+Record&amp;rft.atitle=City+Honors+Wolfe%2C+Highest+Award+Bestowed&amp;rft.date=1977-02-15&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1969" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Herbert (August 6, 1969). <i>Letter from Herbert E. Wolfe to Governor Claude G. Kirk</i>. St. Augustine, Florida.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Letter+from+Herbert+E.+Wolfe+to+Governor+Claude+G.+Kirk&amp;rft.place=St.+Augustine%2C+Florida&amp;rft.date=1969-08-06&amp;rft.aulast=Wolfe&amp;rft.aufirst=Herbert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SAHS1993-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAHS1993_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220035432/https://sahs.pastperfectonline.com/archive/D770AAAE-DD01-4482-9A5F-673947422605">"H. E. Wolfe Papers (18971981) MC12"</a>. <i>sahs.pastperfectonline.com</i>. April 1993. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sahs.pastperfectonline.com/archive/D770AAAE-DD01-4482-9A5F-673947422605">the original</a> on 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sahs.pastperfectonline.com&amp;rft.atitle=H.+E.+Wolfe+Papers+%281897%E2%80%931981%29+MC12&amp;rft.date=1993-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsahs.pastperfectonline.com%2Farchive%2FD770AAAE-DD01-4482-9A5F-673947422605&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerbert+E.+Wolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">David Fuller (politician)</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div>
<p><b>David Edward Fuller</b> (July 28, 1941 February 5, 2022) was an American politician from <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Fuller_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Fuller was born in <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena, Montana</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Helena_High_School" title="Helena High School">Helena Senior High School</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montana" title="University of Montana">University of Montana</a>. Fuller served on the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_County,_Montana" title="Lewis and Clark County, Montana">Lewis and Clark</a> County Commission and was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>. He also served in the <a href="/wiki/Montana_Senate" title="Montana Senate">Montana Senate</a> from 1983 to 1987.
</p><p>Fuller died in Helena on February 5, 2022, at age 80 from <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>-related symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-legacy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legacy-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Fuller_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helenafunerals.com/obituaries/David-Fuller-19/">David Edward Fuller-obituary</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-legacy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-legacy_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/helenair/name/david-fuller-obituary?id=32955919">"David Fuller Obituary (1941 2022) East Helena, MT Helena Independent Record"</a>. <i>legacy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=legacy.com&amp;rft.atitle=David+Fuller+Obituary+%281941+%E2%80%93+2022%29+%E2%80%93+East+Helena%2C+MT+%E2%80%93+Helena+Independent+Record&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fus%2Fobituaries%2Fhelenair%2Fname%2Fdavid-fuller-obituary%3Fid%3D32955919&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Fuller+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Unsprung mass</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsprung_mass&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Unsprung+mass%22">"Unsprung mass"</a>&#160;&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Unsprung+mass%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Unsprung+mass%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Unsprung+mass%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Unsprung+mass%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Unsprung+mass%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Car_diagram.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Car_diagram.jpg/300px-Car_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Car_diagram.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="189" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Car_diagram.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>In this simplified diagram the wheels, tires, and suspension are all part of the vehicle's unsprung weight, with only its one-piece chassis/body constituting its sprung weight</div></div></div>
<p>The <b>unsprung mass</b> (colloquially <b>unsprung weight</b>) of a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">suspension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheels</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">tracks</a> (as applicable), and other components directly connected to them. This contrasts with the <a href="/wiki/Sprung_mass" title="Sprung mass">sprung mass</a> (or weight) supported by the suspension, which includes the body and other components within or attached to it. Components of the unsprung mass include the wheel <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axles</a>, wheel <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">bearings</a>, wheel hubs, <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a>, and a portion of the weight of <a href="/wiki/Driveshaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Driveshaft">driveshafts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shock_absorber" title="Shock absorber">shock absorbers</a>, and suspension links. <a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">Brakes</a> that are mounted <a href="/wiki/Inboard_brake" title="Inboard brake">inboard</a> (i.e. as on the drive shaft, and not part of the wheel or its hub) are part of a vehicle's sprung mass.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Effects"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Effects</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Unsprung_mass_and_vehicle_design"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Unsprung mass and vehicle design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Effects">Effects</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsprung_mass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Effects">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The unsprung mass of a typical wheel/tire combination represents a trade-off between the pair's bump-absorbing/road-tracking ability and vibration isolation. Bumps and surface imperfections in the road cause tire compression, inducing a force on the unsprung mass. The unsprung mass then reacts to this force with movement of its own. The motion amplitude for small duration and amplitude bumps is inversely proportional to the weight. A lighter wheel which readily rebounds from road bumps will have more grip and more constant grip when tracking over an imperfect road. For this reason, lighter wheels are sought especially for high-performance applications. However, the lighter wheel will soak up less vibration. The irregularities of the road surface will transfer to the cabin through the suspension and hence <a href="/wiki/Ride_quality" title="Ride quality">ride quality</a> and road noise are worse. For longer duration bumps that the wheels follow, greater unsprung mass causes more energy to be absorbed by the wheels and makes the ride worse.
</p><p>Pneumatic or elastic tires help by restoring some spring to the (otherwise) unsprung mass, but the damping possible from tire flexibility is limited by considerations of fuel economy and overheating. The shock absorbers, if any, also damp the spring motion and must be less stiff than would optimally damp the wheel bounce. So the wheels still vibrate after each bump before coming to rest. On dirt roads and on some softly paved roads, the induced motion generates small bumps, known as corrugations, <a href="/wiki/Washboarding" title="Washboarding">washboarding</a> or "corduroy" because they resemble smaller versions of the bumps in roads made of logs. These cause sustained wheel bounce in subsequent axles, enlarging the bumps.
</p><p>High unsprung mass also exacerbates wheel control issues under hard acceleration or braking. If the vehicle does not have adequate wheel location in the vertical plane (such as a <a href="/wiki/Rear-wheel_drive" title="Rear-wheel drive">rear-wheel drive</a> car with <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_drive" title="Hotchkiss drive">Hotchkiss drive</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Live_axle" class="mw-redirect" title="Live axle">live axle</a> supported by simple <a href="/wiki/Leaf_spring" title="Leaf spring">leaf springs</a>), vertical forces exerted by acceleration or hard braking combined with high unsprung mass can lead to severe wheel hop, compromising traction and steering control.
</p><p>A beneficial effect of unsprung mass is that high frequency road irregularities, such as the gravel in an asphalt or concrete road surface, are isolated from the body more completely because the tires and springs act as separate <a href="/wiki/Electronic_filter" title="Electronic filter">filter</a> stages, with the unsprung mass tending to uncouple them.
Likewise, sound and vibration isolation is improved (at the expense of handling), in production automobiles, by the use of rubber bushings between the frame and suspension, by any flexibility in the frame or body work, and by the flexibility of the seats.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Unsprung_mass_and_vehicle_design">Unsprung mass and vehicle design</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsprung_mass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Unsprung mass and vehicle design">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Unsprung mass is a consideration in the design of a vehicle's suspension and the materials chosen for its components. <a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">Beam axle</a> suspensions, in which wheels on opposite sides are connected as a rigid unit, generally have greater unsprung mass than <a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">independent suspension</a> systems, in which the wheels are suspended and allowed to move separately. Heavy components such as the <a href="/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)" title="Differential (mechanical device)">differential</a> can be made part of the sprung mass by connecting them directly to the body (as in a <a href="/wiki/De_Dion_tube" title="De Dion tube">de Dion tube</a> rear suspension). Lightweight materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber">carbon fiber</a>, and/or hollow components can provide further weight reductions at the expense of greater cost and/or fragility.
</p><p>The term 'unsprung mass' was coined by the mathematician Albert Healey of the <a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Pneumatic_Tyre_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company">Dunlop tyre company</a>. He presented one of the first lectures taking a rigid analytical approach to suspension design, 'The Tyre as a part of the Suspension System' to the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Automobile_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Institution of Automobile Engineers">Institution of Automobile Engineers</a> in November 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> This lecture was published as a 100-page paper.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Inboard_brake" title="Inboard brake">Inboard brakes</a> can significantly reduce unsprung mass, but put more load on half axles and (constant velocity) <a href="/wiki/Universal_joint" title="Universal joint">universal joints</a>, and require space that may not be easily accommodated. If located next to a differential or transaxle, <a href="/wiki/Waste_heat" title="Waste heat">waste heat</a> from the brakes may overheat the differential or vice versa, particularly in hard use, such as racing. They also make anti-dive suspension characteristics harder to achieve because the moment created by braking does not act on the suspension arms.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chapman_strut" title="Chapman strut">Chapman strut</a> used the driveshafts as suspension arms, thus requiring only the weight of one component rather than two. <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_independent_rear_suspension" title="Jaguar independent rear suspension">Jaguar's patented independent rear suspension</a> (IRS) similarly reduced unsprung mass by replacing the upper wishbone arms of the suspension with the drive shafts, as well as mounting the brakes inboard in some versions.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Motor_scooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor scooter">Scooter</a>-type motorcycles use an integrated engine-gearbox-final drive system that pivots as part of the rear suspension and hence is partly unsprung. This arrangement is linked to the use of quite small wheels, further affecting their poor reputation for road-holding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsprung_mass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sprung_mass" title="Sprung mass">Sprung mass</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsprung_mass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTompkins1981" class="citation book cs1">Tompkins, Eric (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofpneumat0000tomp/page/55">"9: The Beginnings of Tyre Science"</a>. <i>The History of the Pneumatic Tyre</i>. Dunlop Archive Project. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofpneumat0000tomp/page/55">55</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903214-14-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-903214-14-8"><bdi>0-903214-14-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=9%3A+The+Beginnings+of+Tyre+Science&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Pneumatic+Tyre&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.pub=Dunlop+Archive+Project&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.isbn=0-903214-14-8&amp;rft.aulast=Tompkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofpneumat0000tomp%2Fpage%2F55&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnsprung+mass" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHealey1925" class="citation journal cs1">Healey, Albert 3 (1925). "The Tyre as a part of the Suspension System". <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Institution_of_Automobile_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Institution of Automobile Engineers">Proc. Inst.</a></i> London: <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Automobile_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Institution of Automobile Engineers">Institution of Automobile Engineers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proc.+Inst.&amp;rft.atitle=The+Tyre+as+a+part+of+the+Suspension+System&amp;rft.date=1925&amp;rft.aulast=Healey&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert+3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnsprung+mass" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsprung_mass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_handling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_handling" title="Template:Automotive handling"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_handling" title="Template talk:Automotive handling"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Automotive_handling&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_handling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Automotive handling</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_handling" title="Automobile handling">Car handling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass" title="Center of mass">Center of mass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Downforce" title="Downforce">Downforce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">Drifting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_stability_control" title="Electronic stability control">Electronic Stability Control</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishtailing" title="Fishtailing">Fishtailing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inboard_brake" title="Inboard brake">Inboard brake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Understeer_and_oversteer" title="Understeer and oversteer">Oversteer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steering" title="Steering">Steering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">Suspension</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tire / Tyre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transaxle" title="Transaxle">Transaxle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Understeer_and_oversteer" title="Understeer and oversteer">Understeer</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unsprung mass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_dynamics" title="Vehicle dynamics">Vehicle dynamics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weight_transfer" title="Weight transfer">Weight transfer</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">Spring</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coil_spring" title="Coil spring">Coil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_spring" title="Leaf spring">Leaf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Air_suspension" title="Air suspension">Pneumatic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Torsion_spring" title="Torsion spring">Torsion</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">Suspension</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">Beam axle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/De_Dion_tube" title="De Dion tube">De Dion tube</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semi-independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twist-beam_rear_suspension" title="Twist-beam rear suspension">Twist beam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_wishbone_suspension" title="Double wishbone suspension">Double wishbone</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Jaguar_independent_rear_suspension" title="Jaguar independent rear suspension">Jaguar IRS</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet_suspension" title="Dubonnet suspension">Dubonnet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MacPherson_strut" title="MacPherson strut">MacPherson strut</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Chapman_strut" title="Chapman strut">Chapman strut</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Multi-link_suspension" title="Multi-link suspension">Multi-link</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sliding_pillar_suspension" title="Sliding pillar suspension">Sliding pillar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swing_axle" title="Swing axle">Swing axle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trailing_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Trailing arm">Trailing arm</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Semi-trailing_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-trailing arm">Semi-trailing arm</a>)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Powertrain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Powertrain" title="Template:Powertrain"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Powertrain" title="Template talk:Powertrain"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Powertrain&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Powertrain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Powertrain">Powertrain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Part_of_the_Automobile_series"><i>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobile</a> series</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_engine" title="Automotive engine">Automotive engine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle" title="Fuel cell vehicle">Fuel cell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">Plug-in hybrid</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Petrol engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_steam_road_vehicles" title="History of steam road vehicles">Steam engine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">Transmission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_transmission" title="Automatic transmission">Automatic transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chain_drive#Automobiles" title="Chain drive">Chain drive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_mechanism" title="Direct-drive mechanism">Direct-drive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clutch" title="Clutch">Clutch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constant-velocity_joint" title="Constant-velocity joint">Constant-velocity joint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Continuously_variable_transmission" title="Continuously variable transmission">Continuously variable transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coupling" title="Coupling">Coupling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)" title="Differential (mechanical device)">Differential</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Direct-shift_gearbox" title="Direct-shift gearbox">Direct-shift gearbox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drive_shaft" title="Drive shaft">Drive shaft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission" title="Dual-clutch transmission">Dual-clutch transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission" title="Automated manual transmission">Automated manual transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electrorheological_clutch" title="Electrorheological clutch">Electrorheological clutch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Epicyclic_gearing" title="Epicyclic gearing">Epicyclic gearing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_coupling" title="Fluid coupling">Fluid coupling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Friction_drive" title="Friction drive">Friction drive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gear_stick" title="Gear stick">Gearshift</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Giubo" title="Giubo">Giubo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_drive" title="Hotchkiss drive">Hotchkiss drive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Limited-slip_differential" title="Limited-slip differential">Limited-slip differential</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Locking_differential" title="Locking differential">Locking differential</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">Manual transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manumatic" title="Manumatic">Manumatic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parking_pawl" title="Parking pawl">Parking pawl</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Park_by_wire" title="Park by wire">Park-by-wire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Preselector_gearbox" title="Preselector gearbox">Preselector gearbox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission" title="Semi-automatic transmission">Semi-automatic transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shift-by-wire" title="Shift-by-wire">Shift-by-wire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Torque_converter" title="Torque converter">Torque converter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transaxle" title="Transaxle">Transaxle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_control_unit" title="Transmission control unit">Transmission control unit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Universal_joint" title="Universal joint">Universal joint</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wheels and tires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_hub_assembly" title="Wheel hub assembly">Wheel hub assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rim_(wheel)" title="Rim (wheel)">Rim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alloy_wheel" title="Alloy wheel">Alloy wheel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hubcap" title="Hubcap">Hubcap</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tire</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_tire" title="Off-road tire">Off-road</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Racing_slick" title="Racing slick">Racing slick</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Radial_tire" title="Radial tire">Radial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rain_tyre" title="Rain tyre">Rain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Run-flat_tire" title="Run-flat tire">Run-flat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Snow_tire" title="Snow tire">Snow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spare_tire" title="Spare tire">Spare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tubeless_tire" title="Tubeless tire">Tubeless</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain" title="Hybrid vehicle drivetrain">Hybrid vehicle drivetrain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">Electric generator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alternator" title="Alternator">Alternator</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Samu Kerevi</h1>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rugby player</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title"><div class="fn">Samu Kerevi</div></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Samu_Kerevi_2018.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Samu Kerevi 2018.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Samu_Kerevi_2018.jpg/220px-Samu_Kerevi_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Samu_Kerevi_2018.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="452" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data">Samuela Kerevi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Date of birth</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1993-09-27</span>) </span>27 September 1993<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;28)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Place of birth</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viseisei" title="Viseisei">Viseisei</a>, Fiji</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">1.86&#160;m (6&#160;ft 1&#160;in) <sup id="cite_ref-Fiji_Times_2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiji_Times_2012-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">108&#160;kg (17&#160;st 0&#160;lb) <sup id="cite_ref-Fiji_Times_2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiji_Times_2012-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">School</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_State_High_School" title="Brisbane State High School">Brisbane State High School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable relative(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radike_Samo" title="Radike Samo">Radike Samo</a> (cousin)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Rugby union career</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><b>Position(s)</b></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<a href="/wiki/Centre_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre (rugby union)">Centre</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0ffff;">Senior career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><b>Years</b></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>Apps</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>(Points)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;">20142019 <br /> 2020</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<a href="/wiki/Brisbane_City_(rugby_team)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane City (rugby team)">Brisbane City</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Suntory_Sungoliath" class="mw-redirect" title="Suntory Sungoliath">Suntory Sungoliath</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
19 <br /> 13</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(70) <br /> (45)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-full-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; font-size: 80%; color: #555; text-align: left;">Correct&#160;as of 21 September 2021</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0ffff;">Super Rugby</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><b>Years</b></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>Apps</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>(Points)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;">20142019</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<a href="/wiki/Queensland_Reds" title="Queensland Reds">Reds</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
73</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(130)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-full-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; font-size: 80%; color: #555; text-align: left;">Correct&#160;as of 21 September 2021</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0ffff;">National team(s)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><b>Years</b></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>Apps</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>(Points)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight: normal;">2012 <br /> 2016</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<a href="/wiki/Fiji_national_under-20_rugby_union_team" title="Fiji national under-20 rugby union team">Fiji U20</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australia</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
5<br />36</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(15)<br />(30)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-full-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; font-size: 80%; color: #555; text-align: left;">Correct&#160;as of 19 September 2021</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Samu Kerevi</b> (born 27 September 1993) is a Fijian-born Australian <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> player currently playing for <a href="/wiki/Suntory_Sungoliath" class="mw-redirect" title="Suntory Sungoliath">Suntory Sungoliath</a> in the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Top_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Top League">Top League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> His usual position is <a href="/wiki/Centre_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre (rugby union)">centre</a>. He previously played for the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Reds" title="Queensland Reds">Queensland Reds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a> and has played for the <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australian national team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-signs-reds_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signs-reds-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Family_and_early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Family and early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Rugby_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Rugby career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Reference_list"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Reference list</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_and_early_life">Family and early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samu_Kerevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Family and early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Samuela Kerevi was born in <a href="/wiki/Viseisei" title="Viseisei">Viseisei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>. He moved with his family to Australia at aged 4.<sup id="cite_ref-FijiLive_2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FijiLive_2012-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> His father, Nimilote Kerevi, is a former Fiji international soccer player. His brother Josua Kerevi has also played representative rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-FijiLive_2012_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FijiLive_2012-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Kerevi attended <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_State_High_School" title="Brisbane State High School">Brisbane State High School</a>, and represented Queensland at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Schoolboys_rugby_union_team#Australian_Schools_Rugby_Championships" title="Australian Schoolboys rugby union team">Australian Schools Rugby Championships</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-QRFSU_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QRFSU_2011-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Kerevi obtained Australian citizenship in August 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Rugby_career">Rugby career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samu_Kerevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Rugby career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 2012, Samu Kerevi (his ref name was Musashi) played Premier Rugby for <a href="/wiki/GPS_Rugby" title="GPS Rugby">GPS Old Boys</a> in Brisbane.<sup id="cite_ref-Musashi_2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musashi_2012-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> He was selected alongside his brother Josua in the <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Rugby_Union#Other_teams" title="Fiji Rugby Union">Fiji Under-20</a> team for the <a href="/wiki/2012_IRB_Junior_World_Championship" title="2012 IRB Junior World Championship">2012 IRB Junior World Championship</a> in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Fiji_Times_2012_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiji_Times_2012-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> In the opening pool match against Wales, he scored the first try of the tournament and he followed that up with a double against Samoa.<sup id="cite_ref-FBC_2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBC_2011-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Kerevi was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Rugby Union">ARU</a>'s National Academy in 2012 and 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-academy-2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academy-2012-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-academy-2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academy-2013-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> He was selected for <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_under-20_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national under-20 rugby union team">Australia Under-20</a> to play in the <a href="/wiki/2013_IRB_Junior_World_Championship" title="2013 IRB Junior World Championship">2013 IRB Junior World Championship</a> in France, but was unable to take part due to a shoulder injury.<sup id="cite_ref-signs-reds_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signs-reds-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aus-U20_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus-U20-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2013, he signed an extended player squad contract with the Queensland Reds for the 2014 Super Rugby season.<sup id="cite_ref-signs-reds_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signs-reds-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Courier-Mail_2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courier-Mail_2013-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2016, he was included in the 33-member <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australia</a> team for the <a href="/wiki/2016_England_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia" title="2016 England rugby union tour of Australia">2016 England rugby union tour of Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-foxs_Wall_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxs_Wall-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> He made his debut at <a href="/wiki/Inside_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Inside centre">inside centre</a> against <a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team" title="England national rugby union team">England</a>, in the defeat in Brisbane. Australia would go on to be white-washed in the series 3-0.
</p><p>Kerevi continues to play regularly for the Australian team and featured in their squad for the <a href="/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2019 Rugby World Cup">2019 Rugby World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> Following the world cup Kerevi signed with Japanese club <a href="/wiki/Suntory_Sungoliath" class="mw-redirect" title="Suntory Sungoliath">Suntory Sungoliath</a> who he is currently playing for in the <a href="/wiki/Top_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Top League">Top League</a>.
</p><p>Kerevi was a member of the Australian men's rugby seven's squad at the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_2020_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo 2020 Olympics">Tokyo 2020 Olympics</a>. The team came third in their pool round and then lost to Fiji 19-nil in the quarterfinal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics">Full details</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reference_list">Reference list</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samu_Kerevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Reference list">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Fiji_Times_2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fiji_Times_2012_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fiji_Times_2012_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fiji_Times_2012_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFNarawa2012" class="citation news cs1">Narawa, Emoni (31 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=202705">"Brothers in arms"</a>. <i>Fiji Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104184842/http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=202705">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Fiji+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Brothers+in+arms&amp;rft.date=2012-05-31&amp;rft.aulast=Narawa&amp;rft.aufirst=Emoni&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D202705&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com.au/rugby/story/_/id/26967477/samu-kerevi-confirms-japan-deal">"Samu Kerevi confirms Japan deal"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>. 13 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&amp;rft.atitle=Samu+Kerevi+confirms+Japan+deal&amp;rft.date=2019-06-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com.au%2Frugby%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F26967477%2Fsamu-kerevi-confirms-japan-deal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-signs-reds-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-signs-reds_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-signs-reds_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-signs-reds_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fijirugby.com/pages.cfm/fru-news?newsid=kerevi-signs-with-reds">"Kerevi Signs with Reds"</a>. <i>fijirugby.com</i>. 1 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6KstYXczW?url=http://www.fijirugby.com/pages.cfm/fru-news/kerevi-signs-with-reds.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fijirugby.com&amp;rft.atitle=Kerevi+Signs+with+Reds&amp;rft.date=2013-08-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijirugby.com%2Fpages.cfm%2Ffru-news%3Fnewsid%3Dkerevi-signs-with-reds&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FijiLive_2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FijiLive_2012_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FijiLive_2012_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fijilive.com/sports/rugby/news/2012/06//27438.Fijilive">"Sorovaki names Fiji U20s team for Wales"</a>. <i>fijilive.com</i>. 4 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6KstdIm1U?url=http://fijilive.com/sports/rugby/news/2012/06//27438.Fijilive">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fijilive.com&amp;rft.atitle=Sorovaki+names+Fiji+U20s+team+for+Wales&amp;rft.date=2012-06-04&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffijilive.com%2Fsports%2Frugby%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F%2F27438.Fijilive&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-QRFSU_2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QRFSU_2011_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929094518/http://qrfsu.rugbynet.com.au/default.asp?id=183648">"Queensland Schoolboys Teams 2011"</a>. <i>QRFSU</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qrfsu.rugbynet.com.au/default.asp?id=183648">the original</a> on 29 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=QRFSU&amp;rft.atitle=Queensland+Schoolboys+Teams+2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqrfsu.rugbynet.com.au%2Fdefault.asp%3Fid%3D183648&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPandaram" class="citation web cs1">Pandaram, Jamie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/rugby/after-a-long-battle-wallaby-samu-kerevi-finally-gains-australian-citizenship/news-story/c9329fd2a4bf041326adfc44b02cc577">"After a long battle, Wallaby Samu Kerevi finally gains Australian citizenship"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. News Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=After+a+long+battle%2C+Wallaby+Samu+Kerevi+finally+gains+Australian+citizenship&amp;rft.aulast=Pandaram&amp;rft.aufirst=Jamie&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fsport%2Frugby%2Fafter-a-long-battle-wallaby-samu-kerevi-finally-gains-australian-citizenship%2Fnews-story%2Fc9329fd2a4bf041326adfc44b02cc577&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Musashi_2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Musashi_2012_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redsrugby.com.au/PremierRugby/MusashiAward.aspx">"Musashi High Performer of the Week"</a>. <i>redsrugby.com.au</i>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019175034/http://www.redsrugby.com.au/PremierRugby/MusashiAward.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=redsrugby.com.au&amp;rft.atitle=Musashi+High+Performer+of+the+Week&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redsrugby.com.au%2FPremierRugby%2FMusashiAward.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FBC_2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FBC_2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fbc.com.fj/sports/2746/kerevi,-simolo-rated-in-top-20">"Kerevi, Simolo rated in top 20"</a>. <i>Fiji Broadcast Corporation</i>. 19 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6Ksu1xHAi?url=http://www.fbc.com.fj/sports/2746/kerevi,-simolo-rated-in-top-20">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Fiji+Broadcast+Corporation&amp;rft.atitle=Kerevi%2C+Simolo+rated+in+top+20&amp;rft.date=2012-06-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbc.com.fj%2Fsports%2F2746%2Fkerevi%2C-simolo-rated-in-top-20&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-academy-2012-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-academy-2012_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redsrugby.com.au/NewsEvents/NewsArticles/tabid/581/ArticleID/7821/Default.aspx">"National Academy U19 match at Ballymore on Saturday"</a>. redsrugby.com.au. 10 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=National+Academy+U19+match+at+Ballymore+on+Saturday&amp;rft.pub=redsrugby.com.au&amp;rft.date=2012-10-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redsrugby.com.au%2FNewsEvents%2FNewsArticles%2Ftabid%2F581%2FArticleID%2F7821%2FDefault.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-academy-2013-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-academy-2013_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rugby.com.au/News/NewsArticle/tabid/1699/ArticleID/8380/Default.aspx">"Australia's next generation set to face Reds College XV"</a>. rugby.com.au. 13 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104190243/http://www.rugby.com.au/News/NewsArticle/tabid/1699/ArticleID/8380/Default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Australia%27s+next+generation+set+to+face+Reds+College+XV&amp;rft.pub=rugby.com.au&amp;rft.date=2013-04-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rugby.com.au%2FNews%2FNewsArticle%2Ftabid%2F1699%2FArticleID%2F8380%2FDefault.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Aus-U20-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aus-U20_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rugby.com.au/Teams/AustralianU20s.aspx">"Australian Under 20s Squad"</a>. <i>rugby.com.au</i>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014215007/http://www.rugby.com.au/Teams/AustralianU20s.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=rugby.com.au&amp;rft.atitle=Australian+Under+20s+Squad&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rugby.com.au%2FTeams%2FAustralianU20s.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Courier-Mail_2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Courier-Mail_2013_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTucker2013" class="citation news cs1">Tucker, Jim (23 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/sport/rugby-gold/reds-need-to-rework-style-to-return-to-top-of-australian-rugby-pile/story-fndpu22x-1226683366472">"Reds need to rework style to return to top of Australian rugby pile"</a>. <i>Courier-Mail</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722200457/http://www.news.com.au/sport/rugby-gold/reds-need-to-rework-style-to-return-to-top-of-australian-rugby-pile/story-fndpu22x-1226683366472">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Courier-Mail&amp;rft.atitle=Reds+need+to+rework+style+to+return+to+top+of+Australian+rugby+pile&amp;rft.date=2013-07-23&amp;rft.aulast=Tucker&amp;rft.aufirst=Jim&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fsport%2Frugby-gold%2Freds-need-to-rework-style-to-return-to-top-of-australian-rugby-pile%2Fstory-fndpu22x-1226683366472&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-foxs_Wall-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foxs_Wall_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxsports.com.au/rugby/stirling-mortlock-argues-for-gigantic-wallabies-centres-combination-for-england-test-series/news-story/f88af110d6ac94ddd96b8b5d568574f1">"Wallabies v England Test series: Stirling Mortlock on centre dilemma"</a>. <i>Fox Sports</i>. 3 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fox+Sports&amp;rft.atitle=Wallabies+v+England+Test+series%3A+Stirling+Mortlock+on+centre+dilemma&amp;rft.date=2016-06-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxsports.com.au%2Frugby%2Fstirling-mortlock-argues-for-gigantic-wallabies-centres-combination-for-england-test-series%2Fnews-story%2Ff88af110d6ac94ddd96b8b5d568574f1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-23/wallabies-announce-rugby-world-cup-squad/11441186">"Wallabies place faith in experience for World Cup bid"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i>. 22 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&amp;rft.atitle=Wallabies+place+faith+in+experience+for+World+Cup+bid&amp;rft.date=2019-08-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-08-23%2Fwallabies-announce-rugby-world-cup-squad%2F11441186&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theroar.com.au/olympics/australian-olympic-team/">"Australian Olympic Team for Tokyo 2021"</a>. <i>The Roar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Roar&amp;rft.atitle=Australian+Olympic+Team+for+Tokyo+2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theroar.com.au%2Folympics%2Faustralian-olympic-team%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamu+Kerevi" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samu_Kerevi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itsrugby.fr/joueur_26340.html">Stats on itsrugby.fr</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tokyo_Sungoliath__current_squad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tokyo_Sungoliath_squad" title="Template:Tokyo Sungoliath squad"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tokyo_Sungoliath_squad" title="Template talk:Tokyo Sungoliath squad"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Tokyo_Sungoliath_squad&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tokyo_Sungoliath__current_squad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Sungoliath" title="Tokyo Sungoliath"><span style="color:#E9DA4D">Tokyo Sungoliath</span></a> &#8211; current squad</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px;width:1%">Forwards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kienori_Go&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kienori Go (page does not exist)">Kienori Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryuga_Hashimoto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryuga Hashimoto (page does not exist)">Ryuga Hashimoto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hockings" title="Harry Hockings">Harry Hockings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kosuke_Horikoshi" title="Kosuke Horikoshi">Kosuke Horikoshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koji_Iino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koji Iino (page does not exist)">Koji Iino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shintaro_Ishihara_(rugby_union)" title="Shintaro Ishihara (rugby union)">Shintaro Ishihara</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryosuki_Iwaihara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryosuki Iwaihara (page does not exist)">Ryosuki Iwaihara</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shinnosuke_Kakinaga" title="Shinnosuke Kakinaga">Shinnosuke Kakinaga</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tateo_Kanai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tateo Kanai (page does not exist)">Tateo Kanai</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasuaki_Katakura&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasuaki Katakura (page does not exist)">Yasuaki Katakura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Takuya_Kitade" title="Takuya Kitade">Takuya Kitade</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wataru_Kobayashi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wataru Kobayashi (page does not exist)">Wataru Kobayashi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Latta" title="Joe Latta">Joe Latta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sean_McMahon" title="Sean McMahon">Sean McMahon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Morikawa" title="Yukio Morikawa">Yukio Morikawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shunta_Nakamura_(rugby_union)" title="Shunta Nakamura (rugby union)">Shunta Nakamura</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kan_Nakano&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kan Nakano (page does not exist)">Kan Nakano</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sota_Oketani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sota Oketani (page does not exist)">Sota Oketani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naoki_Ozawa" title="Naoki Ozawa">Naoki Ozawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sanders_(rugby_union)" title="Tom Sanders (rugby union)">Tom Sanders</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Savage_(rugby_union)" title="Tom Savage (rugby union)">Tom Savage</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenji_Shimokawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenji Shimokawa (page does not exist)">Kenji Shimokawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genki_Sudo_(rugby_union)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genki Sudo (rugby union) (page does not exist)">Genki Sudo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Talakai" title="Sam Talakai">Sam Talakai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tevita_Tatafu" title="Tevita Tatafu">Tevita Tatafu</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takayasu_Tsuji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Takayasu Tsuji (page does not exist)">Takayasu Tsuji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Tui" title="Hendrik Tui">Hendrik Tui</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px;width:1%">Backs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Alofipo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Alofipo (page does not exist)">Tony Alofipo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shota_Emi" title="Shota Emi">Shota Emi</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samu Kerevi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Takahiro_Kimura_(rugby_union)" title="Takahiro Kimura (rugby union)">Takahiro Kimura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tevita_Li" title="Tevita Li">Tevita Li</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Damian_McKenzie" title="Damian McKenzie">Damian McKenzie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Keisuke_Moriya_(rugby_union)" title="Keisuke Moriya (rugby union)">Keisuke Moriya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daishi_Murata" title="Daishi Murata">Daishi Murata</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yutaka_Nagare" title="Yutaka Nagare">Yutaka Nagare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ryoto_Nakamura" title="Ryoto Nakamura">Ryoto Nakamura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shogo_Nakano" title="Shogo Nakano">Shogo Nakano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Nakazuru" title="Takaaki Nakazuru">Takaaki Nakazuru</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuhei_Narita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuhei Narita (page does not exist)">Shuhei Narita</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hideto_Niguma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hideto Niguma (page does not exist)">Hideto Niguma</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genki_Okoshi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genki Okoshi (page does not exist)">Genki Okoshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiya_Ozaki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seiya Ozaki (page does not exist)">Seiya Ozaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiga_Ozaki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiga Ozaki (page does not exist)">Taiga Ozaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naoto_Saito" title="Naoto Saito">Naoto Saito</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Stander" title="Joshua Stander">Joshua Stander</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Tamura" title="Hikaru Tamura">Hikaru Tamura</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenta_Tsukamoto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenta Tsukamoto (page does not exist)">Kenta Tsukamoto</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#201C1D; color:#E9DA4D; border:solid #C42F35 2px;width:1%">Coach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Haig" title="Milton Haig">Milton Haig</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australia_2020_Summer_Olympics_Squad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia_2020_Summer_Olympics_Squad" title="Template:Australia 2020 Summer Olympics Squad"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia_2020_Summer_Olympics_Squad" title="Template talk:Australia 2020 Summer Olympics Squad"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Australia_2020_Summer_Olympics_Squad&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australia_2020_Summer_Olympics_Squad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="Australia national rugby sevens team"><span style="color:#006629">Australia</span></a> <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics"><span style="color:#006629">2020 Summer Olympics</span></a> Squad</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629;width:1%">Forwards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lawson_(rugby_union)" title="Nathan Lawson (rugby union)">Nathan Lawson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pincus" title="Joe Pincus">Joe Pincus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Pietsch" title="Dylan Pietsch">Dylan Pietsch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Malouf" title="Nick Malouf">Nick Malouf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captain_(sports)" title="Captain (sports)">c</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lachie_Anderson" title="Lachie Anderson">Lachie Anderson</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629;width:1%">Backs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hutchison" title="Henry Hutchison">Henry Hutchison</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samu Kerevi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Roache" title="Dietrich Roache">Dietrich Roache</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lachie_Miller" title="Lachie Miller">Lachie Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Turner_(rugby_union)" title="Josh Turner (rugby union)">Josh Turner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Coward" title="Josh Coward">Josh Coward</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Longbottom" title="Maurice Longbottom">Maurice Longbottom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Holland" title="Lewis Holland">Lewis Holland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; border: 1px solid #006629;width:1%">Coach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walsh_(rugby_union)" title="Tim Walsh (rugby union)">Tim Walsh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australia_squad__2019_Rugby_World_Cup" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia_2019_Rugby_World_Cup_squad" title="Template:Australia 2019 Rugby World Cup squad"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia_2019_Rugby_World_Cup_squad" title="Template talk:Australia 2019 Rugby World Cup squad"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Australia_2019_Rugby_World_Cup_squad&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australia_squad__2019_Rugby_World_Cup" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team"><span style="color:#006629">Australia squad</span></a> <a href="/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2019 Rugby World Cup"><span style="color:#006629">2019 Rugby World Cup</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;;width:1%">Forwards:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Alaalatoa" title="Allan Alaalatoa">Alaalatoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Arnold" title="Rory Arnold">Arnold</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Coleman" title="Adam Coleman">Coleman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dempsey_(rugby_union)" title="Jack Dempsey (rugby union)">Dempsey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Folau_Fainga%27a" title="Folau Fainga&#39;a">Fainga'a</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hooper_(rugby_union)" title="Michael Hooper (rugby union)">Hooper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captain_(sports)" title="Captain (sports)">c</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sekope_Kepu" title="Sekope Kepu">Kepu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tolu_Latu" title="Tolu Latu">Latu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Isi_Naisarani" title="Isi Naisarani">Naisarani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Pocock" title="David Pocock">Pocock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Izack_Rodda" title="Izack Rodda">Rodda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lukhan_Salakaia-Loto" title="Lukhan Salakaia-Loto">Salakaia-Loto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Simmons_(rugby_union)" title="Rob Simmons (rugby union)">Simmons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Sio" title="Scott Sio">Sio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Slipper" title="James Slipper">Slipper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taniela_Tupou_(rugby_union)" title="Taniela Tupou (rugby union)">Tupou</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Uelese" title="Jordan Uelese">Uelese</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;;width:1%">Backs:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ashley-Cooper" title="Adam Ashley-Cooper">Ashley-Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kurtley_Beale" title="Kurtley Beale">Beale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Foley" title="Bernard Foley">Foley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Will_Genia" title="Will Genia">Genia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dane_Haylett-Petty" title="Dane Haylett-Petty">Haylett-Petty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reece_Hodge" title="Reece Hodge">Hodge</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerevi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marika_Koroibete" title="Marika Koroibete">Koroibete</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tevita_Kuridrani" title="Tevita Kuridrani">Kuridrani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Lealiifano" title="Christian Lealiifano">Lealiifano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Connor_(rugby_union)" title="James O&#39;Connor (rugby union)">O'Connor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Petaia" title="Jordan Petaia">Petaia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_To%27omua" title="Matt To&#39;omua">To'omua</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nic_White" title="Nic White">White</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFE605; color:#006629; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #006629, inset -1px -1px 0 #006629;;"><div><b>Head coach</b>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cheika" title="Michael Cheika"><span style="color:#006629">Cheika</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Albert M. Chan</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian actor</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Albert M. Chan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbertMChan.jpg" class="image"><img alt="AlbertMChan.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AlbertMChan.jpg/220px-AlbertMChan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AlbertMChan.jpg/330px-AlbertMChan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AlbertMChan.jpg/440px-AlbertMChan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1064" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Albert M. Chan at the 13th Annual <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Asian_Film_Festival" title="Vancouver Asian Film Festival">Vancouver Asian Film Festival</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Albert Michael Chan</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1975-10-01</span>) </span>October 1, 1975<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;46)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Actor, filmmaker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">2004—present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertmchan.com/">Official Website of Albert M. Chan</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Albert M. Chan</b> (born October 1, 1975) is a Canadian actor and filmmaker based in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-AlbertMChan.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlbertMChan.com-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Career_development"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Career development</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Other_work"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other work</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Press"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Press</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Filmography"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Filmography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Chan was born in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada, and lived in <a href="/wiki/Mississauga" title="Mississauga">Mississauga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> in 1997, to attend the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, where he received his Ph.D. in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical Engineering">Electrical Engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AlbertMChan.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlbertMChan.com-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Career_development">Career development</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Career development">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Chan first began his career working on student films, indie films, and theatre in the Boston area while still a student at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. It took several years before he landed his first major role in 2006, a part in <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Picture's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Underdog_(2007_film)" title="Underdog (2007 film)">Underdog</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-IMDb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> which was released in 2007. He followed up with TV roles that same year in <a href="/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="The CW Television Network">The CW Television Network</a> pilot <i>I'm Paige Wilson</i> and <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_(2006_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood (2006 TV series)">Brotherhood</a></i>.
</p><p>Also in 2007, Chan took matters into his own hands and wrote, directed, produced, and starred in his own film, <i>Fate Scores</i>, which also featured the <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic guitar</a> song "It Won't Be Long", written and performed by Chan.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> In his directorial debut, Chan was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> as second runner-up for Best Canadian Short Film at the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Asian_Film_Festival" title="Vancouver Asian Film Festival">Vancouver Asian Film Festival</a> in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> <i>Fate Scores</i> premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Film_Festival" title="Wisconsin Film Festival">Wisconsin Film Festival</a> on April 5, 2009, and has since appeared in seven additional film festivals in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> The film was acquired for distribution in 2010 by Moving Images Distribution (formerly Canadian Filmmakers Distribution West).
</p><p>In 2008, Chan was cast in a supporting role working alongside <a href="/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Garner" title="Jennifer Garner">Jennifer Garner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a> romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_of_Girlfriends_Past" title="Ghosts of Girlfriends Past">Ghosts of Girlfriends Past</a></i> and also completed filming <i><a href="/wiki/Every_Day_(2010_film)" title="Every Day (2010 film)">Every Day</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt" title="Helen Hunt">Helen Hunt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liev_Schreiber" title="Liev Schreiber">Liev Schreiber</a>, which opened at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival" title="Tribeca Film Festival">Tribeca Film Festival</a>.
</p><p>In 2009, Chan filmed the supporting role of Richard in the indie feature <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Lemon" title="Life of Lemon">Life of Lemon</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lauria" title="Dan Lauria">Dan Lauria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beth_Grant" title="Beth Grant">Beth Grant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Miner" title="Rachel Miner">Rachel Miner</a> and also had a role on the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> hit drama <i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit">Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit</a></i>. In 2010, he was cast in <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Proof" title="Body of Proof">Body of Proof</a></i>, and the following year he was cast in <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee's</a> <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> pilot <i>Da Brick</i>.
</p><p>Chan returned to filmmaking in 2011 when he wrote, directed, executive produced, and starred in his own film, <i>The Commitment</i>, about an interracial gay couple adopting a newborn baby. The film was inspired by an unsuccessful adoption in Chan's actual life. "Those familiar with domestic adoption had told us before we began that the adoption process is truly a roller coaster ride, and now we finally understood what these people meant," Chan explained on the film's official website.<sup id="cite_ref-Commitment_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commitment-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> "I dealt with the feelings of loss and disappointment the only way I knew how—I wrote a screenplay. Four unsuccessful birthparent matches and one year later, <i>The Commitment</i> went into production. Two weeks after the film wrapped, our beautiful son Andrew was born, the result of our fifth match." The film premiered in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Springs">Palm Springs</a> on September 22, 2012, and has since won the 2013 <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Social_Workers" title="National Association of Social Workers">National Association of Social Workers</a> Media Award for <i>Best Feature Film</i> (edging out fellow nominees <i><a href="/wiki/Moonrise_Kingdom" title="Moonrise Kingdom">Moonrise Kingdom</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/What_to_Expect_When_You%27re_Expecting_(film)" title="What to Expect When You&#39;re Expecting (film)">What to Expect When You're Expecting (film)</a></i>, the <i>Audience Award for Best Short</i> at the 2013 Desperado LGBT Film Festival (Phoenix, AZ), both the Jury Award and Audience Award for <i>Best LGBT Film</i> at the 2013 SENE Film, Music, &amp; Arts Festival (Providence, RI), a <i>Best LGBT Film</i> nomination at the 2013 Out in the Desert: Tucson's International LGBT Film Festival, <i>Audience Favorite - Short Series</i> at the 2012 Palm Springs Gay and Lesbian Film Festival (shared with <i>Little Ones</i> and <i>Groom's Cake</i>), and <i>Best Supporting Actress - Short Film</i> at the Summer 2012 Asians On Film Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-Commitment_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commitment-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> The film has screened at over 40 film festivals on six continents.<sup id="cite_ref-Commitment_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commitment-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2012, Chan appeared as Roy on the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> hit comedy series <i><a href="/wiki/30_Rock" title="30 Rock">30 Rock</a></i>. He also filmed two television movies: <i><a href="/wiki/Clear_History" title="Clear History">Clear History</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Larry_David" title="Larry David">Larry David</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Hamm" title="Jon Hamm">Jon Hamm</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Mottola" title="Greg Mottola">Greg Mottola</a> for <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>, and <i>The Makeover</i> starring <a href="/wiki/Julia_Stiles" title="Julia Stiles">Julia Stiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camryn_Manheim" title="Camryn Manheim">Camryn Manheim</a> for <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hallmark Hall of Fame">Hallmark Hall of Fame</a>. <i>The Makeover</i> premiered on ABC on January 27, 2013, and <i><a href="/wiki/Clear_History" title="Clear History">Clear History</a></i> premiered on HBO on August 10, 2013. Also in 2013, Chan was cast Lloyd Chang in his second role on the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> hit drama <i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit">Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit</a></i>, opposite special guest star <a href="/wiki/Cybill_Shepherd" title="Cybill Shepherd">Cybill Shepherd</a>.
</p><p>In 2014, Chan completed <i>Descendants of the Past, Ancestors of the Future</i>, a film he wrote and directed, starring <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmy" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy">Emmy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama Desk">Drama Desk</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Tina_Chen" title="Tina Chen">Tina Chen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Descendants_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Descendants-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> which won <i>Best Screenplay</i> and <i>Best Actress</i> at the 2015 NYC Downtown Short Film Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> The film, based on the immigration history of Chan's family, was awarded a Puffin Foundation Grant and named a finalist for the Roy W. Dean Film Grant.<sup id="cite_ref-Descendants_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Descendants-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2016, Chan was cast in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing" title="Boston Marathon bombing">Boston Marathon bombing</a> film <a href="/wiki/Patriots_Day_(film)" title="Patriots Day (film)"><i>Patriots Day</i></a> starring <a href="/wiki/Mark_Wahlberg" title="Mark Wahlberg">Mark Wahlberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bacon" title="Kevin Bacon">Kevin Bacon</a> and also in the final season of the hit <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Girls_(TV_series)" title="Girls (TV series)">Girls</a></i>, which aired at the beginning of 2017. That same year, Chan guest starred on the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">FOX</a> drama <a href="/wiki/Gotham_(TV_series)" title="Gotham (TV series)"><i>Gotham</i></a> and shot a recurring role as Tony Q on the upcoming TV series <i>Big Dogs</i>.
</p><p>Chan also wrote and co-directed <i>Welcome to the World</i> in 2017, a dark drama about a troubled man who records a video message for his sister. Chan shot the film in one continuous take with a budget of less than $140.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> Richard Propes of <i>The Independent Critic</i> gave the film four stars and wrote, "riveting piece of human drama... Chan's performance is deeply moving... lingers in your brain long after the closing credits".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> Kirk Fernwood of <i>One Film Fan</i> praised the film as "intelligent, inventive, and inspired... Chan does a fantastic job... drawing you in with every word... the finale is a stroke of creative brilliance and artistry".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> The film has screened at over 40 film festivals on six continents.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, Chan was cast as a therapist in the <a href="/wiki/Anna_Kendrick" title="Anna Kendrick">Anna Kendrick</a> <a href="/wiki/HBO_Max" title="HBO Max">HBO Max</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Life_(American_TV_series)" title="Love Life (American TV series)">Love Life</a></i>, which premiered in 2020. That same year, he scored a role on the hit <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam_(2018_TV_series)" title="New Amsterdam (2018 TV series)">New Amsterdam</a></i>. Also, two of his projects premiered on the same day on <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a>: the feature film <i>Big Exit</i> in which Chan plays insurance agent Tim, and the TV series <i>Big Dogs</i> in which Chan has a recurring role as wardrobe stylist Tony Q. The latter also premiered on <a href="/wiki/Tubi" title="Tubi">Tubi</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_work">Other work</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Other work">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>He is currently an on-line spokesperson for <a href="/wiki/Staples_Inc." title="Staples Inc.">Staples Inc.</a> where he demonstrates printers as Mike from EasyTech.
</p><p>As a consequence of both his academic and acting careers, Chan has an <a href="/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Bacon_number" title="ErdősBacon number">ErdősBacon number</a> of 4. He co-authored a peer-reviewed paper on <a href="/wiki/OFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="OFDM">OFDM</a>, giving him an Erdős number of 3.<sup id="cite_ref-ofdm_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ofdm-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bergman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bergman-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hilbert_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilbert-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> Chan appeared alongside Kevin Bacon in <i><a href="/wiki/Patriots_Day_(film)" title="Patriots Day (film)">Patriots Day</a></i>, giving him a Bacon number of 1.<sup id="cite_ref-patriots_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patriots-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Press">Press</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Press">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Chan has been featured as an up-and-coming actor and director in numerous print and on-line articles including a story by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> an Asian American Risings A-Profiler feature,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> four <i><a href="/wiki/Sampan_(newspaper)" title="Sampan (newspaper)">Sampan</a></i> articles,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> two <i>Bay Windows</i> interviews,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> an MIT Alumni Association profile,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> and a Slice of MIT article.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> He has also appeared as a panelist at a sneak preview of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> TV show <i><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Chinese" title="Hollywood Chinese">Hollywood Chinese</a></i>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Filmography">Filmography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Year
</th>
<th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Title
</th>
<th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Role
</th>
<th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Notes
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2004_in_film" title="2004 in film">2004</a>
</td>
<td><i>Overserved</i>
</td>
<td>Wang Long
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2005_in_film" title="2005 in film">2005</a>
</td>
<td><i>Number Two Pencil</i>
</td>
<td>Phillip
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2006_in_film" title="2006 in film">2006</a>
</td>
<td><i>Interrogation</i>
</td>
<td>Charles Han
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/2007_in_film" title="2007 in film">2007</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Underdog_(2007_film)" title="Underdog (2007 film)">Underdog</a></i>
</td>
<td>Geek Worker
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_(2006_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood (2006 TV series)">Brotherhood</a></i>
</td>
<td>Brothel Manager
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Not Dark Yet 3:5-6)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i>
</td>
<td>Chinese Prisoner
</td>
<td>1 Episode (The Living Weapon)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>I'm Paige Wilson</i>
</td>
<td>Dealer
</td>
<td>The CW Television Network pilot
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2008_in_film" title="2008 in film">2008</a>
</td>
<td><i>Ana's Time</i>
</td>
<td>Ken Chuen
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2009_in_film" title="2009 in film">2009</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_of_Girlfriends_Past" title="Ghosts of Girlfriends Past">Ghosts of Girlfriends Past</a></i>
</td>
<td>Groomsman Sam
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit">Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit</a></i>
</td>
<td>Banker
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Sugar)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Fate Scores</i>
</td>
<td>Guitarist
</td>
<td>Also director and writer
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2010_in_film" title="2010 in film">2010</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Every_Day_(2010_film)" title="Every Day (2010 film)">Every Day</a></i>
</td>
<td>Dr. Lee
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2011_in_film" title="2011 in film">2011</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Lemon" title="Life of Lemon">Life of Lemon</a></i>
</td>
<td>Richard
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Proof" title="Body of Proof">Body of Proof</a></i>
</td>
<td>Lab Tech
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Letting Go)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Da Brick</i>
</td>
<td>Tim
</td>
<td>HBO pilot
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2012_in_film" title="2012 in film">2012</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/30_Rock" title="30 Rock">30 Rock</a></i>
</td>
<td>Roy
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Alexis Goodlooking and The Case of The Missing Whisky)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>The Commitment</i>
</td>
<td>Robert
</td>
<td>Also Director and Writer
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2013_in_film" title="2013 in film">2013</a>
</td>
<td><i>The Makeover</i>
</td>
<td>Pearce
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Clear_History" title="Clear History">Clear History</a></i>
</td>
<td>Electron Motors Co-Worker
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit">Law &amp; Order: Special Victims Unit</a></i>
</td>
<td>Lloyd Chang
</td>
<td>1 Episode (An American Tragedy)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2014_in_film" title="2014 in film">2014</a>
</td>
<td><i>Descendants of the Past, Ancestors of the Future</i>
</td>
<td>Andrew
</td>
<td>Also director and writer
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/2016_in_film" title="2016 in film">2016</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Patriots_Day_(film)" title="Patriots Day (film)">Patriots Day</a></i>
</td>
<td>Computer Forensic Tech
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2017_in_film" title="2017 in film">2017</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Girls_(TV_series)" title="Girls (TV series)"><i>Girls</i></a>
</td>
<td>Ming
</td>
<td>1 Episode (All I Ever Wanted)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Welcome to the World</i>
</td>
<td>Man
</td>
<td>Also co-director and writer
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Gotham_(TV_series)" title="Gotham (TV series)">Gotham</a></i>
</td>
<td>Pharmacist
</td>
<td>1 Episode (<a href="/wiki/A_Dark_Knight:_The_Blade%27s_Path" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dark Knight: The Blade&#39;s Path">A Dark Knight: The Blade's Path</a>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/2020_in_film" title="2020 in film">2020</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam_(2018_TV_series)" title="New Amsterdam (2018 TV series)">New Amsterdam</a></i>
</td>
<td>EEG Tech
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Perspectives)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Life_(American_TV_series)" title="Love Life (American TV series)">Love Life</a></i>
</td>
<td>Therapist
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Bradley Field)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Big Dogs</i>
</td>
<td>Tony Q
</td>
<td>2 Episodes (Things I've Done, All for None)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Big Exit</i>
</td>
<td>Tim
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2022_in_film" title="2022 in film">2022</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(upcoming_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia (upcoming TV series)">Julia</a></i>
</td>
<td>Owner
</td>
<td>1 Episode (Crepes Suzette)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>The Storied Life of A. J. Fikry</i>
</td>
<td>Mr. Balboni
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-AlbertMChan.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlbertMChan.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlbertMChan.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albertmchan.com/">"Asian Actor Albert M. Chan"</a>. <i>AlbertMChan.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AlbertMChan.com&amp;rft.atitle=Asian+Actor+Albert+M.+Chan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falbertmchan.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-IMDb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMDb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMDb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1565137/">Albert M. Chan</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017041140/http://www.straight.com/article-269590/vancouver-asian-film-festival-2009-nfb-award-winner-announced#">"Vancouver Asian Film Festival 2009: NFB award winner announced"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/article-269590/vancouver-asian-film-festival-2009-nfb-award-winner-announced">the original</a> on 2012-10-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Vancouver+Asian+Film+Festival+2009%3A+NFB+award+winner+announced&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Farticle-269590%2Fvancouver-asian-film-festival-2009-nfb-award-winner-announced&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fatescores.com/">"<i>Fate Scores</i> official website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fate+Scores+official+website&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffatescores.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Commitment-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commitment_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commitment_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commitment_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecommitmentmovie.com/">"<i>The Commitment</i> official website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Commitment+official+website&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecommitmentmovie.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Descendants-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Descendants_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Descendants_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://descendantsofthepast.com/">"<i>Descendants of the Past, Ancestors of the Future</i> official website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Descendants+of+the+Past%2C+Ancestors+of+the+Future+official+website&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdescendantsofthepast.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://duotheater.org/film.php">"Duo Multicultural Arts Center - FILM"</a>. <i>duotheater.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=duotheater.org&amp;rft.atitle=Duo+Multicultural+Arts+Center+-+FILM&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fduotheater.org%2Ffilm.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sampan.org/2017/10/local-directoractor-albert-m-chan-to-present-east-coast-premiere-of-welcome-to-the-world-in-boston/">"Local director/actor Albert M. Chan to present East Coast premiere of 'Welcome to the World' in Boston"</a>. <i>sampan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sampan.org&amp;rft.atitle=Local+director%2Factor+Albert+M.+Chan+to+present+East+Coast+premiere+of+%27Welcome+to+the+World%27+in+Boston&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsampan.org%2F2017%2F10%2Flocal-directoractor-albert-m-chan-to-present-east-coast-premiere-of-welcome-to-the-world-in-boston%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theindependentcritic.com/welcome_to_the_world">"The Independent Critic - "Welcome to the World" a Deeply Moving New Short Film"</a>. <i>theindependentcritic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=theindependentcritic.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Independent+Critic+-+%22Welcome+to+the+World%22+a+Deeply+Moving+New+Short+Film&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheindependentcritic.com%2Fwelcome_to_the_world&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onefilmfan.com/short-film-review-welcome-to-the-world/">"Short Film Review "Welcome To The World ← One Film Fan"</a>. <i>onefilmfan.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=onefilmfan.com&amp;rft.atitle=Short+Film+Review+%22Welcome+To+The+World+%E2%86%90+One+Film+Fan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonefilmfan.com%2Fshort-film-review-welcome-to-the-world%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://welcometotheworldmovie.com/">"<i>Welcome to the World</i> official website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+World+official+website&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwelcometotheworldmovie.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ofdm-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ofdm_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLeeChanSundberg2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Inkyu; Chan, Albert M.; Sundberg, Carl-Erik (2004). "Space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation for OFDM systems". <i>IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing</i>. <b>52</b> (3): 82025. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTSP.2003.822350">10.1109/TSP.2003.822350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Signal+Processing&amp;rft.atitle=Space-time+bit-interleaved+coded+modulation+for+OFDM+systems&amp;rft.volume=52&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=820-25&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTSP.2003.822350&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Inkyu&amp;rft.au=Chan%2C+Albert+M.&amp;rft.au=Sundberg%2C+Carl-Erik&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bergman-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bergman_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDurenKhavinsonShapiroSundberg1994" class="citation journal cs1">Duren, Peter; Khavinson, Dmitry; Shapiro, Harold S.; Sundberg, Carl-Erik (1994). "Invariant subspaces in Bergman spaces and the biharmonic equation". <i>Michigan Mathematical Journal</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 24759. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1307%2Fmmj%2F1029004992">10.1307/mmj/1029004992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Michigan+Mathematical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Invariant+subspaces+in+Bergman+spaces+and+the+biharmonic+equation&amp;rft.volume=41&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=247-59&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1307%2Fmmj%2F1029004992&amp;rft.aulast=Duren&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.au=Khavinson%2C+Dmitry&amp;rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Harold+S.&amp;rft.au=Sundberg%2C+Carl-Erik&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hilbert-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hilbert_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFErdősShapiro1965" class="citation journal cs1">Erdős, Paul; Shapiro, Harold S. (1965). "Large and small subspaces of Hilbert space". <i>Michigan Mathematical Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 16978. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1307%2Fmmj%2F1028999306">10.1307/mmj/1028999306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Michigan+Mathematical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Large+and+small+subspaces+of+Hilbert+space&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=169-78&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1307%2Fmmj%2F1028999306&amp;rft.aulast=Erd%C5%91s&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Harold+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-patriots-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-patriots_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4572514/"><i>Patriots Day</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> as "Computer Forensic Tech"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/film/2013/03/08/want-help-gay-film-become-first-win-social-work-award">Want to Help Gay Asian Film Become First To Win Social Work Award?</a>, a March 9, 2013 article from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091125212218/http://www.aarising.com/aprofiler/albertmchan.htm">"Asian American Risings A-Profiler Feature"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarising.com/aprofiler/albertmchan.htm">the original</a> on 2009-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Asian+American+Risings+A-Profiler+Feature&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aarising.com%2Faprofiler%2Falbertmchan.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sampan.org/show_article.php?display=1989">Sampan Newspaper interview</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged October 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sampan.org/2013/03/local-asian-american-directors-gay-adoption-film-nominated-for-national-media-award/">Local Asian-American Directors Gay Adoption Film Nominated for National Media Award</a>, a March 1, 2013 article from <i><a href="/wiki/Sampan_(newspaper)" title="Sampan (newspaper)">Sampan</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sampan.org/2013/08/golden-globe-emmy-and-drama-desk-nominee-joins-cast-of-asian-family-drama/">Golden Globe, Emmy, and Drama Desk Nominee Joins Cast of Asian Family Drama</a>, an August 15, 2013 article from <i><a href="/wiki/Sampan_(newspaper)" title="Sampan (newspaper)">Sampan</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baywindows.com/big-score-90530">Big Score</a>, an April 30, 2009 article from <i>Bay Windows</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baywindows.com/The-Commitment-at-Bostons-Asian-American-Film-Festival">The Commitment at Boston's Asian American Film Festival</a>, an October 10, 2012 article from <i>Bay Windows</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427155831/http://alum.mit.edu/news/AlumniProfiles/Archive/chan.jsp">"MIT Alumni Association profile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alum.mit.edu/news/AlumniProfiles/Archive/chan.jsp">the original</a> on 2009-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MIT+Alumni+Association+profile&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falum.mit.edu%2Fnews%2FAlumniProfiles%2FArchive%2Fchan.jsp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+M.+Chan" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sliceofmit.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/albert-chan/">Slice of MIT article</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_M._Chan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albertmchan.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chanalproductions.com/">Chanal Productions</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">James Storme</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belgian footballer</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="font-size: 125%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2em;">James Storme</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-image">
<a href="/wiki/File:Spelers_Standaard_Luik_,_Storme_(kop),_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Spelers Standaard Luik , Storme (kop), Bestanddeelnr 918-1932.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spelers_Standaard_Luik_%2C_Storme_%28kop%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg/220px-Spelers_Standaard_Luik_%2C_Storme_%28kop%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spelers_Standaard_Luik_%2C_Storme_%28kop%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg/330px-Spelers_Standaard_Luik_%2C_Storme_%28kop%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spelers_Standaard_Luik_%2C_Storme_%28kop%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg/440px-Spelers_Standaard_Luik_%2C_Storme_%28kop%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="2502" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1943-04-12</span>) </span>12 April 1943<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;79)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Senior career*</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Years</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
<b><abbr title="League appearances">Apps</abbr></b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>(<abbr title="League goals">Gls</abbr>)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19611965</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.A.A._Gent" title="K.A.A. Gent">Gent</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19651968</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Standard_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Standard Liège">Standard Liège</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19681970</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Royale_Union_Saint-Gilloise" title="Royale Union Saint-Gilloise">Union Saint-Gilloise</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19801961</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.A.A._Gent" title="K.A.A. Gent">Gent</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19751976</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.V._Oostende" title="K.V. Oostende">VG Oostend</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Teams managed</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19881990</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.V._Oostende" title="K.V. Oostende">Oostende</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19901991</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/KRC_Gent-Zeehaven" class="mw-redirect" title="KRC Gent-Zeehaven">Gent-Zeehaven</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19911993</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K._Boom_F.C." title="K. Boom F.C.">Boom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1993</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk" title="K.V. Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1994</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K._Boom_F.C." title="K. Boom F.C.">Boom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19941995</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen" title="K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen">Lokeren</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19951996</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K._Beerschot_V.A.C." title="K. Beerschot V.A.C.">Beerschot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19971998</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/R.A.E.C._Mons" class="mw-redirect" title="R.A.E.C. Mons">Mons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1999</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K._Sint-Niklase_S.K.E." title="K. Sint-Niklase S.K.E.">Sint-Niklaas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19992000</span></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/K.S.V._Roeselare" title="K.S.V. Roeselare">Roeselare</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="color:darkslategray; font-size:95%">
*Club domestic league appearances and goals</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>James Storme</b> (born 12 April 1943) is a Belgian <a href="/wiki/Football_midfielder" class="mw-redirect" title="Football midfielder">football midfielder</a> and later manager.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Storme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/james-storme/">James Storme</a> at WorldFootball.net</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/101364-james-storme">Footballdatabase</a></span>
</li>
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<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K.V._Oostende__managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF0000; color:#FFFF00; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #2BBD72,inset -1px -1px 0 #2BBD72; width: 87%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K.V._Oostende_managers" title="Template:K.V. Oostende managers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#FF0000; color:#FFFF00; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #2BBD72,inset -1px -1px 0 #2BBD72; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K.V._Oostende_managers" title="Template talk:K.V. Oostende managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#FF0000; color:#FFFF00; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #2BBD72,inset -1px -1px 0 #2BBD72; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:K.V._Oostende_managers&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#FF0000; color:#FFFF00; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #2BBD72,inset -1px -1px 0 #2BBD72; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K.V._Oostende__managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn org"><a href="/wiki/K.V._Oostende" title="K.V. Oostende"><span style="color:#FFFF00;">K.V. Oostende</span></a></span> <span style="color:#FFFF00;">managers</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Marmenhout&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Marmenhout (page does not exist)">Marmenhout</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1981</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Han_Grijzenhout" title="Han Grijzenhout">Grijzenhout</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1981</span>82)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Nedeljko_Bulatovi%C4%87" title="Nedeljko Bulatović">Bulatović</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1982</span>84)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Desmet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Desmet (page does not exist)">Desmet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1984</span>86)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Sanders" title="Luc Sanders">Sanders</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1986</span>87)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freddy_Maeckelberghe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Freddy Maeckelberghe (page does not exist)">Maeckelberghe</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1987</span>88)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storme</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1988</span>90)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Butsraen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Butsraen (page does not exist)">Butsraen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Bram_van_Kerkhof" title="Bram van Kerkhof">Van Kerkhof</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Peeters" title="Raoul Peeters">Peeters</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>95)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Haesaert" title="Urbain Haesaert">Haesaert</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1995</span>96)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">Van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1996</span>98)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Pfaff" title="Jean-Marie Pfaff">Pfaff</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1998</span>99)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Van_der_Elst" title="Leo Van der Elst">L. Van der Elst</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>2000)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Brylle_Larsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Brylle Larsen">Brylle</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2000</span>03)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Peeters" title="Raoul Peeters">Peeters</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Bodart" title="Gilbert Bodart">Bodart</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>05)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Vermeulen" title="Herman Vermeulen">Vermeulen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2005</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rik_Vande_Velde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rik Vande Velde (page does not exist)">R. Vande Velde</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2005</span>06)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Wellens" title="Willy Wellens">Wellens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>07)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Edin_Ram%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Edin Ramčić">Ramčić</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2007</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Demanet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaby Demanet (page does not exist)">Demanet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2007</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">Van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2007</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Bataille&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Bataille (page does not exist)">Bataille</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2007</span>08)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Vande_Velde" title="Jean-Pierre Vande Velde">J.-P. Vande Velde</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>09)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Pister" title="Thierry Pister">Pister</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2009</span>11)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Vanderbiest" title="Frederik Vanderbiest">Vanderbiest</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2011</span>15)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Vanderhaeghe" title="Yves Vanderhaeghe">Vanderhaeghe</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2015</span>17)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Adnan_%C4%8Custovi%C4%87" title="Adnan Čustović">Čustović</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2017</span>18)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Gert_Verheyen" title="Gert Verheyen">Verheyen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2018</span>19)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Broos" title="Hugo Broos">Broos</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Franky_Van_der_Elst" title="Franky Van der Elst">F. Van der Elst</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A5re_Ingebrigtsen" title="Kåre Ingebrigtsen">Ingebrigtsen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">Van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2020</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Adnan_%C4%8Custovi%C4%87" title="Adnan Čustović">Čustović</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2020</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Blessin" title="Alexander Blessin">Blessin</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2020</span>22)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Markus_Pflanz" title="Markus Pflanz">Pflanz</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2022</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Vanderhaeghe" title="Yves Vanderhaeghe">Vanderhaeghe</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2022</span>)</span></span></li></ul>
</div>
<small>(c) = <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_manager" title="Caretaker manager">caretaker manager</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K.V._Kortrijk__managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white,inset -1px -1px 0 white; width: 87%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K.V._Kortrijk_managers" title="Template:K.V. Kortrijk managers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:red; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white,inset -1px -1px 0 white; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K.V._Kortrijk_managers" title="Template talk:K.V. Kortrijk managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:red; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white,inset -1px -1px 0 white; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:K.V._Kortrijk_managers&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:red; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white,inset -1px -1px 0 white; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K.V._Kortrijk__managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn org"><a href="/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk" title="K.V. Kortrijk"><span style="color:white;">K.V. Kortrijk</span></a></span> <span style="color:white;">managers</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Van_Maldeghem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="André Van Maldeghem (page does not exist)">Van Maldeghem</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Maddens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luc Maddens (page does not exist)">Maddens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1971</span>73)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Van_Maldeghem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="André Van Maldeghem (page does not exist)">Van Maldeghem</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Maes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Maes (page does not exist)">Maes</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1973</span>75)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Heylens" title="Georges Heylens">Heylens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1975</span>77)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Marijan_Brn%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Marijan Brnčić">Brnčić</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1977</span>78)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Mertens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Mertens (page does not exist)">Mertens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1978</span>79)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Henk_Houwaart" title="Henk Houwaart">Houwaart</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1979</span>83)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_Reijers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim Reijers (page does not exist)">Reijers</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1983</span>84)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Van_Maldeghem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="André Van Maldeghem (page does not exist)">Van Maldeghem</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1984</span>85)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Davidovic" title="Dimitri Davidovic">Davidovic</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1985</span>86)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary">Koudijzer</span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1986</span>87)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Han_Grijzenhout" title="Han Grijzenhout">Grijzenhout</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1987</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddy_Kinsabil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddy Kinsabil (page does not exist)">Kinsabil</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1987</span>88)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leekens" title="Georges Leekens">Leekens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1988</span>89)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Henk_Houwaart" title="Henk Houwaart">Houwaart</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1989</span>90)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Desaeyere" title="René Desaeyere">Desaeyere</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>91)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boudewijn_Braem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boudewijn Braem (page does not exist)">Braem</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1991</span>92)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Boskamp" title="Johan Boskamp">Boskamp</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1992</span>93)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franky_Janssens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Franky Janssens (page does not exist)">Janssens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1993</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storme</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1993</span>94)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Van_Geem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Van Geem (page does not exist)">Van Geem</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1994</span>95)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Regi_Van_Acker" title="Regi Van Acker">Van Acker</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1995</span>98)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Michel_De_Wolf" title="Michel De Wolf">De Wolf</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1998</span>99)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Vanderschommen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luc Vanderschommen (page does not exist)">Vanderschommen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddy_Kinsabil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddy Kinsabil (page does not exist)">Kinsabil</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>2000)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerrit_Laverge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerrit Laverge (page does not exist)">Laverge</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2000</span>01)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boudewijn_Braem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boudewijn Braem (page does not exist)">Braem</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2001</span>02)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Franky_Dekenne" title="Franky Dekenne">Dekenne</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2002</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boudewijn_Braem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boudewijn Braem (page does not exist)">Braem</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2002</span>03)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Nijskens" title="Angelo Nijskens">Nijskens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Manu_Ferrera" title="Manu Ferrera">Ferrera</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>04)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudi_Verkempinck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudi Verkempinck (page does not exist)">Verkempinck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2004</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Manu_Ferrera" title="Manu Ferrera">Ferrera</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2004</span>06)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Hein_Vanhaezebrouck" title="Hein Vanhaezebrouck">Vanhaezebrouck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>09)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leekens" title="Georges Leekens">Leekens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2009</span>10)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Hein_Vanhaezebrouck" title="Hein Vanhaezebrouck">Vanhaezebrouck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>14)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Vanderhaeghe" title="Yves Vanderhaeghe">Vanderhaeghe</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2014</span>15)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Johan_Walem" title="Johan Walem">Walem</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2015</span>16)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Belhocine" title="Karim Belhocine">Belhocine</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2016</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_De_Wilde" title="Patrick De Wilde">De Wilde</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2016</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Belhocine" title="Karim Belhocine">Belhocine</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2016</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Bart_Van_Lancker" title="Bart Van Lancker">Van Lancker</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2016</span>17)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Belhocine" title="Karim Belhocine">Belhocine</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2017</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Giannis_Anastasiou" title="Giannis Anastasiou">Anastasiou</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2017</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Glen_De_Boeck" title="Glen De Boeck">De Boeck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2017</span>18)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Vanderhaeghe" title="Yves Vanderhaeghe">Vanderhaeghe</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2018</span>21)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Luka_Elsner" title="Luka Elsner">Elsner</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2021</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Belhocine" title="Karim Belhocine">Belhocine</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2021</span>)</span></span></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen__managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFD700,inset -1px -1px 0 #FFD700; width: 87%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen_managers" title="Template:K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen managers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFD700,inset -1px -1px 0 #FFD700; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen_managers" title="Template talk:K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFD700,inset -1px -1px 0 #FFD700; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen_managers&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:white; color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFD700,inset -1px -1px 0 #FFD700; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen__managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn org"><a href="/wiki/K.S.C._Lokeren_Oost-Vlaanderen" title="K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen"><span style="color:black;">K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen</span></a></span> <span style="color:black;">managers</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_De_Bruyne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans De Bruyne (page does not exist)">De Bruyne</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1970</span>71)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Armand_Jurion" title="Armand Jurion">Jurion</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1971</span>74)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Nov%C3%A1k" title="Ladislav Novák">Novák</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1974</span>77)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Han_Grijzenhout" title="Han Grijzenhout">Grijzenhout</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1977</span>78)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Nollet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Nollet (page does not exist)">Nollet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1978</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Braems" title="Urbain Braems">Braems</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1978</span>79)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Haesaert" title="Urbain Haesaert">Haesaert</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Josef_Vacenovsk%C3%BD" title="Josef Vacenovský">Vacenovský</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1979</span>81)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Waseige" title="Robert Waseige">Waseige</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1981</span>83)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Davidovic" title="Dimitri Davidovic">Davidovic</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1983</span>85)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Anthuenis" title="Aimé Anthuenis">Anthuenis</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1985</span>87)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Wim_Jansen" title="Wim Jansen">Jansen</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Luba%C5%84ski" title="Włodzimierz Lubański">Lubański</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1987</span>88)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Anthuenis" title="Aimé Anthuenis">Anthuenis</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1988</span>92)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Anthuenis" title="Aimé Anthuenis">Anthuenis</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Josef_Vacenovsk%C3%BD" title="Josef Vacenovský">Vacenovský</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1992</span>93)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etienne_D%27Hondt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Etienne D&#39;Hondt (page does not exist)">D'Hondt</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1993</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Puyvelde" title="Chris Van Puyvelde">Van Puyvelde</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1993</span>94)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storme</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1994</span>95)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Fi_Van_Hoof" title="Fi Van Hoof">Van Hoof</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1995</span>97)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Reynders" title="Willy Reynders">Reynders</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1997</span>99)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Cossey" title="Rudi Cossey">Cossey</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Van_Geneugden" title="Ronny Van Geneugden">Van Geneugden</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leekens" title="Georges Leekens">Leekens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>2001)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Put" title="Paul Put">Put</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2001</span>03)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Franky_Van_der_Elst" title="Franky Van der Elst">Van der Elst</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>04)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Reynders" title="Willy Reynders">Reynders</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2004</span>05)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Slavoljub_Muslin" title="Slavoljub Muslin">Muslin</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2005</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Anthuenis" title="Aimé Anthuenis">Anthuenis</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2005</span>06)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Cossey" title="Rudi Cossey">Cossey</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%ABl_Jacobs" title="Ariël Jacobs">Jacobs</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Slavoljub_Muslin" title="Slavoljub Muslin">Muslin</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>07)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leekens" title="Georges Leekens">Leekens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2007</span>09)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freddy_Heirman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Freddy Heirman (page does not exist)">Heirman</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Jankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Janković">Janković</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2009</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jacky_Mathijssen" title="Jacky Mathijssen">Mathijssen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2009</span>10)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Ferrera" title="Emilio Ferrera">Ferrera</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Maes" title="Peter Maes">Maes</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>15)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Peeters" title="Bob Peeters">Peeters</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2015</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leekens" title="Georges Leekens">Leekens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2015</span>16)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAnar_Kristinsson" title="Rúnar Kristinsson">Kristinsson</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2016</span>17)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Maes" title="Peter Maes">Maes</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2017</span>18)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Arnar_Vi%C3%B0arsson" title="Arnar Viðarsson">Viðarsson</a><sup>c</sup></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2018</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Trond_Sollied" title="Trond Sollied">Sollied</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2018</span>19)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Glen_De_Boeck" title="Glen De Boeck">De Boeck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Stijn_Vreven" title="Stijn Vreven">Vreven</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>20)</span></span></li></ul>
</div>
<small>(c) = <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_manager" title="Caretaker manager">caretaker manager</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beerschot_AC_managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K._Beerschot_AC_managers" title="Template:K. Beerschot AC managers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K._Beerschot_AC_managers" title="Template talk:K. Beerschot AC managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:K._Beerschot_AC_managers&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beerschot_AC_managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beerschot_AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Beerschot AC"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">Beerschot AC managers</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;"><a href="/wiki/K._Beerschot_V.A.C." title="K. Beerschot V.A.C."><span style="color: #FFFFFF">K. Beerschot V.A.C. managers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary">Bingley</span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1913</span>&#8211;14)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staf_Janssens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Staf Janssens (page does not exist)">Janssens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1914</span>&#8211;18)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary">Valence</span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1918</span>&#8211;20)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Delausnay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Delausnay (page does not exist)">Delausnay</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1920</span>&#8211;23)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/John_Dick_(footballer,_born_1876)" title="John Dick (footballer, born 1876)">Dick</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1923</span>&#8211;29)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staf_Pelsmaecker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Staf Pelsmaecker (page does not exist)">Pelsmaecker</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1929</span>&#8211;31)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Roberts_(football_manager)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Roberts (football manager) (page does not exist)">Roberts</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1931</span>&#8211;36)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Wesely" title="Ferdinand Wesely">Wesely</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1936</span>&#8211;42)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staf_Janssens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Staf Janssens (page does not exist)">Janssens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1942</span>&#8211;46)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Wilf_Copping" title="Wilf Copping">Copping</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1946</span>&#8211;47)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Stijnen" title="Émile Stijnen">Stijnen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1947</span>&#8211;52)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Frans_Gommers" title="Frans Gommers">Gommers</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1952</span>&#8211;53)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Jones_(footballer,_born_1915)" title="Eric Jones (footballer, born 1915)">Jones</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1953</span>&#8211;55)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Elem%C3%A9r_Berkessy" title="Elemér Berkessy">Berkessy</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1955</span>&#8211;57)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Ratinckx&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Willy Ratinckx (page does not exist)">Ratinckx</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1957</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rene_de_Vos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rene de Vos (page does not exist)">De Vos</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1957</span>&#8211;60)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_S%C3%A1rosi" title="Béla Sárosi">Sarosi</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1960</span>&#8211;61)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bert_D%27Hollander&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bert D&#39;Hollander (page does not exist)">D'Hollander</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1961</span>&#8211;62)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_B%C3%A9res" title="András Béres">Béres</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1962</span>&#8211;66)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omer_Van_Boxelaer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Omer Van Boxelaer (page does not exist)">Van Boxelaer</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1966</span>&#8211;67)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Van_Beneden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Van Beneden (page does not exist)">Van Beneden</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1967</span>&#8211;69)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Vliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jozef Vliers">Vliers</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1969</span>&#8211;70)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_B%C3%A9res" title="András Béres">Béres</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1970</span>&#8211;72)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francois_Geeraerts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francois Geeraerts (page does not exist)">Geeraerts</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1972</span>&#8211;74)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Nollet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Nollet (page does not exist)">Nollet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1974</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coppens" title="Henri Coppens">Coppens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1974</span>&#8211;78)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francois_Geeraerts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francois Geeraerts (page does not exist)">Geeraerts</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1978</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/George_Knobel" title="George Knobel">Knobel</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1978</span>&#8211;79)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Nov%C3%A1k" title="Ladislav Novák">Novák</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1979</span>&#8211;80)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/George_Knobel" title="George Knobel">Knobel</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1980</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Nollet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Nollet (page does not exist)">Nollet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1980</span>&#8211;82)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Coppens" title="Henri Coppens">Coppens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1982</span>&#8211;84)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnther_Nasdalla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Günther Nasdalla (page does not exist)">Nasdalla</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1984</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary">Koudijzer</span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1984</span>&#8211;86)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Davidovic" title="Dimitri Davidovic">Davidovic</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1986</span>&#8211;87)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos_Smolders&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jos Smolders (page does not exist)">Smolders</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1987</span>&#8211;88)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Hughes" title="Barry Hughes">Hughes</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1988</span>&#8211;89)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Heylens" title="Georges Heylens">Heylens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1989</span>&#8211;90)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary">Koudijzer</span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>&#8211;91)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Martti_Kuusela" title="Martti Kuusela">Kuusela</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1991</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Mallants&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Mallants (page does not exist)">Mallants</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1991</span>&#8211;92)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Desaeyere" title="René Desaeyere">Desaeyere</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1992</span>&#8211;95)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Peeters" title="Raoul Peeters">Peeters</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1995</span>&#8211;96)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storme</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1996</span>&#8211;97)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Hulshoff" title="Barry Hulshoff">Hulshoff</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1997</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Marc_No%C3%AB" title="Marc Noë">Noë</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1997</span>&#8211;99)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;">K.F.C. Germinal Ekeren managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Beers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Beers (page does not exist)">Beers</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1988</span>&#8211;90)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Desaeyere" title="René Desaeyere">Desaeyere</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Haesaert" title="Urbain Haesaert">Haesaert</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1990</span>&#8211;93)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Anthuenis" title="Aimé Anthuenis">Anthuenis</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1993</span>&#8211;94)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Helleputte" title="Herman Helleputte">Helleputte</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1994</span>&#8211;96)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Gzil" title="Stanisław Gzil">Gzil</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1996</span>&#8211;97)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Helleputte" title="Herman Helleputte">Helleputte</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1997</span>&#8211;99)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;"><a href="/wiki/Beerschot_AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Beerschot AC"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot managers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Franky_Van_der_Elst" title="Franky Van der Elst">Van der Elst</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>&#8211;2003)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Brys" title="Marc Brys">Brys</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>&#8211;05)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jos_Daerden" title="Jos Daerden">Daerden</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2005</span>&#8211;06)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Brys" title="Marc Brys">Brys</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>&#8211;07)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Harm_van_Veldhoven" title="Harm van Veldhoven">Van Veldhoven</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2007</span>&#8211;08)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Anthuenis" title="Aimé Anthuenis">Anthuenis</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>&#8211;09)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jos_Daerden" title="Jos Daerden">Daerden</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2009</span>&#8211;10)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Glen_De_Boeck" title="Glen De Boeck">De Boeck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jacky_Mathijssen" title="Jacky Mathijssen">Mathijssen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>&#8211;11)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#400080;color:white; border:1px solid #400080;"><a href="/wiki/Beerschot_AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Beerschot AC"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">Beerschot AC managers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jacky_Mathijssen" title="Jacky Mathijssen">Mathijssen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2011</span>&#8211;12)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Adrie_Koster" title="Adrie Koster">Koster</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2012</span>)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Wim_De_Corte" title="Wim De Corte">De Corte</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2012</span>&#8211;13)</span></li>
<li><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jacky_Mathijssen" title="Jacky Mathijssen">Mathijssen</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2013</span>)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="R.A.E.C._Mons__managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:red; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 red,inset -1px -1px 0 red; width: 87%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:R.A.E.C._Mons_managers" title="Template:R.A.E.C. Mons managers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:white; color:red; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 red,inset -1px -1px 0 red; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:R.A.E.C._Mons_managers" title="Template talk:R.A.E.C. Mons managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:white; color:red; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 red,inset -1px -1px 0 red; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:R.A.E.C._Mons_managers&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:white; color:red; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 red,inset -1px -1px 0 red; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="R.A.E.C._Mons__managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn org"><a href="/wiki/R.A.E.C._Mons" class="mw-redirect" title="R.A.E.C. Mons"><span style="color:red;">R.A.E.C. Mons</span></a></span> <span style="color:red;">managers</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Henriet" title="Jules Henriet">Henriet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1957</span>59)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emile_Deghislage&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emile Deghislage (page does not exist)">Deghislage</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_T%27Hooft&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert T&#39;Hooft (page does not exist)">T'Hooft</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1959</span>60)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_den_Bosch_(footballer)" title="Pieter van den Bosch (footballer)">Van den Bosch</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1960</span>62)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Riou" title="André Riou">Riou</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1962</span>65)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Legrand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Legrand (page does not exist)">Legrand</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1965</span>67)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dekens" title="Henri Dekens">Dekens</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1967</span>69)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_D%C3%A9l%C3%A9pine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Délépine (page does not exist)">Délépine</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1969</span>72)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Delire" title="Michel Delire">Delire</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1972</span>73)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hanon" title="Pierre Hanon">Hanon</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1973</span>75)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_D%C3%A9l%C3%A9pine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Délépine (page does not exist)">Délépine</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1975</span>77)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freddy_Reynders&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Freddy Reynders (page does not exist)">Reynders</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1977</span>79)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Jamin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Jamin (page does not exist)">Jamin</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1979</span>81)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Verbist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Verbist (page does not exist)">Verbist</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1981</span>85)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9o_Vanpyperzeele&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Géo Vanpyperzeele (page does not exist)">Vanpyperzeele</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1985</span>87)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Garot" title="Philippe Garot">Garot</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1987</span>88)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Smets&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Smets (page does not exist)">Smets</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1988</span>89)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Migeot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Migeot (page does not exist)">Migeot</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1989</span>91)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9o_Vanpyperzeele&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Géo Vanpyperzeele (page does not exist)">Vanpyperzeele</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1991</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Colasse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="André Colasse (page does not exist)">Colasse</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1991</span>94)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Breinich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Breinich (page does not exist)">Breinich</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1994</span>95)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Daniel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Daniel (page does not exist)">Daniel</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1995</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Dendal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Dendal (page does not exist)">Dendal</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1995</span>96)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Daniel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Daniel (page does not exist)">Daniel</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1996</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Renders&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Renders (page does not exist)">Renders</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1996</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Haleydt" title="Rudy Haleydt">Haleydt</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1996</span>97)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Daniel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Daniel (page does not exist)">Daniel</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1997</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storme</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1997</span>98)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Pister" title="Thierry Pister">Pister</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1998</span>2001)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Grosjean&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Grosjean (page does not exist)">Grosjean</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2001</span>03)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Brio" title="Sergio Brio">Brio</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>04)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jos_Daerden" title="Jos Daerden">Daerden</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2004</span>05)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Riga" title="José Riga">Riga</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2005</span>08)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Cartier" title="Albert Cartier">Cartier</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Saint-Jean" title="Philippe Saint-Jean">Saint-Jean</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Pister" title="Thierry Pister">Pister</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_Dessy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe Dessy (page does not exist)">Dessy</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>09)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Cossey" title="Rudi Cossey">Cossey</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2009</span>10)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Geert_Broeckaert" title="Geert Broeckaert">Broeckaert</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>11)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">Van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2011</span>12)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Scifo" title="Enzo Scifo">Scifo</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2012</span>13)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cedomir_Janevski" title="Čedomir Janevski">Janevski</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2013</span>14)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Beugnies" title="Didier Beugnies">Beugnies</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2014</span>15)</span></span></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K.S.V._Roeselare__managers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white; color:#000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 gray,inset -1px -1px 0 gray; width: 87%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K.S.V._Roeselare_managers" title="Template:K.S.V. Roeselare managers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:white; color:#000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 gray,inset -1px -1px 0 gray; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K.S.V._Roeselare_managers" title="Template talk:K.S.V. Roeselare managers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:white; color:#000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 gray,inset -1px -1px 0 gray; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:K.S.V._Roeselare_managers&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:white; color:#000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 gray,inset -1px -1px 0 gray; width: 87%;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K.S.V._Roeselare__managers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn org"><a href="/wiki/K.S.V._Roeselare" title="K.S.V. Roeselare"><span style="color:#000000;">K.S.V. Roeselare</span></a></span> <span style="color:#000000;">managers</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jerko_Tipuri%C4%87" title="Jerko Tipurić">Tipurić</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Storme</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1999</span>2000)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Wambeke" title="Peter Van Wambeke">Van Wambeke</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2000</span>01)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Peeters" title="Raoul Peeters">Peeters</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2001</span>03)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2003</span>06)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Geeraerd" title="Dirk Geeraerd">Geeraerd</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2006</span>08)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2008</span>10)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Nico_Vanderdonck" title="Nico Vanderdonck">Vanderdonck</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2010</span>11)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Serebrennikov" title="Serhiy Serebrennikov">Serebrennikov</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Demanet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaby Demanet (page does not exist)">Demanet</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2011</span>13)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Serebrennikov" title="Serhiy Serebrennikov">Serebrennikov</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Wim_De_Corte" title="Wim De Corte">De Corte</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2013</span>14)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Franky_Van_der_Elst" title="Franky Van der Elst">Van der Elst</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2014</span>16)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Arnauld_Mercier" title="Arnauld Mercier">Mercier</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2016</span>17)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_van_Wijk" title="Dennis van Wijk">van Wijk</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2017</span>18)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Condom" title="Jordi Condom">Condom</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2018</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Nano_(footballer,_born_1980)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nano (footballer, born 1980)">Nano</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2018</span>19)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Juanito_(footballer,_born_1976)" title="Juanito (footballer, born 1976)">Juanito</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Arnar_Gr%C3%A9tarsson" title="Arnar Grétarsson">Grétarsson</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Gamel" title="Christophe Gamel">Gamel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caretaker_manager" title="Caretaker manager">a.i.</a>)</span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2019</span>20)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="vevent"><span class="agent attendee vcard"><span class="fn org summary"><a href="/wiki/Karel_Fraeye" title="Karel Fraeye">Fraeye</a></span></span>&#160;(<span class="dtstart">2020</span>)</span></span></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><br />
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align: middle; background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><span style="margin-left:-50px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Soccerball_mask.svg" class="image"><img alt="Soccer icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/50px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/75px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/100px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article relating to Belgian football is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Storme&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Belgium-footy-bio-stub" title="Template:Belgium-footy-bio-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Belgium-footy-bio-stub" title="Template talk:Belgium-footy-bio-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Belgium-footy-bio-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Best American Travel Writing</i></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Best_American_Travel_Writing&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22The+Best+American+Travel+Writing%22">"The Best American Travel Writing"</a>&#160;&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22The+Best+American+Travel+Writing%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22The+Best+American+Travel+Writing%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22The+Best+American+Travel+Writing%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22The+Best+American+Travel+Writing%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22The+Best+American+Travel+Writing%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>The Best American Travel Writing</b></i> is a yearly anthology of <a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travel literature</a> published in United States magazines. It was started in 2000 as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Best_American_Series" title="The Best American Series">The Best American Series</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. Articles are chosen using the same procedure with other titles in the Best American series; the series editor chooses about 100 article candidates, from which the guest editor picks 25 or so for publication; the remaining runner-up articles listed in the appendix.
</p><p>Jason Wilson has been the series editor since inception in 2000.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Guest_editors">Guest editors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Best_American_Travel_Writing&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Guest editors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bryson" title="Bill Bryson">Bill Bryson</a></li>
<li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a></li>
<li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Mayes" title="Frances Mayes">Frances Mayes</a></li>
<li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Frazier" title="Ian Frazier">Ian Frazier</a></li>
<li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Pico_Iyer" title="Pico Iyer">Pico Iyer</a></li>
<li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Kincaid" title="Jamaica Kincaid">Jamaica Kincaid</a></li>
<li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Cahill_(writer)" title="Tim Cahill (writer)">Tim Cahill</a></li>
<li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Orlean" title="Susan Orlean">Susan Orlean</a></li>
<li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bourdain" title="Anthony Bourdain">Anthony Bourdain</a></li>
<li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Winchester" title="Simon Winchester">Simon Winchester</a></li>
<li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Buford" title="Bill Buford">Bill Buford</a></li>
<li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Sloane_Crosley" title="Sloane Crosley">Sloane Crosley</a></li>
<li>2012: <a href="/wiki/William_Vollmann" class="mw-redirect" title="William Vollmann">William Vollmann</a></li>
<li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gilbert" title="Elizabeth Gilbert">Elizabeth Gilbert</a></li>
<li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a></li>
<li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCarthy" title="Andrew McCarthy">Andrew McCarthy</a></li>
<li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bryson" title="Bill Bryson">Bill Bryson</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Collins_(journalist)" title="Lauren Collins (journalist)">Lauren Collins</a></li>
<li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Strayed" title="Cheryl Strayed">Cheryl Strayed</a></li>
<li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Fuller" title="Alexandra Fuller">Alexandra Fuller</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Best_American_Travel_Writing&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The best American travel writing 2016</i>. Bryson, Bill,, Wilson, Jason, (Travel writer),, Chabon, Michael,, Corbett, Sara,, Eggers, Dave,, Ehrlich, Gretel. Boston. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544812093" title="Special:BookSources/9780544812093"><bdi>9780544812093</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/932050824">932050824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+best+American+travel+writing+2016&amp;rft.place=Boston&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F932050824&amp;rft.isbn=9780544812093&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Best+American+Travel+Writing" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Minimalist photography</h1>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimalism......_(22969073683).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Minimalism......_%2822969073683%29.jpg/220px-Minimalism......_%2822969073683%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Minimalism......_%2822969073683%29.jpg/330px-Minimalism......_%2822969073683%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Minimalism......_%2822969073683%29.jpg/440px-Minimalism......_%2822969073683%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2104" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimalism......_(22969073683).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Minimalist photo</div></div></div>
<p>
<b>Minimalist photography</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> that is distinguished by extreme, austere <a href="/wiki/Simplicity" title="Simplicity">simplicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> It emphasizes spareness and focuses solely on the smallest number of objects in the composition process. Minimalist photographers usually focus solely on one particular subject, rather than an abundance of color, patterns and information.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Technique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Technique</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Photography"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Photography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Minimalist_photography"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Minimalist photography</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg/220px-Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg/330px-Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg/440px-Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Costa_Blanca_Spain_by_Dari_Ingal.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Costa Blanca Spain by Dari Ingal</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg/220px-Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg/330px-Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg/440px-Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2182" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wavy_Green_Field_in_Minimalist_Style.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Minimalist landscape by Martin Vorel</div></div></div>
<p>Minimalist photography arises from the notion of <a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">minimalism</a> in art, which is a style used by many 20th century artists. This style emphasizes the use of a minimal number of compositional elements: color, <a href="/wiki/Physical_object" title="Physical object">objects</a>, shapes and <a href="/wiki/Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">texture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> The aim of minimalist photography is to express a concept, in order to bring forth a distinctive visual experience or elicit an emotional response from the viewer. In the world of photography, it is viewed as an exceptionally intuitive and personal concept, entrusting interpretation and understanding to the audience perspective of the art<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2019)">according to whom?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Minimalist photography stems from its initial art movement; minimalism, which was a <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">movement</a> in the 1950s that emerged in the United States, also known as Minimalist Art, Reductive Art or <a href="/wiki/ABC_art" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC art">ABC Art</a>. As the name denotes, minimalism — which originates from the word <i>minimum</i> — means the slightest or the littlest amount required.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> In the art world, minimalism employs a limited amount of elements to construct the desired effect. Generally speaking, the most crucial characteristic of this style is its ultimate simplicity, impartial and neutral approach. For example, an artist utilizing minimalism will normally use a restricted quantity of colors coupled with a simplified subject matter in the construction of the artwork. Artists focus on the idea of simplicity and plainness in their creations and the resulting movement has been a great source of inspiration for other artists in the following decades<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2019)">according to whom?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Technique">Technique</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Technique">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimal_Airuno_(125281203).jpeg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Minimal_Airuno_%28125281203%29.jpeg/220px-Minimal_Airuno_%28125281203%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Minimal_Airuno_%28125281203%29.jpeg/330px-Minimal_Airuno_%28125281203%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Minimal_Airuno_%28125281203%29.jpeg/440px-Minimal_Airuno_%28125281203%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimal_Airuno_(125281203).jpeg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Minimal Airuno</div></div></div>
<p>Minimalism as an art movement first originated in the 1950s. It is also known as Reductive Art, ABC Art and Minimalist Art. This movement eliminates its objects to the smallest amount of colors, shapes, and <a href="/wiki/Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">textures</a> in order to establish a needed effect. Reducing color, lines and <a href="/wiki/Form_(visual_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Form (visual art)">form</a> to a minimum amount in its <a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">composition</a> is the main goal of minimalist artists. The most important characteristics of this art movement include; simplicity (where no excessive subject matters are utilized), repetitions (where artists employ repetitive colors and lines in the artworks), <a href="/wiki/Geometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometric">geometric</a> shapes (where rectangles and circles are often employed in the painting to convey a sense of simpleness and coherence). Other important characteristics include using very little materials, props and other symbols in the creation of the composition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Black_and_white" title="Black and white">black and white</a> images are a representation of the minimalist style as color is being reduced to minimize distractions. Minimalism as a concept in arts can be dated back to the 1900s. Influences of minimalism are still employed today in diverse fields such as photography, design, sculpture and architecture.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Photography">Photography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Photography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimal_Nana_(Unsplash).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Minimal_Nana_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Minimal_Nana_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Minimal_Nana_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-Minimal_Nana_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Minimal_Nana_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-Minimal_Nana_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5827" data-file-height="3602" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimal_Nana_(Unsplash).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Minimal Nana</div></div></div><p>Minimalist photography focuses on simplicity and its artistic style can be encapsulated by the quote, "less is more." Minimalist photographers achieve this effect by casting aside all the unnecessary components in creating their works.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> This principle is demonstrated in various minimalist photographs, for example, when capturing a mountain or an ocean on camera, the entirety of the scenery will be presented as one big vast space. The vacancy and bareness of the space shown enables the audience to imagine and craft their own version of interpretation and comprehension, instead of including the photographer's own inputs and insights. In order to expand and concentrate on the expansive space, it is crucial to minimize contradicting elements such as people or distracting buildings. Doing so conveys a sense of barrenness and desolation that creates a theatrical atmosphere and visual experience. Therefore, a minimalist photograph is often captured early in the morning, sunrise or dark at night. This ensures that the scene is not filled with crowds and that the overall composition appears neat and simplified.
</p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Minimalist_photography">Minimalist photography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Minimalist photography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>"As an approach in photography, minimalism or minimalistic photography could be taken by the photographer in all genres. No matter your are a portrait, architecture, landscape etc. photographer, minimalist photos are always an option as long as you have a minimal look toward your surroundings" -Milad Safabakhsh, Founder of Minimalist Photography Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Minimalist photography often pays attention to one single subject in its composition, using nature as its <a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage">background</a>. Some representative subject matters include geometric patterns, lines and textures, which can range between an apple, a mountain or a bridge, to name a few examples. Although this style of photography is derived from the art movement in the early 1950s, its impact is exhibited in various forms of <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><div style="margin:31.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Early morning at Begnas lake presented in minimalist approach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg/190px-One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg/285px-One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg/380px-One_morning_at_Begnas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></div></div>
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<p>Early morning at <a href="/wiki/Begnas" title="Begnas">Begnas</a> lake presented in minimalist approach
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</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"><div style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><div style="margin:37.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg/190px-Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="115" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg/285px-Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg/380px-Sascha_Grosser_-_IMG_1160_yellow_boxes_1_g_f1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="621" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Yellow boxes
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"><div style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><div style="margin:31.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg/190px-Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg/285px-Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg/380px-Lake_Erie_Shoreline_-d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Lake
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul></div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippines, Digital Photography, 2010, TECHNIQUE Minimalist Magic, Minimalist Magic, 20 Oct. 2010, pp. 062067.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKantilaftis2014" class="citation web cs1">Kantilaftis, Helen (2014-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/minimalist-photography/">"Minimalist Photography"</a>. <i>Student Resources</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Student+Resources&amp;rft.atitle=Minimalist+Photography&amp;rft.date=2014-10-27&amp;rft.aulast=Kantilaftis&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyfa.edu%2Fstudent-resources%2Fminimalist-photography%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinimalist+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">VanEenoo, Cedric, 2011, Minimalism in Art and Design: Concept, influences, implications and perspectives, Journal of Fine and Studio Art, vol. 2(1), pp. 7-12.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jovanovic Srdjan, 2009, Hedonism in Abstract Art: Minimalist Digital Abstract Photography, Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, vol. 1, pp. 88-91.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inan, Sukriye, 2014, The effects of minimalist movement on painting arts and music, University Department of Fine Art, vol. 5, pp. 11-22.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuck, Kirk, 2008, Minimalist Lighting, Professional Techniques for Location Photography, Amherst Media, New York.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minimalistphotographyawards.com">"Official website &#124; Minimalist Photography Awards"</a>. <i>www.minimalistphotographyawards.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.minimalistphotographyawards.com&amp;rft.atitle=Official+website+%26%23124%3B+Minimalist+Photography+Awards&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminimalistphotographyawards.com&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinimalist+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimalist_photography&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Minimalist_photography" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Minimalist photography">Minimalist photography</a></span>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_Imagists" title="Abstract Imagists">Abstract Imagists</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_photography" title="Lifestyle photography">Lifestyle photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">Monochrome photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_photography" title="Travel photography">Travel photography</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Photography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Photography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Still_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Still camera">still</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">Reflector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">Softbox</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">Prime lens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">Zoom lens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">Wide-angle lens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">Telephoto lens</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view" title="Angle of view">Angle of view</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_white" title="Black and white">Black and white</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">Large</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">Medium</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)" title="Perspective distortion (photography)">Perspective distortion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">Toy camera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brenizer_Method" title="Brenizer Method">Brenizer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tiltshift photography">Tiltshift</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br />processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" />&#160;<a href="/wiki/Category:Photography" title="Category:Photography">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Outline" width="10" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" />&#160;<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_photography" title="Outline of photography">Outline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ap4A</h1>
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<caption>Ap4A
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg" class="image"><img alt="Diadenosine tetraphosphate.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg/250px-Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="43" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg/375px-Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg/500px-Diadenosine_tetraphosphate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1735" data-file-height="295" /></a>
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<div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;max-width:22em;"><i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>7</sup>-Bis{[(2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-5-(6-amino-9<i>H</i>-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen tetraphosphate</div></div>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names
<div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Diadenosine tetraphosphate; 5',5'''-Diadenosine tetraphosphate; AppppA</div>
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<td><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div>
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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5542-28-9">5542-28-9</a></span></li></ul></div>
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<td><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div>
</td>
<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C1%3DNC2%3DC%28C%28%3DN1%29N%29N%3DCN2%5BC%40H%5D3%5BC%40%40H%5D%28%5BC%40%40H%5D%28%5BC%40H%5D%28O3%29COP%28%3DO%29%28O%29OP%28%3DO%29%28O%29OP%28%3DO%29%28O%29OP%28%3DO%29%28O%29OC%5BC%40%40H%5D4%5BC%40H%5D%28%5BC%40H%5D%28%5BC%40%40H%5D%28O4%29N5C%3DNC6%3DC5N%3DCN%3DC6N%29O%29O%29O%29O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div>
</td>
<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/21706">21706</a></span></li></ul></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;">
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div>
<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C1=NC2=C(C(=N1)N)N=CN2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)N5C=NC6=C5N=CN=C6N)O)O)O)O</div></li></ul>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div>
</td>
<td><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>20</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>28</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>10</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>19</sub><span title="Phosphorus">P</span><sub>4</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a>
</td>
<td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002836390000000000♠"></span>836.390</span>&#160;g·mol<sup>1</sup> &#x20;
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25&#160;°C [77&#160;°F], 100&#160;kPa).</div>
<div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div>
<div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div>
<p><b>Diadenosine tetraphosphate</b> or <b>Ap4A</b> is a putative <a href="/wiki/Alarmone" title="Alarmone">alarmone</a>, ubiquitous in nature being common to everything from <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a>. It is made up of two adenosines joined together by a 5-5 linked chain of four phosphates. Adenosine polyphosphates are capable of inducing multiple <a href="/wiki/Physiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological">physiological</a> effects.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Function"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Function</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#In_Eukaryotes"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">In Eukaryotes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#In_Prokaryotes"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">In Prokaryotes</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Function">Function</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap4A&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Function">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In_Eukaryotes">In Eukaryotes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap4A&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: In Eukaryotes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Ap4A can be created by a non-canonical activity of the Lysyl-<a href="/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase" title="Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase">tRNA synthetase</a> (LysRS). This function of LysRS is activated by the phosphorylation of LysRS on serine 207, its subsequent dissociation from the multi-synthetase complex (MSC).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> The molecule's role as a second messenger has recently been discovered in The <a href="/wiki/KARS_(gene)" title="KARS (gene)">LysRS</a>-Ap4A-<a href="/wiki/MITF" class="mw-redirect" title="MITF">MITF</a> signaling pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Ap4A binds to the MITF-HINT1 inhibitory complex, specifically to the molecule <a href="/wiki/HINT1" title="HINT1">histidine triad nucleotidebinding protein 1</a>(HINT1), releasing the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and causing an increase in the transcription of its target genes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> Ap4A also positively regulates the activity of the transcription factor <a href="/wiki/USF2" title="USF2">USF2</a> through a similar molecular mechanism to that of MITF.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>It has also been shown, that Ap4A plays a role in the functionality of <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">dendritic cells</a> (DCs). An increase in the intracellular amount Improves their motility and antigen presenting ability through alterations in small <a href="/wiki/GTPase" title="GTPase">GTPases</a> present in the cells. This was discovered by creating mice deficient in the enzyme <i>NUDT2,</i> which serves as an Ap4A <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">hydrolase</a> and thus controls the levels of Ap4A in the cell.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Ap4A, however, has also been shown to cause <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> in several cell lines through an unknown mechanism, the degradation of Ap4A was necessary for the process as hydrolysisresistant analogues of the molecule showed no apoptotic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In_Prokaryotes">In Prokaryotes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap4A&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: In Prokaryotes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In E. Coli, Ap4A has been shown to function as an alarmone, as the intracellular concentrantion of the molecule increases upon heat stress.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> Ap4A can also be incorporated into RNA as a <a href="/wiki/Five-prime_cap" title="Five-prime cap">5' Cap</a> along with other dinucleoside polyphosphates. It serves as a substrate for the <a href="/wiki/RNA_polymerase" title="RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a> and the intracellular levels of these capped RNAs increase upon stress, suggesting that the cap adds a level of stability to the <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Myxococcus_xanthus" title="Myxococcus xanthus">Myxococcus xanthus</a></i> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative bacteria</a>, and <i>M. xanthus</i> lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysS) is an enzyme from the bacteria that synthesizes diadenosine tetraphosphates (Ap4A) when <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">adenosine triphosphate</a> (ATP) is present. Diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) is synthesized from Ap4A with ATP.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap4A&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLuoJankowskiGüNgärNeumann2004" class="citation journal cs1">Luo, Jiankai; Jankowski, Vera; GüNgär, Nihayrt; Neumann, Joachim; Schmitz, Wilhelm; Zidek, Walter; SchlüTer, Hartmut; Jankowski, Joachim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.hyp.0000126110.46402.dd">"Endogenous diadenosine tetraphosphate, diadenosine pentaphosphate, and diadenosine hexaphosphate in human myocardial tissue"</a>. <i>Hypertension</i>. <b>43</b> (5): 10559. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.hyp.0000126110.46402.dd">10.1161/01.hyp.0000126110.46402.dd</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15066958">15066958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Hypertension&amp;rft.atitle=Endogenous+diadenosine+tetraphosphate%2C+diadenosine+pentaphosphate%2C+and+diadenosine+hexaphosphate+in+human+myocardial+tissue.&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=1055-9&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.hyp.0000126110.46402.dd&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15066958&amp;rft.aulast=Luo&amp;rft.aufirst=Jiankai&amp;rft.au=Jankowski%2C+Vera&amp;rft.au=G%C3%BCNg%C3%A4r%2C+Nihayrt&amp;rft.au=Neumann%2C+Joachim&amp;rft.au=Schmitz%2C+Wilhelm&amp;rft.au=Zidek%2C+Walter&amp;rft.au=Schl%C3%BCTer%2C+Hartmut&amp;rft.au=Jankowski%2C+Joachim&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252F01.hyp.0000126110.46402.dd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAp4A" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFOfir-BirinFangBennettZhang2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ofir-Birin, Yifat; Fang, Pengfei; Bennett, Steven P.; Zhang, Hui-Min; Wang, Jing; Rachmin, Inbal; Shapiro, Ryan; Song, Jing; Dagan, Arie; Pozo, Jorge; Kim, Sunghoon; Marshall, Alan G.; Schimmel, Paul; Yang, Xiang-Lei; Nechushtan, Hovav; Razin, Ehud; Guo, Min (2013-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3766370">"Structural Switch of Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase between Translation and Transcription"</a>. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 3042. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2012.10.010">10.1016/j.molcel.2012.10.010</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1097-2765">1097-2765</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3766370">3766370</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23159739">23159739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&amp;rft.atitle=Structural+Switch+of+Lysyl-tRNA+Synthetase+between+Translation+and+Transcription&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=30-42&amp;rft.date=2013-01-10&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3766370%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1097-2765&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23159739&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2012.10.010&amp;rft.aulast=Ofir-Birin&amp;rft.aufirst=Yifat&amp;rft.au=Fang%2C+Pengfei&amp;rft.au=Bennett%2C+Steven+P.&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Hui-Min&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Rachmin%2C+Inbal&amp;rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Ryan&amp;rft.au=Song%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Dagan%2C+Arie&amp;rft.au=Pozo%2C+Jorge&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+Sunghoon&amp;rft.au=Marshall%2C+Alan+G.&amp;rft.au=Schimmel%2C+Paul&amp;rft.au=Yang%2C+Xiang-Lei&amp;rft.au=Nechushtan%2C+Hovav&amp;rft.au=Razin%2C+Ehud&amp;rft.au=Guo%2C+Min&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3766370&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAp4A" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oryx Quest</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Oryx+Quest%22">"Oryx Quest"</a>&#160;&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Oryx+Quest%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Oryx+Quest%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Oryx+Quest%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oryx+Quest%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oryx+Quest%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Oryx Quest</b> was the name of the first round-the-world yacht race to start and finish in the Middle East<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> and was held in February 2005 in Qatar.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The race, organised by British sailor <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Edwards" title="Tracy Edwards">Tracy Edwards</a>, was regarded as a follow-up to <a href="/wiki/The_Race_(yachting_race)" title="The Race (yachting race)">The Race</a> of 2000 and was designed to complement existing Multihull races. It was hoped that the size of the prize and the potential speed of the participating boats would make it the most-exciting round-the-world race to date. Record prize money of $1 million was offered by Qatar Sports International which was headed by Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the Heir Apparent of <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, which hoped to gain publicity as a <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> destination. The prize money however, along with the £6 million sponsorship was never paid by Qatar Sports International.
</p><p>On 5 February four <a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">multihulled</a> yachts began the route, off <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Entries"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Entries</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Results"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Results</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Race"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Race</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Media_coverage"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Media coverage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Financial_fiasco"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Financial fiasco</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Criticism"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Entries">Entries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Entries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The participants were:
</p>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doha_2006_(yacht)" title="Doha 2006 (yacht)">Doha 2006</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a>, formerly <i>Club Med</i> (winner of <a href="/wiki/The_Race_(yachting_race)" title="The Race (yachting race)">The Race</a>), skippered by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Thompson_(sailor)" title="Brian Thompson (sailor)">Brian Thompson</a>.</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(yacht)" title="Daedalus (yacht)">Daedalus</a></i>, catamaran, formerly <i>Enza</i> (winner of the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Trophy" title="Jules Verne Trophy">Jules Verne Trophy</a>), skippered by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bullimore" title="Tony Bullimore">Tony Bullimore</a>.</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_(yacht)" title="Geronimo (yacht)">Geronimo</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">trimaran</a>, (winner of the 2004 Jules Verne Trophy), skippered by <a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_Kersauson" title="Olivier de Kersauson">Olivier de Kersauson</a>.</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(yacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation (yacht)">Cheyenne</a></i>, catamaran, formerly <i>PlayStation</i>, (holder of the world record for circumnavigations at the time of the start of Oryx Quest), skippered by <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Scully_(yachtsman)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Scully (yachtsman) (page does not exist)">David Scully</a>.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Results">Results</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Results">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th width="28" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> </th><th width="120">Boat name</th>
<th width="190">Crew </th><th width="170">Country</th> <th width="120">Time</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">1</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/Doha_2006_(yacht)" title="Doha 2006 (yacht)">Doha 2006</a></i>
</td>
<td><span data-sort-value="Thompson, Brian"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Thompson_(sailor)" title="Brian Thompson (sailor)"> Brian Thompson</a></span></span></span></td>
<td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><b>62d 21h 1m 22s</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">2</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(yacht)" title="Daedalus (yacht)">Daedalus</a></i>
</td>
<td><span data-sort-value="Bullimore, Tony"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bullimore" title="Tony Bullimore"> Tony Bullimore</a></span></span></span></td>
<td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><b>75d 0h 20m 48s</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(yacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation (yacht)">Cheyenne</a></i>
</td>
<td><span data-sort-value="Scully, David"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Scully_(yachtsman)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Scully (yachtsman) (page does not exist)"> David Scully</a></span></span></span></td>
<td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><b>DNF</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_(yacht)" title="Geronimo (yacht)">Geronimo</a></i>
</td>
<td><span data-sort-value="Kersauson, Olivier de"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_Kersauson" title="Olivier de Kersauson"> Olivier de Kersauson</a></span></span></span></td>
<td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><b>DNF</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div>
<p><small></small>
Legend:<small> <span class="nowrap"><b>DNF</b> Did not finish;</span> </small>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Race">Race</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Race">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p><i><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_(yacht)" title="Geronimo (yacht)">Geronimo</a></i> was the first elimination on 2 March, as a result of hull damage following a collision with flotsam. <a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_Kersauson" title="Olivier de Kersauson">de Kersauson</a> returned to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> to have the boat repaired, and to break the record for the circumnavigation of the <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> in July. A week later the mast of <i>Cheyenne</i> broke just after the boat had rounded <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>. With two remaining boats, <i>Doha 2006</i> won the race, finishing with an overall time of 62 days, 21 hours and 1 minute. The more-than-20-year-old <i>Daedalus</i> crossed the finishing line some 13 days later.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Media coverage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Media coverage in the Middle East, Far East and Asia (Qatar's key target markets) was valued at $46 million and the weekly race programmes made by APP were seen in 600 million homes, making it the most widely watched race in yachting history. The website including the children's 'Ali the Albatross' education pages received over 20 million hits. Tracy and her team also put together Qatar's first Sports Education Programme to which over 10,000 Qatari school children signed up.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial_fiasco">Financial fiasco</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Financial fiasco">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>HSBC paid £3 million towards the event and Edwards personally borrowed £8 million to pay suppliers, her team and each of the competitors was paid between $1 million and $2 million each to enter (the first time a yacht race has managed to do this). However, Qatar Sports International reneged on the £6 million sponsorship deal and $1 million prize money and Edwards was consequently forced into bankruptcy and lost her home. She was discharged in September 2005. Edwards' legal team in Qatar won the first stage of her legal action in Qatar on 31 January 2006. Legal action to recover monies owed to Quest, its suppliers and Edwards herself is still ongoing.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism">Criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Organiser Edwards was criticised by <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Peyron" title="Bruno Peyron">Bruno Peyron</a> for splitting the field of potential participants by insisting on her own event, so that as a result Peyron was not able to recruit enough participants for his own event: a second edition of The Race. He won the 2005 Jules Verne Trophy instead, improving the record for <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> which had previously been held by <i>Cheyenne</i>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yachtingworld.com/news/oryx-quest-2005-update-29448">"Oryx Quest 2005 update"</a>. Yachting World. 28 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Oryx+Quest+2005+update&amp;rft.pub=Yachting+World&amp;rft.date=2004-09-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yachtingworld.com%2Fnews%2Foryx-quest-2005-update-29448&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOryx+Quest" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yachtingworld.com/news/oryx-quest-2005-start-26164">"Oryx Quest 2005 start"</a>. Yachting World. 5 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Oryx+Quest+2005+start&amp;rft.pub=Yachting+World&amp;rft.date=2005-02-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yachtingworld.com%2Fnews%2Foryx-quest-2005-start-26164&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOryx+Quest" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryx_Quest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050520091017/http://www.oryxquest.com/">"Mon blog d'infos généralistes et sur le voyage - Découvrez mes actus, mes rêves et mes voyages"</a>. Archived from the original on May 20, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mon+blog+d%27infos+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralistes+et+sur+le+voyage+-+D%C3%A9couvrez+mes+actus%2C+mes+r%C3%AAves+et+mes+voyages&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oryxquest.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOryx+Quest" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-Handed_Trans-Atlantic_Race" title="Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race">Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solitaire_du_Figaro" title="Solitaire du Figaro">Solitaire du Figaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mini_Transat_Race" title="Mini Transat Race">Mini Transat Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Polonez_Cup" title="Polonez Cup">Polonez Cup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Route_du_Rhum" title="Route du Rhum">Route du Rhum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_Golden_Globe_Race" title="Sunday Times Golden Globe Race">Sunday Times Golden Globe Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e_Globe" title="Vendée Globe">Vendée Globe</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generali_Solo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Generali Solo (page does not exist)">Generali Solo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generali_Solo" class="extiw" title="fr:Generali Solo">fr</a>&#93;</span></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transat_B_to_B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Transat B to B (page does not exist)">Transat B to B</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transat_B_to_B" class="extiw" title="fr:Transat B to B">fr</a>&#93;</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Velux_5_Oceans_Race" title="Velux 5 Oceans Race">Velux 5 Oceans Race</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transat_Jacques_Vabre" title="Transat Jacques Vabre">Transat Jacques Vabre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Two-Handed_Trans-Atlantic_Race" title="Two-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race">Two-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini-Fastnet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mini-Fastnet (page does not exist)">Mini-Fastnet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-Fastnet" class="extiw" title="fr:Mini-Fastnet">fr</a>&#93;</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_World_Race" title="Barcelona World Race">Barcelona World Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transat_AG2R" title="Transat AG2R">Transat AG2R</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed races</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral%27s_Cup" title="Admiral&#39;s Cup">Admiral's Cup</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calais_Round_Britain_Race&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Calais Round Britain Race (page does not exist)">Calais Round Britain Race</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calais_Round_Britain_Race" class="extiw" title="fr:Calais Round Britain Race">fr</a>&#93;</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clipper_Round_the_World_Yacht_Race" title="Clipper Round the World Yacht Race">Clipper Round the World Yacht Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EDHEC_Sailing_Cup" title="EDHEC Sailing Cup">EDHEC Sailing Cup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fastnet_Race" title="Fastnet Race">Fastnet Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fremantle_to_Bali_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremantle to Bali Race">Fremantle to Bali Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Global_Challenge" title="Global Challenge">Global Challenge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Half_Ton_Cup" title="Half Ton Cup">Half Ton Cup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Europa_Race" title="Istanbul Europa Race">Istanbul Europa Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Trophy" title="Jules Verne Trophy">Jules Verne Trophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marblehead_to_Halifax_Ocean_Race" title="Marblehead to Halifax Ocean Race">Marblehead to Halifax Ocean Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Bermuda_Race" title="Newport Bermuda Race">Newport Bermuda Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/One_Ton_Cup" title="One Ton Cup">One Ton Cup</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oryx Quest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Round_Ireland_Yacht_Race" title="Round Ireland Yacht Race">Round Ireland Yacht Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Route_de_la_d%C3%A9couverte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Route de la découverte (page does not exist)">Route de la découverte</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_de_la_d%C3%A9couverte" class="extiw" title="fr:Route de la découverte">fr</a>&#93;</span></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Route_de_l%27Or&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Route de l&#39;Or (page does not exist)">Route de l'Or</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_de_l%27Or" class="extiw" title="fr:Route de l&#39;Or">fr</a>&#93;</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Route_Halifax_Saint-Pierre_Ocean_Race" title="Route Halifax Saint-Pierre Ocean Race">Route Halifax Saint-Pierre Ocean Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_to_Hobart_Yacht_Race" title="Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race">Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sywoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Sywoc">Sywoc</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tall_Ships%27_Races" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall Ships&#39; Races">Tall Ships' Races</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Race_(yachting_race)" title="The Race (yachting race)">The Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France_%C3%A0_la_voile" title="Tour de France à la voile">Tour de France à la voile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transat_Qu%C3%A9bec-Saint-Malo" class="mw-redirect" title="Transat Québec-Saint-Malo">Transat Québec-Saint-Malo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transpacific_Yacht_Race" title="Transpacific Yacht Race">Transpacific Yacht Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Ocean_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Volvo Ocean Race">Volvo Ocean Race</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Francisco Funes</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Salvadoran cyclist</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span class="fn">Francisco Funes</span></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ADDFAD;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-03-28</span>) </span>28 March 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;72)</span><br />San Juan Nonualco, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Francisco Funes</b> (born 25 March 1950) is a former Salvadoran <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">cyclist</a>. He competed in the <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_individual_road_race" title="Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s individual road race">individual road race</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team_time_trial" title="Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s team time trial">team time trial</a> events at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sports-reference_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sports-reference-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Funes&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-sports-reference-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sports-reference_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321093924/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fu/francisco-funes-1.html">"Francisco Funes Olympic Results"</a>. <i>sports-reference.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fu/francisco-funes-1.html">the original</a> on 21 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sports-reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Francisco+Funes+Olympic+Results&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fathletes%2Ffu%2Ffrancisco-funes-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancisco+Funes" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Funes&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="wd_p1663"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/258461">Francisco Funes</a> at ProCyclingStats<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18043892#P1663"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="wd_p8286"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/14392">Francisco Funes</a> at Olympedia<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18043892#P8286"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li></ul>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align: middle; background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/30px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/45px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/60px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" class="image"><img alt="Biography icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article relating to Salvadoran cycling is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Funes&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ElSalvador-cycling-bio-stub" title="Template:ElSalvador-cycling-bio-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ElSalvador-cycling-bio-stub" title="Template talk:ElSalvador-cycling-bio-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:ElSalvador-cycling-bio-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Ciceribacter lividus</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of bacterium</div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><i>Ciceribacter lividus</i>
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<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>
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<td>Domain:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="domain"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></div>
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<td>Phylum:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonadota" title="Pseudomonadota">Pseudomonadota</a></div>
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="class"><a href="/wiki/Alphaproteobacteria" title="Alphaproteobacteria">Alphaproteobacteria</a></div>
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Hyphomicrobiales" title="Hyphomicrobiales">Hyphomicrobiales</a></div>
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<td>Family:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Rhizobiaceae" title="Rhizobiaceae">Rhizobiaceae</a></div>
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<td>Genus:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><a href="/wiki/Ciceribacter" title="Ciceribacter">Ciceribacter</a></i></div>
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<td>Species:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C.&#160;lividus</b></i></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i><b>Ciceribacter lividus</b></i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Kathiravan <i>et al</i>. 2013<sup id="cite_ref-Ciceribacter-lividus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciceribacter-lividus-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(220,235,245)"><a href="/wiki/Type_strain" class="mw-redirect" title="Type strain">Type strain</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">DSM 25528, KCTC 32403, MSSRFBL1<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<p><i><b>Ciceribacter lividus</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen fixing">nitrogen fixing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram-negative">Gram-negative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_organism" title="Aerobic organism">aerobic</a> and motile bacterium from the genus of <a href="/wiki/Ciceribacter" title="Ciceribacter">Ciceribacter</a> which has been isolated from <a href="/wiki/Rhizosphere" title="Rhizosphere">rhizosphere</a> soil from the plant <i><a href="/wiki/Cicer_arietinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicer arietinum">Cicer arietinum</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Kannivadi,_Dindigul" title="Kannivadi, Dindigul">Kannivadi</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ciceribacter-lividus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciceribacter-lividus-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciceribacter_lividus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Ciceribacter-lividus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ciceribacter-lividus_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ciceribacter-lividus_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFParte" class="citation journal cs1">Parte, A.C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ciceribacter">"Ciceribacter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=LPSN&amp;rft.atitle=Ciceribacter&amp;rft.aulast=Parte&amp;rft.aufirst=A.C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flpsn.dsmz.de%2Fgenus%2Fciceribacter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACiceribacter+lividus" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straininfo.net/strains/893737">"DSM 25528 Strain Passport - StrainInfo"</a>. <i>www.straininfo.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=www.straininfo.net&amp;rft.atitle=DSM+25528+Strain+Passport+-+StrainInfo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straininfo.net%2Fstrains%2F893737&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACiceribacter+lividus" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1197950">"Ciceribacter lividus"</a>. <i>www.uniprot.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=www.uniprot.org&amp;rft.atitle=Ciceribacter+lividus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniprot.org%2Ftaxonomy%2F1197950&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACiceribacter+lividus" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKathiravanJeganGangaPrabavathy2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kathiravan, R.; Jegan, S.; Ganga, V.; Prabavathy, V. R.; Tushar, L.; Sasikala, C.; Ramana, C. V. (1 August 2013). "Ciceribacter lividus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.)". <i>International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</i>. <b>63</b> (Pt 12): 44844488. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijs.0.049726-0">10.1099/ijs.0.049726-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23907221">23907221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&amp;rft.atitle=Ciceribacter+lividus+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+rhizosphere+soil+of+chick+pea+%28Cicer+arietinum+L.%29&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft.issue=Pt+12&amp;rft.pages=4484-4488&amp;rft.date=2013-08-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fijs.0.049726-0&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23907221&amp;rft.aulast=Kathiravan&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.au=Jegan%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Ganga%2C+V.&amp;rft.au=Prabavathy%2C+V.+R.&amp;rft.au=Tushar%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Sasikala%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Ramana%2C+C.+V.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACiceribacter+lividus" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciceribacter_lividus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=24486&amp;submit=Search">Type strain of <i>Ciceribacter lividus</i> at Bac<i>Dive</i> - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25841401" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q25841401">Q25841401</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BacDive" title="BacDive">BacDive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/24486">24486</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature">LPSN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bacterio.net/ciceribacter.html#lividus">ciceribacter.html#lividus</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=1197950">1197950</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Hyphomicrobiales" title="Hyphomicrobiales">Hyphomicrobiales</a> article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciceribacter_lividus&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hyphomicrobiales-stub" title="Template:Hyphomicrobiales-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hyphomicrobiales-stub" title="Template talk:Hyphomicrobiales-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Hyphomicrobiales-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dalton Hilliard</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player (born 1964)</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 25em; line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="line-height: initial;">Dalton Hilliard</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">No. 21</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Position:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Running_back" title="Running back">Running back</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Born:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1964-01-21</span>) </span>January 21, 1964<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;58)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Patterson,_Louisiana" title="Patterson, Louisiana">Patterson, Louisiana</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">High school:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patterson_High_School_(Louisiana)" title="Patterson High School (Louisiana)">Patterson (LA)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">College:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LSU_Tigers_football" title="LSU Tigers football">LSU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">NFL Draft:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1986_NFL_Draft" title="1986 NFL Draft">1986</a>&#160;/ Round:&#160;2&#160;/ Pick:&#160;31</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career history
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a> (<a href="/wiki/1986_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1986 New Orleans Saints season">1986</a><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1993 New Orleans Saints season">1993</a>)</li></ul>
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</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career highlights and awards
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<ul><li>Second-team <a href="/wiki/All-Pro" title="All-Pro">All-Pro</a> (<a href="/wiki/1989_All-Pro_Team" title="1989 All-Pro Team">1989</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Pro_Bowl" title="1990 Pro Bowl">1989</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints#New_Orleans_Saints_Hall_of_Fame" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame">Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame</a></li>
<li>3× First-team All-<a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">SEC</a> (<a href="/wiki/1982_All-SEC_football_team" title="1982 All-SEC football team">1982</a>, <a href="/wiki/1984_All-SEC_football_team" title="1984 All-SEC football team">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/1985_All-SEC_football_team" title="1985 All-SEC football team">1985</a>)</li></ul>
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</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career NFL statistics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;">Rushing yards:</th><td class="infobox-data">4,164</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;">Average:</th><td class="infobox-data">3.7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;">Total <a href="/wiki/Touchdown" title="Touchdown">Touchdowns</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">53</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Player stats at <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/players/HIL711888/stats/">NFL.com</a></b>&#160;·&#160;<b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HillDa00.htm">PFR</a></b></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Dalton Andrea Hilliard</b> (born January 21, 1964) is a former professional <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Running_back" title="Running back">running back</a> for the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a> from 1986-1993. He played his entire <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) career for the Saints and was a <a href="/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a> selection in 1989. He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame">New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame</a>.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#College_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">College career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Professional_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Professional career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#NFL_career_statistics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">NFL career statistics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="College_career">College career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Hilliard&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: College career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Hilliard played college football at <a href="/wiki/LSU_Tigers_football" title="LSU Tigers football">Louisiana State University</a> from 1982 to 1985. He is one of three running backs to rush for over 4,000 yards in their career at LSU. He is 5th all-time in rushing touchdowns in SEC history with 44.
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<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<caption>College rushing statistics* <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th rowspan="2">Year</th>
<th rowspan="2">Team</th>
<th rowspan="2">GP</th>
<th colspan="4">Rushing</th>
<th rowspan="7"></th>
<th colspan="4">Receiving</th>
<th rowspan="7"></th>
<th colspan="4">Scrimmage
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>Att</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>Avg</th>
<th>TD</th>
<th>Rec</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>Avg</th>
<th>TD</th>
<th>Plays</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>TD
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1982</td>
<td>LSU</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>193</td>
<td>901</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>368</td>
<td>11.9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>224</td>
<td>1,269</td>
<td>16
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1983</td>
<td>LSU</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>177</td>
<td>747</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>248</td>
<td>8.0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>208</td>
<td>995</td>
<td>6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1984</td>
<td>LSU</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>254</td>
<td>1,268</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>204</td>
<td>8.5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>278</td>
<td>1,472</td>
<td>14
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1985</td>
<td>LSU</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>258</td>
<td>1,134</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>313</td>
<td>9.2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>292</td>
<td>1,447</td>
<td>14
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Career</th>
<th>LSU</th>
<th>11</th>
<th>882</th>
<th>4,050</th>
<th>4.6</th>
<th>44</th>
<th>120</th>
<th>1,133</th>
<th>9.4</th>
<th>6</th>
<th>1,002</th>
<th>5,183</th>
<th>50
</th></tr></tbody></table><p>*Does not include bowl games.
</p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_career">Professional career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Hilliard&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Professional career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Hilliard played eight seasons with the New Orleans Saints. His most productive season came in 1989 when he rushed for 1,262 yards and scored 18 touchdowns. He became the first player in NFL history to rush for 1200 yards, catch 50 passes, score 18 touchdowns and have fewer than 8 fumbles in a single season. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="NFL_career_statistics">NFL career statistics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Hilliard&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: NFL career statistics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year</th>
<th>Team</th>
<th>GP</th>
<th>Att</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>Avg</th>
<th>Lng</th>
<th>TD</th>
<th>Rec</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>Avg</th>
<th>Lng</th>
<th>TD
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1986_NFL_season" title="1986 NFL season">1986</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1986_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1986 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td><b>16</b></td>
<td>121</td>
<td>425</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>6.3</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1987_NFL_season" title="1987 NFL season">1987</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1987_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1987 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td>12</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>508</td>
<td><b>4.1</b></td>
<td>30</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>264</td>
<td><b>11.5</b></td>
<td>38</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1988_NFL_season" title="1988 NFL season">1988</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1988_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1988 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td><b>16</b></td>
<td>204</td>
<td>823</td>
<td>4.0</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1989_NFL_season" title="1989 NFL season">1989</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1989 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td><b>16</b></td>
<td><b>334</b></td>
<td><b>1262</b></td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>40</td>
<td><b>13</b></td>
<td><b>52</b></td>
<td><b>514</b></td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td><b>54</b></td>
<td><b>5</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1990_NFL_season" title="1990 NFL season">1990</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1990 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td>6</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>284</td>
<td>3.2</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>8.9</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1991_NFL_season" title="1991 NFL season">1991</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1991_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1991 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td>10</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>252</td>
<td>3.2</td>
<td><b>65</b></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>6.0</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1992_NFL_season" title="1992 NFL season">1992</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1992_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1992 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td><b>16</b></td>
<td>115</td>
<td>445</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>465</td>
<td>9.7</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/1993_NFL_season" title="1993 NFL season">1993</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Orleans_Saints_season" title="1993 New Orleans Saints season">NO</a>
</th>
<td><b>16</b></td>
<td>50</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>296</td>
<td>7.4</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Career</th>
<th>108</th>
<th>1,126</th>
<th>4,164</th>
<th>3.7</th>
<th>65</th>
<th>39</th>
<th>249</th>
<th>2,233</th>
<th>9.0</th>
<th>54</th>
<th>14
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Hilliard&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Hilliard is from <a href="/wiki/Patterson,_Louisiana" title="Patterson, Louisiana">Patterson, Louisiana</a> and lived in <a href="/wiki/Destrehan,_Louisiana" title="Destrehan, Louisiana">Destrehan, Louisiana</a> during his playing career. He is the father of Dalton Hilliard, Jr., who played football at <a href="/wiki/Brother_Martin_High_School" title="Brother Martin High School">Brother Martin High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholls_State_Colonels_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholls State Colonels football">Nicholls State</a>.
</p><p>Hilliard is the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Ike_Hilliard" title="Ike Hilliard">Ike Hilliard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Hilliard" title="Kenny Hilliard">Kenny Hilliard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Hilliard&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123207/http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/dalton-hilliard-2.html">"Dalton Hilliard 2"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/dalton-hilliard-2.html">the original</a> on 2015-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dalton+Hilliard+2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Fcfb%2Fplayers%2Fdalton-hilliard-2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+Hilliard" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416053551/http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HillDa00.htm">"Dalton Hilliard NFL Football Statistics"</a>. <i>Pro-Football-Reference.com</i>. Sports Reference.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HillDa00.htm">the original</a> on April 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pro-Football-Reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Dalton+Hilliard+NFL+Football+Statistics&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pro-football-reference.com%2Fplayers%2FH%2FHillDa00.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+Hilliard" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://espn.go.com/high-school/football/story/_/id/4790167/seeing-believing-hilliard/">Seeing is believing with Hilliard</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dombrowski" title="Jim Dombrowski">Jim Dombrowski</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dalton Hilliard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rueben_Mayes" title="Rueben Mayes">Rueben Mayes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Swilling" title="Pat Swilling">Pat Swilling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Word" title="Barry Word">Barry Word</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Edwards" title="Kelvin Edwards">Kelvin Edwards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Sutton" title="Reggie Sutton">Reggie Sutton</a></li>
<li>Bob Thompson</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Fenerty" title="Gill Fenerty">Gill Fenerty</a></li>
<li>Filipo Mokofisi</li>
<li>Merlon Jones</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Dumbauld" title="Jon Dumbauld">Jon Dumbauld</a></li>
<li>Pat Swoopes</li>
<li>Sebastian Brown</li></ul>
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<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archie_Manning" title="Archie Manning">Archie Manning</a> (1988)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Abramowicz" title="Danny Abramowicz">Danny Abramowicz</a> (1988)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Myers_(safety)" title="Tom Myers (safety)">Tommy Myers</a> (1989)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Dempsey" title="Tom Dempsey">Tom Dempsey</a> (1989)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Kilmer" title="Billy Kilmer">Billy Kilmer</a> (1990)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derland_Moore" title="Derland Moore">Derland Moore</a> (1991)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Galbreath" title="Tony Galbreath">Tony Galbreath</a> (1991)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_(American_football)" title="George Rogers (American football)">George Rogers</a> (1992)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Kupp" title="Jake Kupp">Jake Kupp</a> (1992)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hill_(American_football)" title="John Hill (American football)">John Hill</a> (1992)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Federspiel" title="Joe Federspiel">Joe Federspiel</a> (1993)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Finks" title="Jim Finks">Jim Finks</a> (1994)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Childs" title="Henry Childs">Henry Childs</a> (1994)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Pollard" title="Bob Pollard">Bob Pollard</a> (1995)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Atkins" title="Doug Atkins">Doug Atkins</a> (1995)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Whitsell" title="Dave Whitsell">Dave Whitsell</a> (1996)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Waymer" title="Dave Waymer">Dave Waymer</a> (1996)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Jackson" title="Rickey Jackson">Rickey Jackson</a> (1997)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Brock" title="Stan Brock">Stan Brock</a> (1997)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dalton Hilliard</a> (1998)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mills" title="Sam Mills">Sam Mills</a> (1998)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hebert" title="Bobby Hebert">Bobby Hebert</a> (1999)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Martin_(wide_receiver)" title="Eric Martin (wide receiver)">Eric Martin</a> (1999)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Johnson" title="Vaughan Johnson">Vaughan Johnson</a> (2000)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Swilling" title="Pat Swilling">Pat Swilling</a> (2000)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoby_Brenner" title="Hoby Brenner">Hoby Brenner</a> (2001)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilks" title="Jim Wilks">Jim Wilks</a> (2001)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_E._Mora" title="Jim E. Mora">Jim Mora</a> (2002)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Warren_(American_football)" title="Frank Warren (American football)">Frank Warren</a> (2002)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Martin_(American_football)" title="Wayne Martin (American football)">Wayne Martin</a> (2003)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dombrowski" title="Jim Dombrowski">Jim Dombrowski</a> (2003)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rueben_Mayes" title="Rueben Mayes">Rueben Mayes</a> (2004)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sidwell_(American_football)" title="Steve Sidwell (American football)">Steve Sidwell</a> (2004)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hilgenberg" title="Joel Hilgenberg">Joel Hilgenberg</a> (2006)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnson_(defensive_end)" title="Joe Johnson (defensive end)">Joe Johnson</a> (2007)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Roaf" title="Willie Roaf">Willie Roaf</a> (2008)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morten_Andersen" title="Morten Andersen">Morten Andersen</a> (2009)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Horn" title="Joe Horn">Joe Horn</a> (2010)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Knight" title="Sammy Knight">Sammy Knight</a> (2011)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deuce_McAllister" title="Deuce McAllister">Deuce McAllister</a> (2012)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Benson" title="Tom Benson">Tom Benson</a> (2012)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/La%27Roi_Glover" title="La&#39;Roi Glover">La'Roi Glover</a> (2013)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Brooks_(American_football)" title="Aaron Brooks (American football)">Aaron Brooks</a> (2014)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Carney_(American_football)" title="John Carney (American football)">John Carney</a> (2014)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lewis_(wide_receiver)" title="Michael Lewis (wide receiver)">Michael Lewis</a> (2015)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Hughes" title="Tyrone Hughes">Tyrone Hughes</a> (2015)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith_(defensive_end)" title="Will Smith (defensive end)">Will Smith</a> (2016)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Vilma" title="Jonathan Vilma">Jonathan Vilma</a> (2017)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Nicks_(American_football)" title="Carl Nicks (American football)">Carl Nicks</a> (2018)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lance_Moore" title="Lance Moore">Lance Moore</a> (2018)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Thomas_(American_football)" title="Pierre Thomas (American football)">Pierre Thomas</a> (2018)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Bush" title="Reggie Bush">Reggie Bush</a> (2019)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marques_Colston" title="Marques Colston">Marques Colston</a> (2019)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jahri_Evans" title="Jahri Evans">Jahri Evans</a> (2020)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Harper" title="Roman Harper">Roman Harper</a> (2020)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Fata Tamati</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Samoan politician</div>
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<p><b>Fata Tamati</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Western Samoan</a> chief and politician. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Samoa" title="Legislative Assembly of Samoa">Legislative Assembly</a> from 1948 to 1951.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fata_Tamati&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>When the Legislative Assembly was established in 1948, Tamati <a href="/wiki/1948_Western_Samoan_general_election" title="1948 Western Samoan general election">was chosen</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Tuamasaga" title="Tuamasaga">Tuamasaga</a> by the three <i>Fautua</i> (high chiefs).<sup id="cite_ref-PIM3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM3-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> He was not re-elected in <a href="/wiki/1951_Western_Samoan_general_election" title="1951 Western Samoan general election">1951</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fata_Tamati&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-PIM3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-316652217/view?partId=nla.obj-316681228#page/n50/mode/1up/">W. Samoa's New Assembly Now Taking Shape: Samoan Members Chosen</a> <i>Pacific Islands Monthly</i>, May 1948, p49</span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Eunidia nigroapicaloides</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of beetle</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Eunidia nigroapicaloides</i>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>
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<tr>
<td>Kingdom:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Phylum:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Class:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="class"><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Order:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">Coleoptera</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Suborder:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="suborder"><a href="/wiki/Polyphaga" title="Polyphaga">Polyphaga</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Family:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Cerambycidae</a></div>
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<tr>
<td>Genus:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eunidia" title="Eunidia">Eunidia</a></b></i></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Species:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>E.&#160;nigroapicaloides</b></i></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Eunidia nigroapicaloides</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Breuning, 1976</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Eunidia nigroapicaloides</b></i> is a species of <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetle</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Cerambycidae</a>. It was described by <a href="/wiki/Stephan_von_Breuning_(entomologist)" title="Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)">Stephan von Breuning</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eunidia_nigroapicaloides&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id515089/">BioLib.cz - <i>Eunidia nigroapicaloides</i></a>. Retrieved on 8 September 2014.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
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<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14821217" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q14821217">Q14821217</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eunidia_nigroapicaloides" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Eunidia nigroapicaloides">Eunidia nigroapicaloides</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id515089">515089</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/120201">120201</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/1148492">1148492</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=10049468">10049468</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Welsh, Ohio</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p><b>Welsh</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated community">unincorporated community</a> in <a href="/wiki/Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Meigs County, Ohio">Meigs County</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Welsh is located along State Route 143, near the Welsh Farm, and is named after the Welsh family that settled in the area. Rev. TA Welsh moved to Meigs County in the mid-1840s. He came to serve as pastor of the Alexander Presbyterian Church, and later was an integral part of establishing the Harrisonville Presbyterian Church, where some of his descendants still attend. During his life, TA served in the Ohio State House of Representatives and Ohio State Senate. His home also served as a stop on the Underground Railroad.
</p><p>References:
1. Welsh Family history. TA Welsh is my gg-grandfather.
2. History of Harrisonville Church.
3. History of Alexander Presbyterian Church.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh,_Ohio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>A post office called Welsh was established in 1898, and remained in operation until 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> A share of the early settlers of Meigs County were of Welsh extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh,_Ohio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/summary/1049303">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Welsh, Ohio</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&amp;state=OH&amp;county=Meigs">"Meigs County"</a>. Jim Forte Postal History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Meigs+County&amp;rft.pub=Jim+Forte+Postal+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postalhistory.com%2Fpostoffices.asp%3Ftask%3Ddisplay%26state%3DOH%26county%3DMeigs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPickensTribe2014" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, Jordan D.; Tribe, Ivan M. (10 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q9zlAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7"><i>Meigs County</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p.&#160;7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4671-1134-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4671-1134-8"><bdi>978-1-4671-1134-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Meigs+County&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2014-03-10&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4671-1134-8&amp;rft.aulast=Pickens&amp;rft.aufirst=Jordan+D.&amp;rft.au=Tribe%2C+Ivan+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq9zlAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Meigs_County,_Ohio,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Template:Meigs County, Ohio"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Template talk:Meigs County, Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Meigs_County,_Ohio&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Meigs_County,_Ohio,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Meigs County, Ohio"><span class="region">Meigs County, Ohio</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="County_seat:_Pomeroy"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Pomeroy,_Ohio" title="Pomeroy, Ohio"><span>Pomeroy</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Ohio)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middleport,_Ohio" title="Middleport, Ohio">Middleport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroy,_Ohio" title="Pomeroy, Ohio">Pomeroy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Racine,_Ohio" title="Racine, Ohio">Racine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rutland,_Ohio" title="Rutland, Ohio">Rutland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Ohio" title="Syracuse, Ohio">Syracuse</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Meigs_County.svg/80px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Meigs_County.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Map of Ohio highlighting Meigs County" width="80" height="87" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Meigs_County.svg/120px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Meigs_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Meigs_County.svg/160px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Meigs_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3675" data-file-height="3995" /></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Bedford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Chester Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Chester</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Columbia Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Lebanon Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Letart_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Letart Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Letart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Olive Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Olive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Orange Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Orange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Rutland Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Rutland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Salem Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Salem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Salisbury Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Salisbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scipio_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Scipio Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Scipio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Township,_Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Sutton Township, Meigs County, Ohio">Sutton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuppers_Plains,_Ohio" title="Tuppers Plains, Ohio">Tuppers Plains</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiquity,_Ohio" title="Antiquity, Ohio">Antiquity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Grove,_Ohio" title="Apple Grove, Ohio">Apple Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carletonville,_Ohio" title="Carletonville, Ohio">Carletonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter,_Ohio" title="Carpenter, Ohio">Carpenter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chester,_Ohio" title="Chester, Ohio">Chester</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Ohio" title="Darwin, Ohio">Darwin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonville,_Ohio" title="Harrisonville, Ohio">Harrisonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury,_Ohio" title="Kingsbury, Ohio">Kingsbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Langsville,_Ohio" title="Langsville, Ohio">Langsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Letart_Falls,_Ohio" title="Letart Falls, Ohio">Letart Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bottom,_Ohio" title="Long Bottom, Ohio">Long Bottom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minersville,_Ohio" title="Minersville, Ohio">Minersville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Ohio" title="Portland, Ohio">Portland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reedsville,_Ohio" title="Reedsville, Ohio">Reedsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Center,_Ohio" title="Salem Center, Ohio">Salem Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Run,_Ohio" title="Silver Run, Ohio">Silver Run</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spiller,_Ohio" title="Spiller, Ohio">Spiller</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Success,_Ohio" title="Success, Ohio">Success</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora,_Ohio" title="Flora, Ohio">Flora</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Welsh,_Ohio&amp;params=39_09_02_N_82_10_23_W_type:city_region:US-OH_source:GNIS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°0902″N</span> <span class="longitude">82°1023″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.15056°N 82.17306°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">39.15056; -82.17306</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ohio.svg" class="image"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Meigs County, Ohio">Meigs County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> state location article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welsh,_Ohio&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MeigsCountyOH-geo-stub" title="Template:MeigsCountyOH-geo-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MeigsCountyOH-geo-stub" title="Template talk:MeigsCountyOH-geo-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:MeigsCountyOH-geo-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bronson Winthrop</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Bronson Winthrop</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frederic Bronson Winthrop</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1863-12-22</span>)</span>December 22, 1863<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 14, 1944<span style="display:none">(1944-07-14)</span> (aged&#160;80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Syosset,_New_York" title="Syosset, New York">Syosset</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Stimson,_Putnam_%26_Roberts" title="Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam &amp; Roberts">Winthrop &amp; Stimson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egerton_Leigh_Winthrop" title="Egerton Leigh Winthrop">Egerton Leigh Winthrop</a><br />Charlotte Troup Bronson</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Frederic Bronson Winthrop</b> (December 22, 1863&#160;&#8211;&#32;July 14, 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> was an American philanthropist and lawyer with <a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Stimson,_Putnam_%26_Roberts" title="Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam &amp; Roberts">Winthrop &amp; Stimson</a> who was prominent in New York society during the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>.
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
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</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_Winthrop&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Winthrop was born on December 22, 1863 in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris, France</a> where his family was living during the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Civil War">U.S. Civil War</a>. His parents were <a href="/wiki/Egerton_Leigh_Winthrop" title="Egerton Leigh Winthrop">Egerton Leigh Winthrop</a><sup id="cite_ref-ELWObit1916_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELWObit1916-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> and Charlotte Troup (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Bronson) Winthrop.<sup id="cite_ref-CTWObit1872_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTWObit1872-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis2016-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> He had two older siblings,<sup id="cite_ref-Cyclopaedia1967_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyclopaedia1967-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greene1954_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene1954-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Egerton Leigh Winthrop, Jr., a lawyer and banker in New York,<sup id="cite_ref-EWJrObit1926_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWJrObit1926-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pennoyer2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennoyer2003-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> and Charlotte Bronson Winthrop.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> His father, also a prominent lawyer, was a former president of the <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Club" title="Knickerbocker Club">Knickerbocker Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ELWObit1916_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELWObit1916-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>His paternal grandparents were Benjamin Robert Winthrop and Elizabeth Ann Neilson (née Coles) Winthrop.<sup id="cite_ref-1879Funeral_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1879Funeral-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> Through his father, he was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Wait_Winthrop" title="Wait Winthrop">Wait Winthrop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">Joseph Dudley</a> (both <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> leaders), and through his great-grandmother, Judith (née Stuyvesant) Winthrop, he was a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_New_Netherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Director-General of New Netherland">Director-General of New Netherland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-StNick1905_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StNick1905-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_the_Elder" title="Robert Livingston the Elder">Robert Livingston the Elder</a>, the 1st Lord of <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Manor" title="Livingston Manor">Livingston Manor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds1914_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds1914-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StNick1905_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StNick1905-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GFObit1869_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFObit1869-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> His maternal grandfather was Frederic Bronson and his uncle was <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Bronson" title="Frederic Bronson">Frederic Bronson Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-MacRury1968_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacRury1968-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> His great-grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bronson" title="Isaac Bronson">Isaac Bronson</a>, was a founder of the <a href="/wiki/The_Bank_of_New_York_Mellon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bank of New York Mellon">New York Life and Trust Company</a>.
</p><p>Winthrop graduated with an A.B. degree and an A.M. degree from <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> in England in 1889. In 1891, he graduated with an <a href="/wiki/LL.B." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.B.">LL.B.</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_Winthrop&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Following his graduation from Columbia Law, he passed the bar and began the practice of law in New York. From 1893 until 1897, he was with the firm of Root, Howard, Winthrop &amp; Stimson, of which <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a> (later a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> under <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>) was a partner.<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> In 1901, he formed <a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Stimson,_Putnam_%26_Roberts" title="Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam &amp; Roberts">Winthrop &amp; Stimson</a> with <a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Henry L. Stimson</a>, who later served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War.<sup id="cite_ref-Conant2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conant2013-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> Winthrop also served as treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dietrich2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dietrich2015-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Winthrop was a director of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Manhattan_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of the Manhattan Company">Bank of the Manhattan Company</a>, a trustee of the <a href="/wiki/American_Surety_Building" title="American Surety Building">American Surety Company</a> and a vice president (honorary) of the <a href="/wiki/Community_Service_Society_of_New_York" title="Community Service Society of New York">Community Service Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> In 1934, he was elected vice president of the <a href="/wiki/Charity_Organization_Society" title="Charity Organization Society">Charity Organization Society</a> and served in that role until 1939 when the organization joined with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Association_for_Improving_the_Condition_of_the_Poor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor">New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor</a> into the Community Service Society.<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Society_life">Society life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_Winthrop&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Society life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 1892, Winthrop, along with his father and several members of his mother's family, was included in <a href="/wiki/Ward_McAllister" title="Ward McAllister">Ward McAllister</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Four_Hundred_(1892)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Hundred (1892)">Four Hundred</a>", purported to be an index of New York's best families, published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McAllister1892_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McAllister1892-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Patterson2000_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patterson2000-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Conveniently, 400 was the number of people that could fit into <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Astor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrs. Astor">Mrs. Astor</a>'s ballroom.<sup id="cite_ref-Keister2005_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keister2005-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Club" title="Knickerbocker Club">Knickerbocker Club</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Union_Club_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Union Club of the City of New York">Union Club of the City of New York</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Century_Association" title="Century Association">Century Club</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Club">Downtown Club</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York" title="University Club of New York">University Club of New York</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grolier_Club" title="Grolier Club">Grolier Club</a>, the Republican Club, the <a href="/wiki/Meadow_Brook_Golf_Club" title="Meadow Brook Golf Club">Meadow Brook Golf Club</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Piping_Rock_Club" title="Piping Rock Club">Piping Rock Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_Winthrop&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>After his father's death, he inherited a one third portion of his estate, along with his brother and deceased sister's only child.<sup id="cite_ref-1916Estate_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1916Estate-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> He received his father's New York home and Newport cottage with his brother as tenants in common.<sup id="cite_ref-1916Estate_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1916Estate-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Winthrop, who did not marry, died at his home on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> on July 14, 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBWObit1944-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> He had a townhouse in New York City at 39 <a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">East 72nd Street</a>. Winthrop's first summer home in <a href="/wiki/Muttontown,_New_York" title="Muttontown, New York">Muttontown, New York</a> (within the <a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyster Bay, New York">Town of Oyster Bay</a>), now known as <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall_(Muttontown,_New_York)" title="Nassau Hall (Muttontown, New York)">Nassau Hall</a>, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Delano_%26_Aldrich" title="Delano &amp; Aldrich">Delano &amp; Aldrich</a> around 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-oldlongisland_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldlongisland-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> He had the firm build him another home next door, a 12,000 square foot mansion, in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-Chamoff2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chamoff2015-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> The 168 acre estate was purchased by Landsdell Christie, who sold the property to <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a> in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman1998_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman1998-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> The 1904 home is today called Nassau Hall and houses the Nassau County Museum's administrative offices.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellerman1998_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellerman1998-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_Winthrop&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-FBWObit1944-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBWObit1944_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/07/15/87459408.pdf">"B. WINTHROP DEAD; STIMSON PARTNER; Senior Member of Law Firm Here Was 80; A Leader in Social, Charity Circles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 15, 1944<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=B.+WINTHROP+DEAD%3B+STIMSON+PARTNER%3B+Senior+Member+of+Law+Firm+Here+Was+80%3B+A+Leader+in+Social%2C+Charity+Circles&amp;rft.date=1944-07-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1944%2F07%2F15%2F87459408.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ELWObit1916-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ELWObit1916_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELWObit1916_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/04/07/100201515.pdf">"EGERTON L. WINTHROP DEAD | Veteran Lawyer and Banker Was Ex-President of Knickerbocker Club"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 7, 1916<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=EGERTON+L.+WINTHROP+DEAD+%7C+Veteran+Lawyer+and+Banker+Was+Ex-President+of+Knickerbocker+Club&amp;rft.date=1916-04-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1916%2F04%2F07%2F100201515.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CTWObit1872-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CTWObit1872_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1872/02/17/78776593.pdf">"DIED. WINTHROP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 17, 1872<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=DIED.+WINTHROP&amp;rft.date=1872-02-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1872%2F02%2F17%2F78776593.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Lewis2016-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis2016_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLewisTurnerMcQuillin2016" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Arnold; Turner, James; McQuillin, Steven (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CN3CAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA70"><i>The Opulent Interiors of the Gilded Age: All 203 Photographs from "Artistic Houses," with New Text</i></a>. Courier Corporation. p.&#160;70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486319476" title="Special:BookSources/9780486319476"><bdi>9780486319476</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Opulent+Interiors+of+the+Gilded+Age%3A+All+203+Photographs+from+%22Artistic+Houses%2C%22+with+New+Text&amp;rft.pages=70&amp;rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=9780486319476&amp;rft.aulast=Lewis&amp;rft.aufirst=Arnold&amp;rft.au=Turner%2C+James&amp;rft.au=McQuillin%2C+Steven&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCN3CAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA70&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cyclopaedia1967-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cyclopaedia1967_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQzYAAAAMAAJ"><i>The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founders, Builders, and Defenders of the Republic, and of the Men and Women who are Doing the Work and Moulding the Thought of the Present Time</i></a>. University Microfilms. 1967. p.&#160;303<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+National+Cyclopaedia+of+American+Biography%3A+Being+the+History+of+the+United+States+as+Illustrated+in+the+Lives+of+the+Founders%2C+Builders%2C+and+Defenders+of+the+Republic%2C+and+of+the+Men+and+Women+who+are+Doing+the+Work+and+Moulding+the+Thought+of+the+Present+Time&amp;rft.pages=303&amp;rft.pub=University+Microfilms&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGQzYAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Greene1954-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greene1954_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGreeneStilesDwightMorrison1954" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Richard Henry; Stiles, Henry Reed; Dwight, Melatiah Everett; Morrison, George Austin; Mott, Hopper Striker; Totten, John Reynolds; Pitman, Harold Minot; Ditmas, Charles Andrew; Forest, Louis Effingham De; Mann, Conklin; Maynard, Arthur S. (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRYoAQAAMAAJ"><i>The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record</i></a>. New York Genealogical and Biographical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+York+Genealogical+and+Biographical+Record&amp;rft.pub=New+York+Genealogical+and+Biographical+Society&amp;rft.date=1954&amp;rft.aulast=Greene&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+Henry&amp;rft.au=Stiles%2C+Henry+Reed&amp;rft.au=Dwight%2C+Melatiah+Everett&amp;rft.au=Morrison%2C+George+Austin&amp;rft.au=Mott%2C+Hopper+Striker&amp;rft.au=Totten%2C+John+Reynolds&amp;rft.au=Pitman%2C+Harold+Minot&amp;rft.au=Ditmas%2C+Charles+Andrew&amp;rft.au=Forest%2C+Louis+Effingham+De&amp;rft.au=Mann%2C+Conklin&amp;rft.au=Maynard%2C+Arthur+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRYoAQAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-EWJrObit1926-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EWJrObit1926_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1926/01/13/100040782.pdf">"EGERTON WINTHROP, IS DEAD; Formerly Was President of the Board of Education of This City. ACTIVE IN PHILANTHROPY Served for Years as Head of the Legal Aid Society -- Was Born In France"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. January 13, 1926<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=EGERTON+WINTHROP%2C+IS+DEAD%3B+Formerly+Was+President+of+the+Board+of+Education+of+This+City.+ACTIVE+IN+PHILANTHROPY+Served+for+Years+as+Head+of+the+Legal+Aid+Society+--+Was+Born+In+France.&amp;rft.date=1926-01-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1926%2F01%2F13%2F100040782.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Pennoyer2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pennoyer2003_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPennoyerWalker2003" class="citation book cs1">Pennoyer, Peter; Walker, Anne (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfsvwzwaQqUC&amp;pg=PA31"><i>The Architecture of Delano &amp; Aldrich</i></a>. W. W. Norton &amp; Company. p.&#160;31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393730876" title="Special:BookSources/9780393730876"><bdi>9780393730876</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Architecture+of+Delano+%26+Aldrich&amp;rft.pages=31&amp;rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=9780393730876&amp;rft.aulast=Pennoyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.au=Walker%2C+Anne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPfsvwzwaQqUC%26pg%3DPA31&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyhistory.org/exhibit/charlotte-winthrop-1863-1893">"Charlotte Winthrop (1863-1893)"</a>. <i>www.nyhistory.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.nyhistory.org&amp;rft.atitle=Charlotte+Winthrop+%281863-1893%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyhistory.org%2Fexhibit%2Fcharlotte-winthrop-1863-1893&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-1879Funeral-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1879Funeral_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/08/21/81758260.pdf">"FUNERAL OF BENJAMIN R. WINTHROP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. August 21, 1879<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=FUNERAL+OF+BENJAMIN+R.+WINTHROP&amp;rft.date=1879-08-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1879%2F08%2F21%2F81758260.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-StNick1905-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StNick1905_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StNick1905_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJM-AAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA32"><i>The Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York: History, Customs, Record of Events, Constitution, Certain Genealogies, and Other Matters of Interest. V. 1-</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Society_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York">Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York</a>. 1905. p.&#160;32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Saint+Nicholas+Society+of+the+City+of+New+York%3A+History%2C+Customs%2C+Record+of+Events%2C+Constitution%2C+Certain+Genealogies%2C+and+Other+Matters+of+Interest.+V.+1-&amp;rft.pages=32&amp;rft.pub=Saint+Nicholas+Society+of+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.date=1905&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJM-AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA32&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Reynolds1914-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds1914_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1914" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Cuyler (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genealogicalfami01reyn"><i>Genealogical and Family History of Southern New York and the Hudson River Valley: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of a Commonwealth and the Building of a Nation</i></a>. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genealogicalfami01reyn/page/n619">1011</a>-1015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Genealogical+and+Family+History+of+Southern+New+York+and+the+Hudson+River+Valley%3A+A+Record+of+the+Achievements+of+Her+People+in+the+Making+of+a+Commonwealth+and+the+Building+of+a+Nation&amp;rft.pages=1011-1015&amp;rft.pub=Lewis+Historical+Publishing+Company&amp;rft.date=1914&amp;rft.aulast=Reynolds&amp;rft.aufirst=Cuyler&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenealogicalfami01reyn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GFObit1869-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GFObit1869_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/04/11/79590577.pdf">"The Death of Hon. George Folsom"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 11, 1869<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Hon.+George+Folsom&amp;rft.date=1869-04-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1869%2F04%2F11%2F79590577.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MacRury1968-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacRury1968_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMacRury1968" class="citation book cs1">MacRury, Elizabeth Banks (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j-gnAQAAMAAJ"><i>More About The Hill: Greenfield Hill</i></a>. Printed by City Print. Co. pp.&#160;101, 163<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=More+About+The+Hill%3A+Greenfield+Hill&amp;rft.pages=101%2C+163&amp;rft.pub=Printed+by+City+Print.+Co.&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.aulast=MacRury&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Banks&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj-gnAQAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Conant2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conant2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFConant2013" class="citation book cs1">Conant, Jennet (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQTZAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA28"><i>Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War II</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p.&#160;28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476767291" title="Special:BookSources/9781476767291"><bdi>9781476767291</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Tuxedo+Park%3A+A+Wall+Street+Tycoon+and+the+Secret+Palace+of+Science+That+Changed+the+Course+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.pages=28&amp;rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=9781476767291&amp;rft.aulast=Conant&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennet&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQQTZAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dietrich2015-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dietrich2015_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2015" class="citation book cs1">Dietrich, Kris (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbu2DAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT952"><i>Taboo Genocide: Holodomor 1933 &amp; the Extermination of Ukraine</i></a>. p.&#160;952. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781499056082" title="Special:BookSources/9781499056082"><bdi>9781499056082</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Taboo+Genocide%3A+Holodomor+1933+%26+the+Extermination+of+Ukraine&amp;rft.pages=952&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9781499056082&amp;rft.aulast=Dietrich&amp;rft.aufirst=Kris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGbu2DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT952&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-McAllister1892-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McAllister1892_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister1892" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty">McAllister, Ward (16 February 1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/02/16/108210917.pdf">"THE ONLY FOUR HUNDRED | WARD M'ALLISTER GIVES OUT THE OFFICIAL LIST. HERE ARE THE NAMES, DON'T YOU KNOW, ON THE AUTHORITY OF THEIR GREAT LEADER, YOU UNDER- STAND, AND THEREFORE GENUINE, YOU SEE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=THE+ONLY+FOUR+HUNDRED+%7C+WARD+M%27ALLISTER+GIVES+OUT+THE+OFFICIAL+LIST.+HERE+ARE+THE+NAMES%2C+DON%27T+YOU+KNOW%2C+ON+THE+AUTHORITY+OF+THEIR+GREAT+LEADER%2C+YOU+UNDER-+STAND%2C+AND+THEREFORE+GENUINE%2C+YOU+SEE.&amp;rft.date=1892-02-16&amp;rft.aulast=McAllister&amp;rft.aufirst=Ward&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1892%2F02%2F16%2F108210917.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Patterson2000-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patterson2000_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2000" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Jerry E. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLwMAAAAYAAJ"><i>The First Four Hundred: Mrs. Astor's New York in the Gilded Age</i></a>. Random House Incorporated. p.&#160;234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780847822089" title="Special:BookSources/9780847822089"><bdi>9780847822089</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+Four+Hundred%3A+Mrs.+Astor%27s+New+York+in+the+Gilded+Age&amp;rft.pages=234&amp;rft.pub=Random+House+Incorporated&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780847822089&amp;rft.aulast=Patterson&amp;rft.aufirst=Jerry+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZLwMAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Keister2005-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keister2005_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKeister2005" class="citation book cs1">Keister, Lisa A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5dAtJf1hmAUC&amp;pg=PA36"><i>Getting Rich: America's New Rich and How They Got That Way</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p.&#160;36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521536677" title="Special:BookSources/9780521536677"><bdi>9780521536677</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Getting+Rich%3A+America%27s+New+Rich+and+How+They+Got+That+Way&amp;rft.pages=36&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=9780521536677&amp;rft.aulast=Keister&amp;rft.aufirst=Lisa+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5dAtJf1hmAUC%26pg%3DPA36&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-1916Estate-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1916Estate_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1916Estate_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/04/18/100203650.pdf">"WILL OF EGERTON L. WINTHROP | Relics of Dutch Days and Stuyvesant Heirlooms Left to Sons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 18, 1916<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=WILL+OF+EGERTON+L.+WINTHROP+%7C+Relics+of+Dutch+Days+and+Stuyvesant+Heirlooms+Left+to+Sons&amp;rft.date=1916-04-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1916%2F04%2F18%2F100203650.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-oldlongisland-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oldlongisland_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldlongisland.com/2010/04/bronson-winthrop-estate.html">"The Bronson Winthrop Estate"</a>. <i>www.oldlongisland.com</i>. April 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=www.oldlongisland.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Bronson+Winthrop+Estate&amp;rft.date=2010-04-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldlongisland.com%2F2010%2F04%2Fbronson-winthrop-estate.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Chamoff2015-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chamoff2015_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFChamoff2015" class="citation news cs1">Chamoff, Lisa (May 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsday.com/classifieds/real-estate/restored-muttontown-home-from-1911-on-sale-for-3-499-million-1.10451494">"Restored 1911 home on sale for $3.499M"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Newsday&amp;rft.atitle=Restored+1911+home+on+sale+for+%243.499M&amp;rft.date=2015-05-24&amp;rft.aulast=Chamoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Lisa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fclassifieds%2Freal-estate%2Frestored-muttontown-home-from-1911-on-sale-for-3-499-million-1.10451494&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kellerman1998-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman1998_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kellerman1998_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKellerman1998" class="citation news cs1">Kellerman, Vivien (April 5, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/05/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-muttontown-li-horse-country-just-below-gold-coast.html">"If You're Thinking of Living In/Muttontown, L.I.; Horse Country Just Below the Gold Coast"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=If+You%27re+Thinking+of+Living+In%2FMuttontown%2C+L.I.%3B+Horse+Country+Just+Below+the+Gold+Coast&amp;rft.date=1998-04-05&amp;rft.aulast=Kellerman&amp;rft.aufirst=Vivien&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F04%2F05%2Frealestate%2Fif-you-re-thinking-living-muttontown-li-horse-country-just-below-gold-coast.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronson+Winthrop" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_Winthrop&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanartgallery.org/artist/details/view/sshow/id/1115/pictureId/10900/tagid/17">1901 Portrait of Winthrop's Father</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Club" title="Knickerbocker Club">Knickerbocker Club</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Tina's Groove</i></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic; background-color: ; color:">Tina's Groove</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Tinasgroove12912.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Tinasgroove12912.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Tinasgroove12912.jpg/220px-Tinasgroove12912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Tinasgroove12912.jpg/330px-Tinasgroove12912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Tinasgroove12912.jpg/440px-Tinasgroove12912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="215" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Rina Piccolo's <i>Tina's Groove</i> (January 29, 2012).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">Author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rina_Piccolo" title="Rina Piccolo">Rina Piccolo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">2002<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2002</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">End date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 2, 2017<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtend">July 2, 2017</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Print_syndication#Comic_strip_syndication" title="Print syndication">Syndicate(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Features_Syndicate" title="King Features Syndicate">King Features Syndicate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publisher(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrews_%26_McMeel" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews &amp; McMeel">Andrews &amp; McMeel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Humor</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Tina's Groove</b></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rina_Piccolo" title="Rina Piccolo">Rina Piccolo</a> with a restaurant setting. Distributed by <a href="/wiki/King_Features_Syndicate" title="King Features Syndicate">King Features Syndicate</a>, it began in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> The comic strip ended its run on July 2, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Characters_and_story"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Characters and story</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li>
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</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Characters_and_story">Characters and story</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina%27s_Groove&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Characters and story">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>"<i>Tinas Groove</i> chronicled the personal and workplace adventures of a single, smart, attractive waitress who worked at Peppers restaurant. Shrewdly self-aware, Tina refuted clichéd notions of single women as neurotics obsessed with career or marriage. Tina found her groove and empowered herself by embracing life and everyone she met head-on."<sup id="cite_ref-king_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><b>Tina</b> works as a waitress at Pepper's Restaurant and is "happy being Tina", living life rather than waiting for it to begin. She is described as "smart, funny and real", an everywoman in her 30s who "struggles to deal with her job, dating and the ups and downs of day-to-day living".<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Gus</b>, Tina's boyfriend, whom she met at a speed dating event in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-gus_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gus-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Suzanne</b>, Tina's best friend and fellow waitress is "always looking for a good time" and enjoys casual relationships with a large number of men.<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Monica</b>, the hostess at Pepper's,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> is spacey and oblivious.<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Maybe she sees things others don't, or maybe she's just crazy.<sup id="cite_ref-crazy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crazy-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> She is hopelessly in love with Rob, although the feeling is not mutual.<sup id="cite_ref-monicarob_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monicarob-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Carlos</b> the chef is known for his ego<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> and his outdated views on gender and romance.<sup id="cite_ref-carlos_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlos-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Rob</b> the general manager is shy and reserved, but a bit of a control freak.<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></li>
<li>Other recurring characters include <b>Claud</b> the taxi driver, Tina's mother, <b>Jake</b> the bartender, and various unnamed customers.<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Piccolo offered her description of the characters on July 4, 2012:
</p>
<dl><dd>Tinas imperfections, if she has any, are of the kind that are quirky, and therefore endearing. This is good for a cartoon character. I believe the main character of a comic strip should be one thats likable. But does that mean the main character should be flawless? Its the weaknesses, or fixations, that make characters interesting. The other characters of the strip all have fixations that make them imperfect. Rob, the manager of Peppers Restaurant, is a misfit neat/control freak who hasnt yet realized that its now cool to be a geek. Carlos is a sack of testosterone who must prove himself to be the manliest at any cost. Suzanne is a spoiled 30 something flake who has so many weaknesses shes created a personality out of being less than perfect. And then theres Monica. If you read the strip then I dont have to waste my words on Monica. Tina stands apart. One good reason for this is that Tina is whats known in the comedy world as the “Straight Man”. Shes the only sane character in a world of insanity. In the strip she represents logic, the voice of reason, while every one else is crazy. This is where most of the humor comes from.<sup id="cite_ref-tooperfect_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tooperfect-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup></dd></dl>
<p>Readers have wondered if Tina is depressed or deeply worried about something, but Piccolo explains that this impression is mistaken and may be an inadvertent effect of Tina's hairstyle, specifically the hair bangs being drawn "at the same angle that youd use to draw a 'worried eyebrow' expression".
</p>
<dl><dd>"Tinas not depressed — no more than any other person. When I started the strip I didnt know a lot about her, but I did know what I didnt want her to be. I didnt want my main character to be sappy and sickeningly sweet. I wanted to write her as a girl who had real-world traits who just happened to be nice in a normal, non-mushy way... The thing is, I dont want Tina to be smiling in every situation — that would be sappy."<sup id="cite_ref-tinasad_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tinasad-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup></dd></dl>
<p>The strip ran in such newspapers as the <i>Cincinnati Enquirer</i>, the <i>Arizona Republic</i> and the <i>Toronto Star</i>, and it is also available through King Features' <a href="/wiki/DailyINK" title="DailyINK">DailyINK</a> email service.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina%27s_Groove&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tinasgroove06.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/Tinasgroove06.jpg/400px-Tinasgroove06.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="184" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/Tinasgroove06.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="214" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tinasgroove06.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Comparisons with this <i>Tina's Groove</i> from 2006 show how the art style and characters evolved.</div></div></div>
<p>In 2006, Andrews &amp; McMeel published <i>Tinas Groove: A Cartoon Collection</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0740756979" title="Special:BookSources/978-0740756979">978-0740756979</a>), collecting selected strips from its first few years.<sup id="cite_ref-dailyink_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailyink-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina%27s_Groove&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-dailyink-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailyink_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyink.com/features/Tinas_Groove">"About Tina's Groove"</a>. DailyINK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+Tina%27s+Groove&amp;rft.pub=DailyINK&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyink.com%2Ffeatures%2FTinas_Groove&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Mullaney" title="Dean Mullaney">Dean Mullaney</a>, Bruce Canwell and Brian Walker, <i>King of the Comics&#160;: One Hundred Years of King Features Syndicate</i>. San Diego&#160;: <a href="/wiki/IDW_Publishing" title="IDW Publishing">IDW Publishing</a>, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781631403736" title="Special:BookSources/9781631403736">9781631403736</a> (pp.276,303)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPiccolo2017" class="citation web cs1">Piccolo, Rina (2017-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rinapiccolo.com/blog/2017/6/24/farewell-tina">"Farewell, Tina"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Farewell%2C+Tina&amp;rft.date=2017-06-24&amp;rft.aulast=Piccolo&amp;rft.aufirst=Rina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rinapiccolo.com%2Fblog%2F2017%2F6%2F24%2Ffarewell-tina&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-king-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-king_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tinasgroove.com/about"><i>Tina's Groove</i>: About</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gus-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gus_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyink.com/shared_comics/fa4723ab-ecef-4977-bcac-a2d97444d2a4">"Tina's Groove"</a>. DailyINK. 2012-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tina%27s+Groove&amp;rft.pub=DailyINK&amp;rft.date=2012-11-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyink.com%2Fshared_comics%2Ffa4723ab-ecef-4977-bcac-a2d97444d2a4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tinasgroove.com/about/">"Tina's Groove - About the Characters"</a>. TinasGroove.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tina%27s+Groove+-+About+the+Characters&amp;rft.pub=TinasGroove.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftinasgroove.com%2Fabout%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-crazy-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crazy_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyink.com/shared_comics/1f32a3b0-61d7-4c84-b673-c1138311dc33">"Tina's Groove"</a>. DailyINK. 2013-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tina%27s+Groove&amp;rft.pub=DailyINK&amp;rft.date=2013-09-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyink.com%2Fshared_comics%2F1f32a3b0-61d7-4c84-b673-c1138311dc33&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-monicarob-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monicarob_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyink.com/shared_comics/20740173-65b3-4c78-bdc7-3804650dd946">"Tina's Groove"</a>. DailyINK. 2013-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tina%27s+Groove&amp;rft.pub=DailyINK&amp;rft.date=2013-09-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyink.com%2Fshared_comics%2F20740173-65b3-4c78-bdc7-3804650dd946&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-carlos-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carlos_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyink.com/shared_comics/0b1630d8-e0a0-49eb-b457-c566f3132e10">"Tina's Groove"</a>. DailyINK. 2013-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tina%27s+Groove&amp;rft.pub=DailyINK&amp;rft.date=2013-09-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyink.com%2Fshared_comics%2F0b1630d8-e0a0-49eb-b457-c566f3132e10&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tooperfect-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tooperfect_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPiccolo,_Rina2012" class="citation web cs1">Piccolo, Rina (2012-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tinasgroove.com/2012/07/04/is-tina-too-perfect/">"Is Tina Too Perfect?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Is+Tina+Too+Perfect%3F&amp;rft.date=2012-07-04&amp;rft.au=Piccolo%2C+Rina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftinasgroove.com%2F2012%2F07%2F04%2Fis-tina-too-perfect%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tinasad-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tinasad_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPiccolo,_Rina2012" class="citation web cs1">Piccolo, Rina (2012-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tinasgroove.com/2012/07/20/readers-ask-why-tina-never-smiles/">"Readers Ask Why Tina Never Smiles"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Readers+Ask+Why+Tina+Never+Smiles&amp;rft.date=2012-07-20&amp;rft.au=Piccolo%2C+Rina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftinasgroove.com%2F2012%2F07%2F20%2Freaders-ask-why-tina-never-smiles%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina%27s+Groove" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tinasgroove.com/">Tina's Groove</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina%27s_Groove&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tinasgroove.com/"><i>Tina's Groove</i> official site</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rinapiccolo.com/">Rina Piccolo</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyink.com/features/Tinas_Groove/"><i>Tina's Groove</i> at DailyINK</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Features_Syndicate_comics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:King_Features_Syndicate_Comics" title="Template:King Features Syndicate Comics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:King_Features_Syndicate_Comics" title="Template talk:King Features Syndicate Comics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:King_Features_Syndicate_Comics&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Features_Syndicate_comics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Features_Syndicate" title="King Features Syndicate">King Features Syndicate</a> comics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alex_Hallatt" title="Alex Hallatt">Arctic Circle</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Baby_Blues" title="Baby Blues">Baby Blues</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Barney_Google_and_Snuffy_Smith" title="Barney Google and Snuffy Smith">Barney Google and Snuffy Smith</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Beetle_Bailey" title="Beetle Bailey">Beetle Bailey</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Between_Friends_(comics)" title="Between Friends (comics)">Between Friends</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bizarro_(comic_strip)" title="Bizarro (comic strip)">Bizarro</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Blondie_(comic_strip)" title="Blondie (comic strip)">Blondie</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Brilliant_Mind_of_Edison_Lee" title="The Brilliant Mind of Edison Lee">The Brilliant Mind of Edison Lee</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft_(comic_strip)" title="Crankshaft (comic strip)">Crankshaft</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtis_(comic_strip)" title="Curtis (comic strip)">Curtis</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Deflocked" title="Deflocked">Deflocked</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dennis_the_Menace_(U.S._comics)" title="Dennis the Menace (U.S. comics)">Dennis the Menace</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dustin_(comic_strip)" title="Dustin (comic strip)">Dustin</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Circus" title="The Family Circus">The Family Circus</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon" title="Flash Gordon">Flash Gordon</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Funky_Winkerbean" title="Funky Winkerbean">Funky Winkerbean</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4gar_the_Horrible" title="Hägar the Horrible">Hägar the Horrible</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hi_and_Lois" title="Hi and Lois">Hi and Lois</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/David_Reddick" title="David Reddick">Intelligent Life</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Judge_Parker" title="Judge Parker">Judge Parker</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Kevin_and_Kell" title="Kevin and Kell">Kevin and Kell</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Laff-a-Day" title="Laff-a-Day">Laff-a-Day</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lockhorns" title="The Lockhorns">The Lockhorns</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mallard_Fillmore" title="Mallard Fillmore">Mallard Fillmore</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trail" title="Mark Trail">Mark Trail</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvin_(comic_strip)" title="Marvin (comic strip)">Marvin</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Worth" title="Mary Worth">Mary Worth</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose_and_Grimm" title="Mother Goose and Grimm">Mother Goose and Grimm</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutts" title="Mutts">Mutts</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Fastrack" title="On the Fastrack">On the Fastrack</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom" title="The Phantom">The Phantom</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Popeye_(comic_strip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popeye (comic strip)">Popeye</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valiant" title="Prince Valiant">Prince Valiant</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pros_%26_Cons_(comic_strip)" title="Pros &amp; Cons (comic strip)">Pros &amp; Cons</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rex_Morgan,_M.D." title="Rex Morgan, M.D.">Rex Morgan, M.D.</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhymes_with_Orange" title="Rhymes with Orange">Rhymes with Orange</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Safe_Havens" title="Safe Havens">Safe Havens</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sally_Forth_(Greg_Howard_comic_strip)" title="Sally Forth (Greg Howard comic strip)">Sally Forth</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_and_Silo" title="Sam and Silo">Sam and Silo</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_Lagoon" title="Sherman&#39;s Lagoon">Sherman's Lagoon</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoe_(comic_strip)" title="Shoe (comic strip)">Shoe</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Chix" title="Six Chix">Six Chix</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Slylock_Fox_%26_Comics_for_Kids" title="Slylock Fox &amp; Comics for Kids">Slylock Fox &amp; Comics for Kids</a></i></li>
<li><i>Take It from the Tinkersons</i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiger_(comic_strip)" title="Tiger (comic strip)">Tiger</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Todd_the_Dinosaur" title="Todd the Dinosaur">Todd the Dinosaur</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Zippy_the_Pinhead" title="Zippy the Pinhead">Zippy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Zits_(comics)" title="Zits (comics)">Zits</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abie_the_Agent" title="Abie the Agent">Abie the Agent</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ace_Drummond" title="Ace Drummond">Ace Drummond</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Crumm" title="Agatha Crumm">Agatha Crumm</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_and_Gaston" title="Alphonse and Gaston">Alphonse and Gaston</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_(comic_strip)" title="The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/And_Her_Name_Was_Maud" title="And Her Name Was Maud">And Her Name Was Maud</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apartment_3-G" title="Apartment 3-G">Apartment 3-G</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Archie_Andrews" title="Archie Andrews">Archie</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter#Art_Linkletter&#39;s_Kids" title="Art Linkletter">Art Linkletter's Kids</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Barney_Baxter" title="Barney Baxter">Barney Baxter</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Baron_Bean" title="Baron Bean">Baron Bean</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Better_Half" title="The Better Half">The Better Half</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boop" title="Betty Boop">Betty Boop</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boop_and_Felix" title="Betty Boop and Felix">Betty Boop and Felix</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben_Bolt" title="Big Ben Bolt">Big Ben Bolt</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bleeker:_The_Rechargeable_Dog" title="Bleeker: The Rechargeable Dog">Bleeker: The Rechargeable Dog</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Boner%27s_Ark" title="Boner&#39;s Ark">Boner's Ark</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Brick_Bradford" title="Brick Bradford">Brick Bradford</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bringing_Up_Father" title="Bringing Up Father">Bringing Up Father</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Buckles_(comics)" title="Buckles (comics)">Buckles</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Buz_Sawyer" title="Buz Sawyer">Buz Sawyer</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Kate" title="Captain Kate">Captain Kate</a> </i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Screwloose" title="Count Screwloose">Count Screwloose from Tooloose</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Crock_(comic_strip)" title="Crock (comic strip)">Crock</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Disney_Christmas_Story" title="Disney Christmas Story">Disney Christmas Story</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Disney_Christmas_Story#Disney_Holiday_Story" title="Disney Christmas Story">Disney Holiday Story</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Donald_Duck_(comic_strip)" title="Donald Duck (comic strip)">Donald Duck</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Kildare" title="Dr. Kildare">Dr. Kildare</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dumb_Dora" title="Dumb Dora">Dumb Dora</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Edge_City" title="Edge City">Edge City</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Etta_Kett" title="Etta Kett">Etta Kett</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Flapper_Filosofy" title="Flapper Filosofy">Flapper Filosofy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Fibbs" title="Franklin Fibbs">Franklin Fibbs</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Gil_(comic_strip)" title="Gil (comic strip)">Gil</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Grandma_(comic_strip)" title="Grandma (comic strip)">Grandma</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Grin_and_Bear_It" title="Grin and Bear It">Grin and Bear It</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Gummi_Bears_(comic_strip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gummi Bears (comic strip)">Gummi Bears</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Half_Hitch_(comic_strip)" title="Half Hitch (comic strip)">Half Hitch</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Hooligan" title="Happy Hooligan">Happy Hooligan</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hazel_(comics)" title="Hazel (comics)">Hazel</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_Juliet_Jones" title="The Heart of Juliet Jones">The Heart of Juliet Jones</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hejji" title="Hejji">Hejji</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_(comics)" title="Henry (comics)">Henry</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(comic_strip)" title="The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Inside_Woody_Allen" title="Inside Woody Allen">Inside Woody Allen</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hazard" title="Johnny Hazard">Johnny Hazard</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carioca" title="José Carioca">José Carioca</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Jim" title="Jungle Jim">Jungle Jim</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Katzenjammer_Kids" title="The Katzenjammer Kids">The Katzenjammer Kids</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Royal_Mounted" title="King of the Royal Mounted">King of the Royal Mounted</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Krazy_Kat" title="Krazy Kat">Krazy Kat</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Annie_Rooney" title="Little Annie Rooney">Little Annie Rooney</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Iodine" title="Little Iodine">Little Iodine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Jimmy" title="Little Jimmy">Little Jimmy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_King" title="The Little King">The Little King</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lone_Ranger" title="Lone Ranger">The Lone Ranger</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandrake_the_Magician" title="Mandrake the Magician">Mandrake the Magician</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse_(comic_strip)" title="Mickey Mouse (comic strip)">Mickey Mouse</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dave_Breger" title="Dave Breger">Mister Breger</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Moose_%26_Molly" title="Moose &amp; Molly">Moose &amp; Molly</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Cage" title="My Cage">My Cage</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Norb_(comic_strip)" title="Norb (comic strip)">Norb</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Norm_(comic_strip)" title="The Norm (comic strip)">The Norm</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Brother!_(comic_strip)" title="Oh, Brother! (comic strip)">Oh, Brother!</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ollie_and_Quentin" title="Ollie and Quentin">Ollie and Quentin</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Ike" title="Ozark Ike">Ozark Ike</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pajama_Diaries" title="The Pajama Diaries">The Pajama Diaries</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pete_the_Tramp" title="Pete the Tramp">Pete the Tramp</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Piranha_Club" title="Piranha Club">Piranha Club</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Polly_and_Her_Pals" title="Polly and Her Pals">Polly and Her Pals</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Quincy_(comic_strip)" title="Quincy (comic strip)">Quincy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Patrol" title="Radio Patrol">Radio Patrol</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Barry_(comic_strip)" title="Red Barry (comic strip)">Red Barry</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Redeye_(comics)" title="Redeye (comics)">Redeye</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Reg%27lar_Fellers" title="Reg&#39;lar Fellers">Reg'lar Fellers</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Retail_(comic_strip)" title="Retail (comic strip)">Retail</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rip_Kirby" title="Rip Kirby">Rip Kirby</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Room_and_Board_(comic_strip)" title="Room and Board (comic strip)">Room and Board</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rusty_Riley" title="Rusty Riley">Rusty Riley</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_and_Silo#Sam&#39;s_Strip" title="Sam and Silo">Sam's Strip</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Scamp_(comics)" title="Scamp (comics)">Scamp</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_X-9" title="Secret Agent X-9">Secret Agent X-9</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Silly_Symphony_(comic_strip)" title="Silly Symphony (comic strip)">Silly Symphony</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Skippy_(comic_strip)" title="Skippy (comic strip)">Skippy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Canyon" title="Steve Canyon">Steve Canyon</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Roper_and_Mike_Nomad" title="Steve Roper and Mike Nomad">Steve Roper and Mike Nomad</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mischa_Richter" title="Mischa Richter">Strictly Richter</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Teena" title="Teena">Teena</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/They%27ll_Do_It_Every_Time" title="They&#39;ll Do It Every Time">They'll Do It Every Time</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tillie_the_Toiler" title="Tillie the Toiler">Tillie the Toiler</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tim_Tyler%27s_Luck" title="Tim Tyler&#39;s Luck">Tim Tyler's Luck</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina's Groove</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Toots_and_Casper" title="Toots and Casper">Toots and Casper</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Triple_Take" title="Triple Take">Triple Take</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trudy_(comics)" title="Trudy (comics)">Trudy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tumbleweeds_(comic_strip)" title="Tumbleweeds (comic strip)">Tumbleweeds</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tundra_(comic_strip)" title="Tundra (comic strip)">Tundra</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Remus_and_His_Tales_of_Br%27er_Rabbit" title="Uncle Remus and His Tales of Br&#39;er Rabbit">Uncle Remus and His Tales of Br'er Rabbit</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney%27s_Treasury_of_Classic_Tales" title="Walt Disney&#39;s Treasury of Classic Tales">Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/What_a_Guy!" title="What a Guy!">What a Guy!</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_(comic_strip)" title="Winnie the Pooh (comic strip)">Winnie the Pooh</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_in_other_media#Other" title="Wonder Woman in other media">Wonder Woman</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Ireland_Cartoon_Library_%26_Museum" title="Billy Ireland Cartoon Library &amp; Museum">Billy Ireland Cartoon Library &amp; Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Press_Association" title="Central Press Association">Central Press Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DailyINK" title="DailyINK">DailyINK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Kennedy" title="Jay Kennedy">Jay Kennedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/King_Comics" title="King Comics">King Comics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/King_Features_Syndicate" title="King Features Syndicate">King Features Syndicate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Cartoonists_Society" title="National Cartoonists Society">National Cartoonists Society</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Funnies" title="The Sunday Funnies">The Sunday Funnies</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Kings_Watch" title="Kings Watch">Kings Watch</a></i></li></ul>
<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jenny_Perret rootpage-Jenny_Perret skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jenny Perret</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss curler</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Jenny Perret</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="role"><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curler</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Jenny Perret 2018 ACC-1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg/220px-Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg/330px-Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg/440px-Jenny_Perret_2018_ACC-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1991-12-23</span>) </span>23 December 1991<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;30)</span></span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg, Illinois</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Team</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Curling club</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling_Club_Bern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Curling Club Bern (page does not exist)">CC Bern</a> &amp; CC Glarus<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doubles_curling" title="Doubles curling">Mixed doubles</a><br />partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rios" title="Martin Rios">Martin Rios</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member Association</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />&#160;&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">World Mixed Doubles Championship</a><br />appearances</th><td class="infobox-data">2 (<a href="/wiki/2017_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2021 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2021</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/European_Curling_Championships" title="European Curling Championships">European Championship</a><br />appearances</th><td class="infobox-data">1 (<a href="/wiki/2017_European_Curling_Championships" title="2017 European Curling Championships">2017</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the Winter Olympics">Olympic</a><br />appearances</th><td class="infobox-data">2 (<a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_doubles_tournament" title="Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics Mixed doubles tournament">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_doubles_tournament" title="Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics Mixed doubles tournament">2022</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div class="mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%">
<div style="line-height:1.6em; font-weight:bold; background-color:#ccf; font-size:105%; background-color:transparent;"><div style="margin:0 4em;">Medal record</div></div>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eeeeee;">Women's <a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eeeeee;" class="adr">Representing <span class="country-name"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />&#160;&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></span>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the Winter Olympics">Winter Olympics</a>
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<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Silver medal second place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Silver medal second place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Pyeongchang</a></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_-_Mixed_doubles_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics - Mixed doubles tournament">Mixed doubles</a>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">World Mixed Doubles Championship</a>
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<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Gold medal first place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Gold medal first place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon_%28G_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2017 Lethbridge</a></span></td>
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<th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/European_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="European Mixed Curling Championship">European Mixed Championship</a>
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<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><img alt="Bronze medal third place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_initial%29.svg/16px-Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Bronze medal third place" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_initial%29.svg/24px-Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_initial%29.svg/32px-Bronze_medal_icon_%28B_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="2014 European Mixed Curling Championship">2014 Tårnby</a></span></td>
<td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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</div></div></th></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Jenny Sarah Perret</b> (born 23 December 1991) is a Swiss <a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">curler</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lyss" title="Lyss">Lyss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> She and partner <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rios" title="Martin Rios">Martin Rios</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> The pair also represented Switzerland at the <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_doubles_tournament" title="Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics Mixed doubles tournament">2018 Winter Olympics</a> where they won a silver medal.
</p><p>In addition to her success in the mixed doubles discipline, Perret also won a bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="2014 European Mixed Curling Championship">2014 European Mixed Curling Championship</a> and was the Swiss women's team alternate at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Perret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/pyeongchang-2018/results/en/curling/athlete-profile-n3034706-jenny-perret.htm">"Curling - Athlete Profile: Jenny PERRET - Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games"</a>. <i>www.olympic.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.olympic.org&amp;rft.atitle=Curling+-+Athlete+Profile%3A+Jenny+PERRET+-+Pyeongchang+2018+Olympic+Winter+Games&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fpyeongchang-2018%2Fresults%2Fen%2Fcurling%2Fathlete-profile-n3034706-jenny-perret.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJenny+Perret" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/curling/athlete-profile-n1049792-jenny-perret.htm">https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/curling/athlete-profile-n1049792-jenny-perret.htm</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (May 2022)">bare URL</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissolympic.ch/ueber-swiss-olympic/news-medien/medienmitteilungen/2017/Curling-macht-Auftakt-Olympiaselektionen.html">Swiss Olympic - Curling macht den Auftakt bei den Olympiaselektionen</a><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Perret&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="wd_p3557"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://results.worldcurling.org/Person/Details/6729">Jenny Perret</a> at <a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30879787#P3557"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="wd_p5815"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/athletes/perret">Jenny Perret</a> at <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">Olympics.com</a><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30879787#P5815"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="wd_p8286"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/138047">Jenny Perret</a> at Olympedia<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30879787#P8286"><img alt="Edit on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Edit on Wikidata" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> </a></span></span></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Champions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Footer_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Champions" title="Template:Footer World Mixed Doubles Curling Champions"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Footer_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Champions" title="Template talk:Footer World Mixed Doubles Curling Champions"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Footer_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Champions&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Champions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Champions" title="List of World Mixed Doubles Curling Champions">World Mixed Doubles Curling Champions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Year:_(nation&amp;#039;s_flag)_female_/_male">Year: (nation's flag) female / male</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2008 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2008</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irene_Schori" title="Irene Schori">Irene Schori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toni_M%C3%BCller" title="Toni Müller">Toni Müller</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2009</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irene_Schori" title="Irene Schori">Irene Schori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toni_M%C3%BCller" title="Toni Müller">Toni Müller</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2010 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2010</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yana_Nekrasova" title="Yana Nekrasova">Yana Nekrasova</a> / <a href="/wiki/Petr_Dron" title="Petr Dron">Petr Dron</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2011 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2011</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alina_P%C3%A4tz" title="Alina Pätz">Alina Pätz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sven_Michel" title="Sven Michel">Sven Michel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2012 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2012</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Lehmann" title="Nadine Lehmann">Nadine Lehmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rios" title="Martin Rios">Martin Rios</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2013 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2013</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dorottya_Palancsa" title="Dorottya Palancsa">Dorottya Palancsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zsolt_Kiss_(curler)" title="Zsolt Kiss (curler)">Zsolt Kiss</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2014 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2014</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Gribi" title="Michelle Gribi">Michelle Gribi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reto_Gribi" title="Reto Gribi">Reto Gribi</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2015 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2015</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dorottya_Palancsa" title="Dorottya Palancsa">Dorottya Palancsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zsolt_Kiss_(curler)" title="Zsolt Kiss (curler)">Zsolt Kiss</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2016 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2016</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anastasia_Bryzgalova" title="Anastasia Bryzgalova">Anastasia Bryzgalova</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Krushelnitskiy" title="Alexander Krushelnitskiy">Alexander Krushelnitskiy</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2017</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jenny Perret</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rios" title="Martin Rios">Martin Rios</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2018</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_J%C3%A4ggi" title="Michèle Jäggi">Michèle Jäggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sven_Michel" title="Sven Michel">Sven Michel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2019</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Hasselborg" title="Anna Hasselborg">Anna Hasselborg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Eriksson" title="Oskar Eriksson">Oskar Eriksson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2020 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2020</a>: <i>cancelled</i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="2021 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">2021</a>: <span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Dodds" title="Jennifer Dodds">Jennifer Dodds</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Mouat" title="Bruce Mouat">Bruce Mouat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_pictogram.svg" class="image"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Curling_pictogram.svg/30px-Curling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Curling_pictogram.svg/45px-Curling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Curling_pictogram.svg/60px-Curling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article relating to curling in Switzerland is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Perret&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland-curling-bio-stub" title="Template:Switzerland-curling-bio-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland-curling-bio-stub" title="Template talk:Switzerland-curling-bio-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Switzerland-curling-bio-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vijaykumar Vyshak</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian cricketer</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 25em"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="font-size: 125%"><span class="fn">Vijaykumar Vyshak</span></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1997-01-31</span>) </span>31 January 1997<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;25)</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, India</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: right">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/777815.html">Cricinfo</a>, <span class="nowrap">24 February 2021 </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Vijaykumar Vyshak</b> (born 31 January 1997) is an Indian <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricketer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> He made his <a href="/wiki/List_A_cricket" title="List A cricket">List A</a> debut on 24 February 2021, for <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cricket_team" title="Karnataka cricket team">Karnataka</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Vijay_Hazare_Trophy" title="202021 Vijay Hazare Trophy">202021 Vijay Hazare Trophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> He made his <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> debut on 5 November 2021, for Karnataka in the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Syed_Mushtaq_Ali_Trophy" title="202122 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy">202122 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> He made his <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> debut on 17 February 2022, for Karnataka in the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Ranji_Trophy" title="202122 Ranji Trophy">202122 Ranji Trophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijaykumar_Vyshak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/777815.html">"Vijaykumar Vyshak"</a>. <i>ESPN Cricinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ESPN+Cricinfo&amp;rft.atitle=Vijaykumar+Vyshak&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fcontent%2Fplayer%2F777815.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVijaykumar+Vyshak" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-LA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1250937.html">"Elite, Group C, Bengaluru, Feb 24 2021, Vijay Hazare Trophy"</a>. <i>ESPN Cricinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ESPN+Cricinfo&amp;rft.atitle=Elite%2C+Group+C%2C+Bengaluru%2C+Feb+24+2021%2C+Vijay+Hazare+Trophy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fmatch%2F1250937.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVijaykumar+Vyshak" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280239.html">"Elite, Group B, Guwahati, Nov 6 2021, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy"</a>. <i>ESPN Cricinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ESPN+Cricinfo&amp;rft.atitle=Elite%2C+Group+B%2C+Guwahati%2C+Nov+6+2021%2C+Syed+Mushtaq+Ali+Trophy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fmatch%2F1280239.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVijaykumar+Vyshak" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280412.html">"Elite, Group C, Chennai, Feb 17 - 20 2022, Ranji Trophy"</a>. <i>ESPN Cricinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ESPN+Cricinfo&amp;rft.atitle=Elite%2C+Group+C%2C+Chennai%2C+Feb+17+-+20+2022%2C+Ranji+Trophy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fmatch%2F1280412.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVijaykumar+Vyshak" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/777815.html">Vijaykumar Vyshak</a>&#160;at <a href="/wiki/ESPNcricinfo" title="ESPNcricinfo">ESPNcricinfo</a></li></ul>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="image"><img alt="Stub icon 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/28px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/56px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <img alt="Stub icon 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cricketball.svg/25px-Cricketball.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cricketball.svg/38px-Cricketball.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cricketball.svg/50px-Cricketball.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="325" /></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article related to an Indian cricket person born in 1997 is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijaykumar_Vyshak&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:India-cricket-bio-1997-stub" title="Template:India-cricket-bio-1997-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:India-cricket-bio-1997-stub" title="Template talk:India-cricket-bio-1997-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:India-cricket-bio-1997-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>In the Name of Love</i> (1925 film)</h1>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1925 film</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">In the Name of Love</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925),_still02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="In the Name of Love (1925), still02.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/In_the_Name_of_Love_%281925%29%2C_still02.jpg/220px-In_the_Name_of_Love_%281925%29%2C_still02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/In_the_Name_of_Love_%281925%29%2C_still02.jpg/330px-In_the_Name_of_Love_%281925%29%2C_still02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/In_the_Name_of_Love_%281925%29%2C_still02.jpg/440px-In_the_Name_of_Love_%281925%29%2C_still02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="627" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Arlen" title="Richard Arlen">Richard Arlen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Nissen" title="Greta Nissen">Greta Nissen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Cortez" title="Ricardo Cortez">Ricardo Cortez</a> in <i>In the Name of Love</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Higgin" title="Howard Higgin">Howard Higgin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sada_Cowan" title="Sada Cowan">Sada Cowan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_of_Lyons" title="The Lady of Lyons">The Lady of Lyons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_L._Lasky" title="Jesse L. Lasky">Jesse L. Lasky</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Cortez" title="Ricardo Cortez">Ricardo Cortez</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greta_Nissen" title="Greta Nissen">Greta Nissen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hatton" title="Raymond Hatton">Raymond Hatton</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Leighton" title="Lillian Leighton">Lillian Leighton</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edythe_Chapman" title="Edythe Chapman">Edythe Chapman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Arlen" title="Richard Arlen">Richard Arlen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edgar_Schoenbaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edgar Schoenbaum">Charles Edgar Schoenbaum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Famous_Players-Lasky_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Famous Players-Lasky Corporation">Famous Players-Lasky Corporation</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>August&#160;10,&#160;1925<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1925-08-10</span>)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">60 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a> (English <a href="/wiki/Intertitle" title="Intertitle">intertitles</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>In the Name of Love</b></i> is a 1925 American <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">comedy film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Higgin" title="Howard Higgin">Howard Higgin</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Sada_Cowan" title="Sada Cowan">Sada Cowan</a>. It is based on the play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_of_Lyons" title="The Lady of Lyons">The Lady of Lyons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Cortez" title="Ricardo Cortez">Ricardo Cortez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Nissen" title="Greta Nissen">Greta Nissen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hatton" title="Raymond Hatton">Raymond Hatton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Leighton" title="Lillian Leighton">Lillian Leighton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edythe_Chapman" title="Edythe Chapman">Edythe Chapman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Arlen" title="Richard Arlen">Richard Arlen</a>. It was released on August 10, 1925 by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Plot"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Plot</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cast"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cast</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Preservation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Preservation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plot">Plot</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>As described in a film magazine advertisement,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> young Frenchman Raoul Melnotte, leaving his boyhood sweetheart Marie behind, goes to America to make his fortune. Marie promises to wait for him. Ten years later he returns to France, his fortune still unmade. Marie, however, has grown rich and snobbish. Hosts of men have made love to her, but her heart is set upon meeting a Prince of Como, who is visiting France, and will have nothing to do with Raoul. Glavis and the Marquis de Beausant, who have been lilted by the coquettish Marie, suggest to Raoul that he masquerade as the Prince of Como, marry Marie, and then humiliate her. He carries through the plan, and she weds him. When she finds out that she has been tricked, she is furious. Her brother Dumas, discovering the fraud, attacks Raoul and is about to kill him when Marie, realizing that she loves the masquerader in spite of everything, saves his life.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cast">Cast</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Cortez" title="Ricardo Cortez">Ricardo Cortez</a> as Raoul Melnotte</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Nissen" title="Greta Nissen">Greta Nissen</a> as Marie Dufrayne</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a> as Glavis</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hatton" title="Raymond Hatton">Raymond Hatton</a> as Marquis de Beausant</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Leighton" title="Lillian Leighton">Lillian Leighton</a> as Mother Dufrayne</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edythe_Chapman" title="Edythe Chapman">Edythe Chapman</a> as Mother Melnotte</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Arlen" title="Richard Arlen">Richard Arlen</a> as Dumas Dufrayne</li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Preservation">Preservation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Preservation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>With no prints of <i>In the Name of Love</i> located in any film archives,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> it is a <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&amp;Movie=9916">"In the Name of Love"</a>. <i>afi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=afi.com&amp;rft.atitle=In+the+Name+of+Love&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2Fmembers%2Fcatalog%2FDetailView.aspx%3Fs%3D1%26Movie%3D9916&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIn+the+Name+of+Love+%281925+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/497465/In-the-Name-of-Love/">"In the Name of Love (1925) - Overview - TCM.com"</a>. <i>Turner Classic Movies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Turner+Classic+Movies&amp;rft.atitle=In+the+Name+of+Love+%281925%29+-+Overview+-+TCM.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F497465%2FIn-the-Name-of-Love%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIn+the+Name+of+Love+%281925+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exhibitorsherald21unse/page/n1009/mode/1up">"Paramount Pictures advertisement: <i>In the Name of Love</i>"</a>, <i>Exhibitors Herald</i>, <b>21</b> (08): insert after p. 50, May 16, 1925<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Exhibitors+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=Paramount+Pictures+advertisement%3A+In+the+Name+of+Love&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=08&amp;rft.pages=insert+after+p.+50&amp;rft.date=1925-05-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexhibitorsherald21unse%2Fpage%2Fn1009%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIn+the+Name+of+Love+%281925+film%29" class="Z3988"></span> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a></i><i>.</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.6444/default.html">The Library of Congress / FIAF American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: <i>In the Name of Love</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822130955/http://www.silentsaregolden.com/arneparamountpictures.html">"<i>In the Name of Love</i> at Arn Andersen's Lost Film Files:<i>lost Paramount films of - 1925</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentsaregolden.com/arneparamountpictures.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=In+the+Name+of+Love+at+Arn+Andersen%27s+Lost+Film+Files%3Alost+Paramount+films+of+-+1925&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silentsaregolden.com%2Farneparamountpictures.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIn+the+Name+of+Love+%281925+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:In_the_Name_of_Love" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:In the Name of Love">In the Name of Love</a></span>.</td></tr>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0015944/"><i>In the Name of Love</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v96465"><i>Synopsis</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Howard_Higgin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Howard_Higgin" title="Template:Howard Higgin"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Howard_Higgin" title="Template talk:Howard Higgin"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Howard_Higgin&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Howard_Higgin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Higgin" title="Howard Higgin">Howard Higgin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rent_Free" title="Rent Free">Rent Free</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">In the Name of Love</a></i> (1925)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Commandment_(film)" title="The New Commandment (film)">The New Commandment</a></i> (1925)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Deception" title="The Great Deception">The Great Deception</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reckless_Lady" title="The Reckless Lady">The Reckless Lady</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wilderness_Woman" title="The Wilderness Woman">The Wilderness Woman</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Sap" title="The Perfect Sap">The Perfect Sap</a></i> (1927)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_(1928_film)" title="Power (1928 film)">Power</a></i> (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sal_of_Singapore" title="Sal of Singapore">Sal of Singapore</a></i> (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper_(1928_film)" title="Skyscraper (1928 film)">Skyscraper</a></i> (1928)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Leatherneck" title="The Leatherneck">The Leatherneck</a></i> (1929)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Racketeer" title="The Racketeer">The Racketeer</a></i> (1929)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Voltage_(1929_film)" title="High Voltage (1929 film)">High Voltage</a></i> (1929)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Painted_Desert" title="The Painted Desert">The Painted Desert</a></i> (1931)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_House" title="Hell&#39;s House">Hell's House</a></i> (1932)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Edition" title="The Final Edition">The Final Edition</a></i> (1932)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Lady" title="Carnival Lady">Carnival Lady</a></i> (1933)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_on_Approval" title="Marriage on Approval">Marriage on Approval</a></i> (1933)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Line-Up" title="The Line-Up">The Line-Up</a></i> (1934)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Greed" title="Battle of Greed">Battle of Greed</a></i> (1937)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Raw_Timber" title="Raw Timber">Raw Timber</a></i> (1937)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><br />
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><a href="/wiki/File:Silentfilm.png" class="image"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Silentfilm.png/30px-Silentfilm.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Silentfilm.png/45px-Silentfilm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Silentfilm.png/60px-Silentfilm.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a silent comedy film from the 1920s is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_the_Name_of_Love_(1925_film)&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1920s-silent-comedy-film-stub" title="Template:1920s-silent-comedy-film-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1920s-silent-comedy-film-stub" title="Template talk:1920s-silent-comedy-film-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:1920s-silent-comedy-film-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">David Merdy</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French footballer</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="font-size: 125%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2em;">David Merdy</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
19 December 1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Place of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Position(s)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
<a href="/wiki/Forward_(association_football)" title="Forward (association football)">Forward</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Senior career*</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Years</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
<b><abbr title="League appearances">Apps</abbr></b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>(<abbr title="League goals">Gls</abbr>)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">-1998</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Stade_Rennais_F.C." title="Stade Rennais F.C.">Stade Rennais F.C.</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
7</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1996-1997</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Troyes_AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Troyes AC">Troyes AC</a>→(<i>loan</i>)</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
33</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1997-1998</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/ASOA_Valence" title="ASOA Valence">ASOA Valence</a>→(<i>loan</i>)</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
24</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(4)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1998-2000</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Wasquehal_Football" title="Wasquehal Football">Wasquehal Football</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
13</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2000-2001</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/AS_B%C3%A9ziers" class="mw-redirect" title="AS Béziers">AS Béziers</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2001/2002</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Kilmarnock_F.C." title="Kilmarnock F.C.">Kilmarnock F.C.</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
0</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2002/2003</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/SO_Romorantin" title="SO Romorantin">SO Romorantin</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2004-2007</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Rodez_AF" title="Rodez AF">Rodez AF</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2007-2009</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Bergerac_P%C3%A9rigord_FC" title="Bergerac Périgord FC">Bergerac Périgord FC</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2009-2010</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
Espérance de Plouguerneau</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2010-2011</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/AF_Loz%C3%A8re" title="AF Lozère">AF Lozère</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_Olympique_Millau_Football" class="extiw" title="fr:Stade Olympique Millau Football">Stade Olympique Millau Football</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="color:darkslategray; font-size:95%">
*Club domestic league appearances and goals</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>David Merdy</b> (born 19 December 1975 in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) is a French retired footballer.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Merdy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.today/t7hYW">Interview with Le Foot Bordeaux</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/FOOTBALL%3a+MERDY+IN+FOR+THE+KIL.-a076948004">MERDY IN FOR THE KIL</a> thefreelibrary.com</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/hilarious-cringeworthy-scottish-football-chants-13872440">The hilarious and cringeworthy Scottish football chants that have us all in stitches</a> dailyrecord.co.uk</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<p><br />
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align: middle; background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/75px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><span style="margin-left:-50px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Soccerball_mask.svg" class="image"><img alt="Soccer icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/50px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/75px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/100px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article relating to French football is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Merdy&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:France-footy-bio-stub" title="Template:France-footy-bio-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:France-footy-bio-stub" title="Template talk:France-footy-bio-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:France-footy-bio-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Korean United Church of Chile</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>The <b>Korean United Church of Chile</b> was founded by missionaries of the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Korea_(HapDong)" title="Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong)">Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong)</a>. It has close fellowship with the <a href="/wiki/Korean-American_Presbyterian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean-American Presbyterian Church">Korean-American Presbyterian Church</a>. It has 350 members and adopted the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Confession">Westminster Confession</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Catechism" title="Heidelberg Catechism">Heidelberg Catechism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_United_Church_of_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=12129&amp;lg=eng">"Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Address+data+base+of+Reformed+churches+and+institutions&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformiert-online.net%2Fadressen%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D12129%26lg%3Deng&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+United+Church+of+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reformiert-online.net/weltweit/land.php?id=26&amp;lg=eng">"Overview of the worldwide reformed church"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Overview+of+the+worldwide+reformed+church&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformiert-online.net%2Fweltweit%2Fland.php%3Fid%3D26%26lg%3Deng&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+United+Church+of+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vila Robert Williams</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former town in Angola</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Robert Williams (disambiguation)">Robert Williams (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vila_Robert_Williams&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Vila+Robert+Williams%22">"Vila Robert Williams"</a>&#160;&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Vila+Robert+Williams%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Vila+Robert+Williams%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Vila+Robert+Williams%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vila+Robert+Williams%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vila+Robert+Williams%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Vila Robert Williams</b> (now <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A1la" title="Caála">Caála</a>) was a town in <a href="/wiki/Huambo" title="Huambo">Huambo</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, in the then <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> (before 1975). The town of Robert Williams was just west of Nova Lisboa (now <a href="/wiki/Huambo" title="Huambo">Huambo</a>) and was remarkable for huge outcroppings of <a href="/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder">boulders</a> that jutted from the fields just outside the town. In those outcroppings researchers could find pottery shards, primitive metal smelting pits, and other archeological detritus. It is named after the <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Williams,_1st_Baronet,_of_Park" title="Sir Robert Williams, 1st Baronet, of Park">Robert Williams</a> who founded the Robert Williams and Company.<sup id="cite_ref-Mvusi1994_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mvusi1994-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vila_Robert_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Williams,_1st_Baronet,_of_Park" title="Sir Robert Williams, 1st Baronet, of Park">Sir Robert Williams</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vila_Robert_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-Mvusi1994-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mvusi1994_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMvusi1994" class="citation journal cs1">Mvusi, Thandekile Ruth Mason (1994). "The 'politics of trypanosomiasis' revisited: labour mobilization and labour migration in colonial Zambia: the Robert Williams Company in Lubemba, 1901-1911". <i>Transafrican Journal of History</i>. <b>23</b>: 4368. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/24520269">24520269</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transafrican+Journal+of+History&amp;rft.atitle=The+%27politics+of+trypanosomiasis%27+revisited%3A+labour+mobilization+and+labour+migration+in+colonial+Zambia%3A+the+Robert+Williams+Company+in+Lubemba%2C+1901-1911&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.pages=43-68&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24520269%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Mvusi&amp;rft.aufirst=Thandekile+Ruth+Mason&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVila+Robert+Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vila_Robert_Williams&amp;params=14_56_0_S_18_18_0_E_type:city_region:AO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°560″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°180″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.93333°S 18.30000°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-14.93333; 18.30000</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Federal School of Dental Technology &amp; Therapy</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p>The <b>Federal College of Dental Technology &amp; Therapy</b> is a higher education institute in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Ekulu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-Ekulu (page does not exist)">Trans-Ekulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. It was established in 1955 in <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> as the Federal School of Dental Technology and Hygiene, training dental technicians and hygienists. It became the Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy in 1978, with the larger goal of training dental technologists and therapists. The school moved to its present location in 1982. The school is funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria.
Graduates of school of Dental Technology are awarded a Higher National Diploma after five years, and graduates will go for one-year internship before professional registration.
Graduates may practice as professionals after registration with the Dental Technologists or Dental Therapists Registration Boards of Nigeria. *NUC Approves FEDCODTTEN's Undergraduate Degree Programmes*
</p><p>The National Universities Commission (NUC) has approved the running of different undergraduate degree programmes in the Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy, Enugu.
According to a letter dated February 10, 2021, the Commission authorised the running of the programmes in the precinct of the College.
The Commission listed the accredited undergraduate programmes and the degrees to be awarded as: Biomedical Technology (B.Tech), Dental Technology (B.Tech), Prosthetics and Orthotics (B.Tech) and Public Health Technology (B.Tech).
The B.Tech degree in Public Health involves four main areas of specialisation.
The four areas of specialisation which are already running as separate departments are: i.Public Health, ii.Dental Therapy, iii.Dental Nursing and
iv. Social Work.
The programmes had earlier commenced in affiliation with the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO).
With the current approval, the status of the College as an authorised degree awarding institution is given the required standing.
<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The school was once the only school which trained dental technologists and therapists in Nigeria, until recently when other schools were established for this purpose.
</p><p>In August 2009, the new chairman of the board said it had been largely static over the years, and that he was looking for federal and state funding for upgrades.
<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
The name of the Rector of the College is Dr. John Emaimo.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_School_of_Dental_Technology_%26_Therapy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_polytechnics_in_Nigeria" title="List of polytechnics in Nigeria">List of polytechnics in Nigeria</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_School_of_Dental_Technology_%26_Therapy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fedsdtten.edu.ng/about.html">"About"</a>. Federal School of Dental Technology &amp; Therapy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About&amp;rft.pub=Federal+School+of+Dental+Technology+%26+Therapy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffedsdtten.edu.ng%2Fabout.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+School+of+Dental+Technology+%26+Therapy" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414182916/http://www.bitusainc.com/">"Dental Technology"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. August 25, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitusainc.com">the original</a> on 2010-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Dental+Technology&amp;rft.date=2009-08-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitusainc.com&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+School+of+Dental+Technology+%26+Therapy" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Craig Dahl</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player (born 1985)</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American ice hockey coach, see <a href="/wiki/Craig_Dahl_(ice_hockey)" title="Craig Dahl (ice hockey)">Craig Dahl (ice hockey)</a>.</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 25em; line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="line-height: initial;">Craig Dahl</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Craig_Dahl.JPG" class="image"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Craig_Dahl.JPG/220px-Craig_Dahl.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Craig_Dahl.JPG/330px-Craig_Dahl.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Craig_Dahl.JPG/440px-Craig_Dahl.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1676" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Dahl with the San Francisco 49ers</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">No. 30, 43</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Position:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Safety_(American_football_position)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety (American football position)">Safety</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Born:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1985-06-17</span>) </span>June 17, 1985<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;36)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mankato,_Minnesota" title="Mankato, Minnesota">Mankato, Minnesota</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Height:</th><td class="infobox-data">6&#160;ft 1&#160;in (1.85&#160;m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Weight:</th><td class="infobox-data">207&#160;lb (94&#160;kg)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">High school:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mankato_East_Senior_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankato East Senior High School">Mankato (MN) East</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">College:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Bison_football" title="North Dakota State Bison football">North Dakota State</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Undrafted:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2007_NFL_Draft#Notable_undrafted_players" title="2007 NFL Draft">2007</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career history
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_NFL_season" title="2007 NFL season">2007</a><a href="/wiki/2008_NFL_season" title="2008 NFL season">2008</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Rams" title="St. Louis Rams">St. Louis Rams</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_NFL_season" title="2009 NFL season">2009</a><a href="/wiki/2012_NFL_season" title="2012 NFL season">2012</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> (<a href="/wiki/2013_NFL_season" title="2013 NFL season">2013</a><a href="/wiki/2015_NFL_season" title="2015 NFL season">2015</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> (<a href="/wiki/2015_NFL_season" title="2015 NFL season">2015</a>)</li></ul>
</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">
</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career highlights and awards
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;">
<ul><li>2× First-team All-<a href="/wiki/Great_West_Football_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Great West Football Conference">GWFC</a> (2004, 2006)</li>
<li>1× Second-team All-<a href="/wiki/Great_West_Football_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Great West Football Conference">GWFC</a> (2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> champion (<a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII" title="Super Bowl XLII">XLII</a>)</li></ul>
</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">
</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC">Career NFL statistics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)" title="Tackle (football move)">Total tackles</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">416</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_sack" title="Quarterback sack">Sacks</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">4.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/Fumble" title="Fumble">Forced fumbles</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/Fumble" title="Fumble">Fumble recoveries</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/Pass_deflections" class="mw-redirect" title="Pass deflections">Pass deflections</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;"><a href="/wiki/Interceptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Interceptions">Interceptions</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Player stats at <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/players/craigdahl/2495585/stats/">NFL.com</a></b></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Craig Dahl</b> (born June 17, 1985) is a former <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Safety_(American_football_position)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety (American football position)">safety</a> who played nine seasons in the National Football League. He was signed by the Giants as an <a href="/wiki/Undrafted_free_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Undrafted free agent">undrafted free agent</a> in 2007. He played <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> at <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Bison_football" title="North Dakota State Bison football">North Dakota State</a>.
</p><p>He earned a <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_ring" title="Super Bowl ring">Super Bowl ring</a> during his first stint with the Giants in their <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII" title="Super Bowl XLII">Super Bowl XLII</a> win against <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brady" title="Tom Brady">Tom Brady</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a>. Dahl has also played for the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Rams" title="St. Louis Rams">St. Louis Rams</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_years"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early years</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#College_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">College career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Professional_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Professional career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pre-draft"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-draft</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#New_York_Giants"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">New York Giants</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#St._Louis_Rams"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">St. Louis Rams</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#San_Francisco_49ers"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">San Francisco 49ers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Second_stint_with_Giants"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Second stint with Giants</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#NFL_statistics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">NFL statistics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_years">Early years</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Dahl was a First-team All-state, All-conference and All-city for Mankato East High School. He ran for 3,398 yards and passed for 1,769 yards as a quarterback over his final two years and scored 57 touchdowns. He quarterbacked the team to a runner up finish at the state tournament his junior year. He also competed in basketball and track &amp; field (as a High jumper and long jumper). He holds many football records for the high school as well as many track records. (see below)
</p><p>He Holds the following records in track at Mankato East High School.
38.84 in 300 Hurdles,
Long Jump, and
Triple Jump
</p><p>As a sophomore, he finished 10th at the state meet in Long Jump.
</p><p>As a Junior he hurdled/jumped at the state meet finishing with the following times and places.
4th in the 110 hurdles running 14.85
3rd in Long Jump with a jump of 22-07.25
</p><p>As a senior, he hurdled/jumped at the state meet finishing with the following times and places.
5th in the 110 hurdles running 15.02
3rd in the 300 Hurdles running 38.84
3rd in the Long Jump jumping 22-3<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1020198016">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac" role="math"><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">4</span></span>
4th in the Triple Jump jumping 44-2<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1020198016"/><span class="frac" role="math"><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">4</span></span>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="College_career">College career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: College career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Dahl played in 43 games for the Bison and posted 238 tackles (134 solo), 8 passes defensed, 7 interceptions and two sacks. In 2006 As a senior, recorded 61 tackles (32 solo), 2 interceptions and a sack and was First-team All-GWFC. In 2005, he was Second-team All-Great West and had 71 tackles, an interception forced a fumble and blocked a kick. He started in all 11 games at strong safety and led NDSU with 49 solo tackles including one tackle for loss and second overall with 71 total tackles and two pass breakups, one interception, a fumble recovery and one forced fumble. In 2004, as a sophomore, he started all 11 games and was named First-team All-<a href="/wiki/Great_West_Football_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Great West Football Conference">Great West Football Conference</a>. In 2003, he played in 10 games and had 24 tackles, and an interception and blocked a kick .
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_career">Professional career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Professional career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-draft">Pre-draft</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-draft">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center">
<caption>Pre-draft measurables
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Height</th>
<th>Weight</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/40-yard_dash" title="40-yard dash">40-yard dash</a></th>
<th>10-yard split</th>
<th>20-yard split</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/20-yard_shuttle" class="mw-redirect" title="20-yard shuttle">20-yard shuttle</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Three-cone_drill" title="Three-cone drill">Three-cone drill</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Vertical_jump" title="Vertical jump">Vertical jump</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Standing_long_jump" title="Standing long jump">Broad jump</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/NFL_Scouting_Combine#Bench_press_records" title="NFL Scouting Combine">Bench press</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>6 1<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1020198016"/><span class="frac" role="math"><span class="num">5</span>&#8260;<span class="den">8</span></span>
</td>
<td>216&#160;lb<br />(98&#160;kg)
</td>
<td><span class="nowrap">4.59 s</span></td>
<td><span class="nowrap">1.60 s</span></td>
<td><span class="nowrap">2.65 s</span></td>
<td><span class="nowrap">4.26 s</span></td>
<td><span class="nowrap">6.69 s</span></td>
<td>35&#160;in<br />(0.89&#160;m)</td>
<td>10&#160;ft 2&#160;in<br />(3.10&#160;m)</td>
<td><span class="nowrap">17 reps</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="13">All values from <a href="/wiki/NFL_Combine" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL Combine">NFL Combine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_York_Giants">New York Giants</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: New York Giants">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Dahl signed with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> after playing <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> at <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_University" title="North Dakota State University">North Dakota State University</a>. On September 2, 2007, he was placed on the 53-man roster. Through week 12 of the 2007 season, Dahl had three tackles. One tackle was against his home-state Vikings. On December 8, 2007, Craig made his first NFL start of his career against the Eagles. He had five tackles in the game. He tore his <a href="/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament" title="Anterior cruciate ligament">anterior cruciate ligament</a> in a game against the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a>, and did not play again.
</p><p>Dahl was waived by the Giants in February 2008 after failing a physical. He was re-signed on July 30, 2008, however, Dahl later again in the Giants' third <a href="/wiki/Preseason" class="mw-redirect" title="Preseason">preseason</a> game tore his <a href="/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament" title="Anterior cruciate ligament">ACL</a>. He was placed on <a href="/wiki/Injured_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Injured reserve">injured reserve</a> ending his season.
</p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Exclusive-rights_free_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive-rights free agent">exclusive-rights free agent</a> after the 2008 season, Dahl was not tendered an offer and became an <a href="/wiki/Unrestricted_free_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Unrestricted free agent">unrestricted free agent</a> in the 2009 offseason.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="St._Louis_Rams">St. Louis Rams</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: St. Louis Rams">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Dahl was signed by the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Rams" title="St. Louis Rams">St. Louis Rams</a> on March 17, 2009. The move reunited him with Rams head coach <a href="/wiki/Steve_Spagnuolo" title="Steve Spagnuolo">Steve Spagnuolo</a>, who was the Giants' defensive coordinator during Dahl's time in New York. The Rams re-signed Dahl on March 7, 2010.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="San_Francisco_49ers">San Francisco 49ers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: San Francisco 49ers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Dahl signed a three-year deal with the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> on March 16, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>He was released by the 49ers on September 4, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Second_stint_with_Giants">Second stint with Giants</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Second stint with Giants">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Dahl re-signed with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> on September 7, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="NFL_statistics">NFL statistics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: NFL statistics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<th rowspan="2">Year
</th>
<th rowspan="2">Team
</th>
<th colspan="2">Games
</th>
<th colspan="4">Tackles
</th>
<th colspan="3">Fumbles
</th>
<th colspan="6">Interceptions
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>G</th>
<th>GS</th>
<th>Comb</th>
<th>Total</th>
<th>Ast</th>
<th>Sack</th>
<th>FF</th>
<th>FR</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>Int</th>
<th>Yds</th>
<th>Avg</th>
<th>Lng</th>
<th>TD</th>
<th>PD
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2007_NFL_season" title="2007 NFL season">2007</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2007_New_York_Giants_season" title="2007 New York Giants season">NYG</a>
</th>
<td>09</td>
<td>02</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2009_NFL_season" title="2009 NFL season">2009</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2009_St._Louis_Rams_season" title="2009 St. Louis Rams season">STL</a>
</th>
<td>14</td>
<td>08</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2010_NFL_season" title="2010 NFL season">2010</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2010_St._Louis_Rams_season" title="2010 St. Louis Rams season">STL</a>
</th>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>11.5</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2011_NFL_season" title="2011 NFL season">2011</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2011_St._Louis_Rams_season" title="2011 St. Louis Rams season">STL</a>
</th>
<td>16</td>
<td>03</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>-3</td>
<td>-3</td>
<td>-3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2012_NFL_season" title="2012 NFL season">2012</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2012_St._Louis_Rams_season" title="2012 St. Louis Rams season">STL</a>
</th>
<td>16</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2013_NFL_season" title="2013 NFL season">2013</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2013_San_Francisco_49ers_season" title="2013 San Francisco 49ers season">SF</a>
</th>
<td>16</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2014_NFL_season" title="2014 NFL season">2014</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season" title="2014 San Francisco 49ers season">SF</a>
</th>
<td>16</td>
<td>01</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/2015_NFL_season" title="2015 NFL season">2015</a></th>
<th><a href="/wiki/2015_New_York_Giants_season" title="2015 New York Giants season">NYG</a>
</th>
<td>15</td>
<td>04</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>4
</td></tr>
<tr class="sortbottom">
<th colspan="2">Career</th>
<th>117</th>
<th>47</th>
<th>401</th>
<th>336</th>
<th>65</th>
<th>4.0</th>
<th>4</th>
<th>3</th>
<th>0</th>
<th>5</th>
<th>58</th>
<th>11.6</th>
<th>38</th>
<th>0</th>
<th>18
</th></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-ESPN_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=67399&amp;DraftYear=2007">"Craig Dahl, DS #13 SS, North Dakota State"</a>. <i>DraftScout.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=DraftScout.com&amp;rft.atitle=Craig+Dahl%2C+DS+%2313+SS%2C+North+Dakota+State&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdraftscout.com%2Fdsprofile.php%3FPlayerId%3D67399%26DraftYear%3D2007&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Dahl" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.49ers.com/news/article-2/49ers-Sign-Safety-Craig-Dahl/d9369571-5020-4dd5-b65a-9488e4e52a18">49ers Sign Safety Craig Dahl</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAlper2015" class="citation news cs1">Alper, Josh (September 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/09/04/49ers-release-philip-wheeler-joe-looney-and-craig-dahl/">"49ers release Philip Wheeler, Joe Looney and Craig Dahl"</a>. <i>NBCSports.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NBCSports.com&amp;rft.atitle=49ers+release+Philip+Wheeler%2C+Joe+Looney+and+Craig+Dahl&amp;rft.date=2015-09-04&amp;rft.aulast=Alper&amp;rft.aufirst=Josh&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofootballtalk.nbcsports.com%2F2015%2F09%2F04%2F49ers-release-philip-wheeler-joe-looney-and-craig-dahl%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Dahl" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSessler2015" class="citation web cs1">Sessler, Marc (September 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000523577/article/giants-release-safety-stevie-brown">"Giants release safety Stevie Brown"</a>. <i>NFL.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NFL.com&amp;rft.atitle=Giants+release+safety+Stevie+Brown&amp;rft.date=2015-09-07&amp;rft.aulast=Sessler&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F0ap3000000523577%2Farticle%2Fgiants-release-safety-stevie-brown&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Dahl" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ESPN-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESPN_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/stats/_/id/10785/craig-dahl">"Craig Dahl statistics"</a>. ESPN Internet Ventures.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Craig+Dahl+statistics&amp;rft.pub=ESPN+Internet+Ventures&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnfl%2Fplayer%2Fstats%2F_%2Fid%2F10785%2Fcraig-dahl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Dahl" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Dahl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214031751/http://www.49ers.com/team/roster/craig-dahl/ff2f6024-f8b6-49c9-a821-0d9092639278/">San Francisco 49ers profile</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><span class="nowrap">2 <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wright_(American_football)" title="Anthony Wright (American football)">Anthony Wright</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">9 <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes" title="Lawrence Tynes">Lawrence Tynes</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">10 <a href="/wiki/Eli_Manning" title="Eli Manning">Eli Manning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" title="Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award"><b>MVP</b></a>)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">12 <a href="/wiki/Steve_Smith_(wide_receiver,_born_1985)" title="Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)">Steve Smith</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">13 <a href="/wiki/Jared_Lorenzen" title="Jared Lorenzen">Jared Lorenzen</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">15 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jennings_(American_football)" title="Michael Jennings (American football)">Michael Jennings</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">17 <a href="/wiki/Plaxico_Burress" title="Plaxico Burress">Plaxico Burress</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">18 <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Feagles" title="Jeff Feagles">Jeff Feagles</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">20 <a href="/wiki/Jim_Finn" title="Jim Finn">Jim Finn</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">22 <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Droughns" title="Reuben Droughns">Reuben Droughns</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">23 <a href="/wiki/Corey_Webster" title="Corey Webster">Corey Webster</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">24 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Douglas_(American_football)" title="Robert Douglas (American football)">Robert Douglas</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">25 <a href="/wiki/R._W._McQuarters" title="R. W. McQuarters">R. W. McQuarters</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">26 <a href="/wiki/DJ_Ware" title="DJ Ware">DJ Ware</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">27 <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs" title="Brandon Jacobs">Brandon Jacobs</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">28 <a href="/wiki/Gibril_Wilson" title="Gibril Wilson">Gibril Wilson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">29 <a href="/wiki/Sam_Madison" title="Sam Madison">Sam Madison</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">30 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Craig Dahl</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">31 <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ross" title="Aaron Ross">Aaron Ross</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">33 <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Pope_(American_football)" title="Geoff Pope (American football)">Geoffrey Pope</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">34 <a href="/wiki/Derrick_Ward" title="Derrick Ward">Derrick Ward</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">35 <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Dockery" title="Kevin Dockery">Kevin Dockery</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">37 <a href="/wiki/James_Butler_(American_football)" title="James Butler (American football)">James Butler</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">39 <a href="/wiki/Madison_Hedgecock" title="Madison Hedgecock">Madison Hedgecock</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">43 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Johnson_(safety)" title="Michael Johnson (safety)">Michael Johnson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">44 <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw" title="Ahmad Bradshaw">Ahmad Bradshaw</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">51 <a href="/wiki/Zak_DeOssie" title="Zak DeOssie">Zak DeOssie</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">52 <a href="/wiki/Tank_Daniels" title="Tank Daniels">Tank Daniels</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">53 <a href="/wiki/Reggie_Torbor" title="Reggie Torbor">Reggie Torbor</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">55 <a href="/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell" title="Kawika Mitchell">Kawika Mitchell</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">57 <a href="/wiki/Chase_Blackburn" title="Chase Blackburn">Chase Blackburn</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">58 <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pierce" title="Antonio Pierce">Antonio Pierce</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">59 <a href="/wiki/Gerris_Wilkinson" title="Gerris Wilkinson">Gerris Wilkinson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">60 <a href="/wiki/Shaun_O%27Hara" title="Shaun O&#39;Hara">Shaun O'Hara</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">61 <a href="/wiki/Adam_Koets" title="Adam Koets">Adam Koets</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">65 <a href="/wiki/Grey_Ruegamer" title="Grey Ruegamer">Grey Ruegamer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">66 <a href="/wiki/David_Diehl" title="David Diehl">David Diehl</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">67 <a href="/wiki/Kareem_McKenzie" title="Kareem McKenzie">Kareem McKenzie</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">69 <a href="/wiki/Rich_Seubert" title="Rich Seubert">Rich Seubert</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">70 <a href="/wiki/Na%27Shan_Goddard" title="Na&#39;Shan Goddard">Na'Shan Goddard</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">71 <a href="/wiki/Dave_Tollefson" title="Dave Tollefson">Dave Tollefson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">72 <a href="/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora" title="Osi Umenyiora">Osi Umenyiora</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">75 <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Wright" title="Manuel Wright">Manuel Wright</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">76 <a href="/wiki/Chris_Snee" title="Chris Snee">Chris Snee</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">77 <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Boothe" title="Kevin Boothe">Kevin Boothe</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">77 <a href="/wiki/Dek_Bake" title="Dek Bake">Dek Bake</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">79 <a href="/wiki/Guy_Whimper" title="Guy Whimper">Guy Whimper</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">80 <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey" title="Jeremy Shockey">Jeremy Shockey</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">81 <a href="/wiki/Amani_Toomer" title="Amani Toomer">Amani Toomer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">82 <a href="/wiki/Brandon_London" title="Brandon London">Brandon London</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">83 <a href="/wiki/Sinorice_Moss" title="Sinorice Moss">Sinorice Moss</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">84 <a href="/wiki/Darcy_Johnson" title="Darcy Johnson">Darcy Johnson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">85 <a href="/wiki/David_Tyree" title="David Tyree">David Tyree</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">86 <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Collins" title="Jerome Collins">Jerome Collins</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">87 <a href="/wiki/Domenik_Hixon" title="Domenik Hixon">Domenik Hixon</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">88 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Matthews_(American_football)" title="Michael Matthews (American football)">Michael Matthews</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">89 <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Boss" title="Kevin Boss">Kevin Boss</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">90 <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Kuehl" title="Ryan Kuehl">Ryan Kuehl</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">91 <a href="/wiki/Justin_Tuck" title="Justin Tuck">Justin Tuck</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">92 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strahan" title="Michael Strahan">Michael Strahan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">93 <a href="/wiki/Jay_Alford" title="Jay Alford">Jay Alford</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">94 <a href="/wiki/William_Joseph_(American_football)" title="William Joseph (American football)">William Joseph</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">95 <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Awasom" title="Adrian Awasom">Adrian Awasom</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">96 <a href="/wiki/Barry_Cofield" title="Barry Cofield">Barry Cofield</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">97 <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Kiwanuka" title="Mathias Kiwanuka">Mathias Kiwanuka</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">98 <a href="/wiki/Fred_Robbins" title="Fred Robbins">Fred Robbins</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">99 <a href="/wiki/Russell_Davis_(defensive_tackle)" title="Russell Davis (defensive tackle)">Russell Davis</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">-- <a href="/wiki/Kay-Jay_Harris" title="Kay-Jay Harris">Kay-Jay Harris</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">-- <a href="/wiki/Todd_Lowber" title="Todd Lowber">Todd Lowber</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">-- <a href="/wiki/Jason_Bell_(American_football)" title="Jason Bell (American football)">Jason Bell</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b>Head coach:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Coughlin" title="Tom Coughlin">Tom Coughlin</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b>Coaches:</b> <a href="/wiki/Andre_Curtis" title="Andre Curtis">Andre Curtis</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_DeGuglielmo" title="Dave DeGuglielmo">Dave DeGuglielmo</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Flaherty_(American_football)" title="Pat Flaherty (American football)">Pat Flaherty</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Gilbride" title="Kevin Gilbride">Kevin Gilbride</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Giunta" title="Peter Giunta">Peter Giunta</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerald_Ingram" title="Jerald Ingram">Jerald Ingram</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGaughey" title="Thomas McGaughey">Thomas McGaughey</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Merritt_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Merritt (American football)">David Merritt</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Palmer_(American_football)" title="Chris Palmer (American football)">Chris Palmer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pope" title="Mike Pope">Mike Pope</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Quinn_(American_football)" title="Tom Quinn (American football)">Tom Quinn</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Ryan_(American_football_coach)" title="Sean Ryan (American football coach)">Sean Ryan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheridan" title="Bill Sheridan">Bill Sheridan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Spagnuolo" title="Steve Spagnuolo">Steve Spagnuolo</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sullivan_(American_football_coach)" title="Mike Sullivan (American football coach)">Mike Sullivan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Waufle" title="Mike Waufle">Mike Waufle</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Markus_Paul" title="Markus Paul">Markus Paul</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b>Personnel:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Barnes_(American_football)" title="Ronnie Barnes (American football)">Ronnie Barnes</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b>Owners:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Mara" title="John Mara">John Mara</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tisch" title="Steve Tisch">Steve Tisch</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Carlie Hanson</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American singer-songwriter</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Carlie Hanson</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">2000-05-18</span>) </span>May 18, 2000<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;22)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt pop">Alt pop</a><sup id="cite_ref-TB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TB-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Occupation(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data role">Singer-songwriter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2016present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carliehanson.com">www<wbr />.carliehanson<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div>
<p><b>Carlie Hanson</b> (born May 18, 2000) is an American singer-songwriter. In 2018, she released the song "Only One", which garnered attention after being featured on a playlist curated by <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>. She released her debut extended play, <i>Junk</i>, in June 2019. This was followed by her 2020 extended play, <i>DestroyDestroyDestroyDestroy</i>. Her debut album, <i>Tough Boy</i>, was released in February 2022.
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_and_education"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Studio_albums"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Studio albums</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Extended_plays"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Extended plays</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Singles"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Singles</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Music_videos"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Music videos</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Hanson was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska, Wisconsin</a>. She was inspired to become a singer by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a> and, at 14, she and a friend began posting cover songs on YouTube, hoping to follow Bieber's path.<sup id="cite_ref-LCT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCT-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In May 2016, while working as a cashier at <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald&#39;s">McDonald's</a>, Hanson entered a local <a href="/wiki/IHeartRadio" title="IHeartRadio">iHeartRadio</a> contest to see <a href="/wiki/Zayn_Malik" title="Zayn Malik">Zayn</a> in concert.<sup id="cite_ref-PCCCOURIER_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCCCOURIER-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> As her entry, she recorded a video of herself singing "<a href="/wiki/Pillowtalk_(Zayn_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillowtalk (Zayn song)">Pillowtalk</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Zayn_Malik" title="Zayn Malik">Zayn</a> while sitting in a parked car outside a shopping mall. She posted the video to Instagram, and it was quickly reposted by iHeart, drawing significant attention. Hanson was subsequently contacted by a talent agent who invited her to Toronto to audition and record for producers from House of Wolf.<sup id="cite_ref-Paper_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paper-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> While in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, she worked with songwriter Dale Anthoni.<sup id="cite_ref-LCT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCT-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> included Hanson's second single, "Only One", on an <a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a> playlist of her favorite songs. Hanson released a video for the song in March 2018, directed by Similar But Different, who assembled an all-female crew for the shoot.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> In April 2018, "Only One" was averaging 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streams</a> daily.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2018, Hanson began touring with <a href="/wiki/Troye_Sivan" title="Troye Sivan">Troye Sivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Petras" title="Kim Petras">Kim Petras</a> on Sivan's <a href="/wiki/Bloom_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloom Tour">Bloom Tour</a>, playing at venues including <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> in New York and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Greek Theatre (Los Angeles)">Greek Theater</a> in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> In a review of the Minneapolis show, <i>Twin Cities Media</i> wrote: "She's badass, shes unapologetic, shes poppy yet gritty, she's effortlessly cool, her music absolutely bangs, and shes selfmade. Carlie Hanson is a little bit of <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a>, a little of <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Kiiara" title="Kiiara">Kiiara</a>, and a lot of something all her own."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2019, Hanson supported <a href="/wiki/Yungblud" title="Yungblud">Yungblud</a> on a series of shows in Europe. She then signed with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros. Records</a> in February 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Primary_Wave_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Wave Music">Primary Wave Music</a> in March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> On April 26, 2019, Hanson released "Back in My Arms".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> The song was later announced to be the lead single from her debut <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">extended play</a>, <i>Junk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> On May 24, 2019, she released "WYA", the second single from <i>Junk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TWITTERJUNK_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWITTERJUNK-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Later that day, Taylor Swift added another of Hanson's songs, "Back in My Arms", to her Apple Music playlist.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> The EP, consisting of five songs, was released on June 7, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> In September 2019, she embarked on The WYA Tour across Europe and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In November 2019, Hanson released the single "Side Effects".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> This was followed by other singles including "Daze Inn",<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> "Stealing All My Friends",<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> and "Good Enough".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> In September 2020, she collaborated with Puerto Rican-American rapper <a href="/wiki/Iann_Dior" title="Iann Dior">Iann Dior</a> on the song "Ego",<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup> and subsequently announced her second extended play, <i>DestroyDestroyDestroyDestroy</i>, which was released on October 23, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> The EP was followed by Hanson's debut studio album <i>Tough Boy</i>, released on February 18, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-TB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TB-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> On January 28, 2022, she was featured on a track originally by <a href="/wiki/Salem_Ilese" title="Salem Ilese">Salem Ilese</a>, fronted by Will Gould of <a href="/wiki/Creeper_(band)" title="Creeper (band)">Creeper</a> from their eponymous extended play. The song, titled "Fall Out of Love", was used for the end credits of the 2022 movie <a href="/wiki/Scream_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scream (2022)">Scream</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 2018, Hanson stated that she does not have a label for her sexuality, but confirmed that she has had relationships with men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> She has since publicly spoken out about LGBTQ+ rights in the media, including an interview with <i>Subvrt Magazine</i> in 2018 where she voiced her opinion about the importance of LGBTQ+ role models.<sup id="cite_ref-SUBVRTMAG_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUBVRTMAG-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Discography">Discography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Studio_albums">Studio albums</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Studio albums">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Title
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width:16em;">Details
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><i>Tough Boy</i>
</th>
<td>
<ul><li>Scheduled: February 18, 2022</li>
<li>Label: <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a></li>
<li>Format: <a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Digital download</a></li></ul>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Extended_plays">Extended plays</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Extended plays">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" style="width:10em;">Title
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width:16em;">Details
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><i>Junk</i>
</th>
<td>
<ul><li>Released: June 7, 2019</li>
<li>Label: Warner Bros.</li>
<li>Format: Digital download</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><i>DestroyDestroy<br />DestroyDestroy</i>
</th>
<td>
<ul><li>Released: October 23, 2020</li>
<li>Label: Warner Bros.</li>
<li>Format: Digital download</li></ul>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Singles">Singles</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Singles">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" style="width:14em;">Title
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width:1em;">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Album
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Why Did You Lie"
</th>
<td rowspan="2">2017
</td>
<td rowspan="6" data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Non-album singles
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Only One"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Us"
</th>
<td rowspan="4">2018
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Mood"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Toxins"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Numb"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Back in My Arms"
</th>
<td rowspan="3">2019
</td>
<td rowspan="2"><i>Junk</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"WYA"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Side Effects"
</th>
<td rowspan="5"><i>DestroyDestroy<br />DestroyDestroy</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Daze Inn"
</th>
<td rowspan="4">2020
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Stealing All My Friends"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Good Enough"
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Ego"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring <a href="/wiki/Iann_Dior" title="Iann Dior">Iann Dior</a>)</span>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Gucci Knife"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring MASN)</span>
</th>
<td rowspan="2">2021
</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>Tough Boy</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Snot"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Deb Never)</span>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Fuck Your Labels"
</th>
<td>2022
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Music_videos">Music videos</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Music videos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Title
</th>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Director(s)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Only One"
</th>
<td>2018
</td>
<td data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Unknown
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Numb"
</th>
<td rowspan="2">2019
</td>
<td>Nicholas Jandora
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Back in My Arms"
</th>
<td>Danilo Parra
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Daze Inn"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup>
</th>
<td rowspan="4">2020
</td>
<td>Serena Reynolds
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Stealing All My Friends"
</th>
<td>Danielle DeGrasse-Alston
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Good Enough"
</th>
<td>Christina Xing
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Ego"
</th>
<td>Ryan Baxley
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Gucci Knife"
</th>
<td rowspan="2">2021
</td>
<td>Nicholas Jandora
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">"Snot"
</th>
<td>Lucas Chemotti
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-TB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Carlie-Hanson-Releases-New-Single-From-Upcoming-Tough-Boy-Album-20220114">"Carlie Hanson Releases New Single From Upcoming 'Tough Boy' Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BroadwayWorld" title="BroadwayWorld">BroadwayWorld</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+Releases+New+Single+From+Upcoming+%27Tough+Boy%27+Album&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Fbwwmusic%2Farticle%2FCarlie-Hanson-Releases-New-Single-From-Upcoming-Tough-Boy-Album-20220114&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8514832/carlie-hanson-interview-junk-ep">"Carlie Hanson, Alt-Pop's New Teen Queen, On Making Sense Of Her Odds and Ends"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson%2C+Alt-Pop%27s+New+Teen+Queen%2C+On+Making+Sense+Of+Her+Odds+and+Ends&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fpop%2F8514832%2Fcarlie-hanson-interview-junk-ep&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRamynke" class="citation web cs1">Ramynke, Ashley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highschool.latimes.com/santiago-canyon-college/interview-wisconsin-native-carlie-hanson-on-translating-the-bad-habits-of-her-teenage-years-to-pop-single-toxins/">"Interview: Wisconsin-native Carlie Hanson on translating the bad habits of her teenage years to pop single "Toxins"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Wisconsin-native+Carlie+Hanson+on+translating+the+bad+habits+of+her+teenage+years+to+pop+single+%22Toxins%22&amp;rft.aulast=Ramynke&amp;rft.aufirst=Ashley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhighschool.latimes.com%2Fsantiago-canyon-college%2Finterview-wisconsin-native-carlie-hanson-on-translating-the-bad-habits-of-her-teenage-years-to-pop-single-toxins%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LCT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LCT_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LCT_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFErickson" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Randy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lacrossetribune.com/entertainment/major-label-things-ahead-for-onalaska-singer-carlie-hanson/article_019c010f-14b3-5bdc-b72d-f040babd4e53.html">"Major (label) things ahead for Onalaska singer Carlie Hanson"</a>. <i>La Crosse Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=La+Crosse+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=Major+%28label%29+things+ahead+for+Onalaska+singer+Carlie+Hanson&amp;rft.aulast=Erickson&amp;rft.aufirst=Randy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flacrossetribune.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmajor-label-things-ahead-for-onalaska-singer-carlie-hanson%2Farticle_019c010f-14b3-5bdc-b72d-f040babd4e53.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PCCCOURIER-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCCCOURIER_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcccourier.com/main-story/carlie-hanson-the-fresh-faced-phenom-of-the-music-industry.html">"Carlie Hanson: Pop music's fresh-faced phenom PCC Courier"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Carlie+Hanson%3A+Pop+music%27s+fresh-faced+phenom+%E2%80%93+PCC+Courier&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcccourier.com%2Fmain-story%2Fcarlie-hanson-the-fresh-faced-phenom-of-the-music-industry.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Paper-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paper_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papermag.com/carlie-hanson-2577180425.html">"Meet Carlie Hanson: 18-Year-Old Pop Star in the Making"</a>. <i>PAPER</i>. 2018-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PAPER&amp;rft.atitle=Meet+Carlie+Hanson%3A+18-Year-Old+Pop+Star+in+the+Making&amp;rft.date=2018-06-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.papermag.com%2Fcarlie-hanson-2577180425.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babe.net/2018/07/17/who-is-carlie-hanson-72061">"Meet Carlie Hanson, the singer you'll be hooked on all summer...and all fall...and all year, really"</a>. <i>babe</i>. 2018-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=babe&amp;rft.atitle=Meet+Carlie+Hanson%2C+the+singer+you%27ll+be+hooked+on+all+summer...and+all+fall...and+all+year%2C+really&amp;rft.date=2018-07-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabe.net%2F2018%2F07%2F17%2Fwho-is-carlie-hanson-72061&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lofficielusa.com/music/charlie-hanson-premiers-first-music-video-for-only-one">"Watch Carlie Hanson's Music Video for "Only One"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.lofficielusa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.lofficielusa.com&amp;rft.atitle=Watch+Carlie+Hanson%27s+Music+Video+for+%22Only+One%22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lofficielusa.com%2Fmusic%2Fcharlie-hanson-premiers-first-music-video-for-only-one&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.withguitars.com/carlie-hanson-announces-debut-live-shows-in-los-angeles-ca-and-new-york-ny-on-may-18th-and-may-29th/">"Carlie Hanson Announces Debut Live Shows in Los Angeles, CA and New York, NY on May 18th and May 29th WithGuitars"</a>. <i>www.withguitars.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.withguitars.com&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+Announces+Debut+Live+Shows+in+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+and+New+York%2C+NY+on+May+18th+and+May+29th+%E2%80%93+WithGuitars&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.withguitars.com%2Fcarlie-hanson-announces-debut-live-shows-in-los-angeles-ca-and-new-york-ny-on-may-18th-and-may-29th%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/110948/carlie-hanson-on-her-sexuality-struggles-with-mental-health-and-touring-with-troye-sivan/">"Carlie Hanson on her sexuality, struggles with mental health and touring with Troye Sivan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gay_Times" title="Gay Times">Gay Times</a></i>. 2018-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Gay+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+on+her+sexuality%2C+struggles+with+mental+health+and+touring+with+Troye+Sivan&amp;rft.date=2018-07-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaytimes.co.uk%2Fculture%2F110948%2Fcarlie-hanson-on-her-sexuality-struggles-with-mental-health-and-touring-with-troye-sivan%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twincitiesmedia.net/blog/troye-sivan-bring-the-bloom-tour-to-minneapolis-state-theater/">"Troye Sivan Brings The Bloom Tour To Minneapolis' State Theater"</a>. <i>TwinCitiesMedia.net</i>. 2018-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TwinCitiesMedia.net&amp;rft.atitle=Troye+Sivan+Brings+The+Bloom+Tour+To+Minneapolis%27+State+Theater&amp;rft.date=2018-10-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwincitiesmedia.net%2Fblog%2Ftroye-sivan-bring-the-bloom-tour-to-minneapolis-state-theater%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKennedy" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michigandaily.com/section/arts/carlie-hanson-most-taurus-person-you%E2%80%99ll-ever-meet">"Carlie Hanson is the most Taurus person you'll ever meet"</a>. <i>The Michigan Daily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Michigan+Daily&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+is+the+most+Taurus+person+you%27ll+ever+meet&amp;rft.aulast=Kennedy&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigandaily.com%2Fsection%2Farts%2Fcarlie-hanson-most-taurus-person-you%25E2%2580%2599ll-ever-meet&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFErickson" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Randy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madison.com/entertainment/music/onalaska-s-carlie-hanson-signs-record-contract-with-warner-bros/article_5e9e0dca-50cc-53ab-b8f0-f203ab806440.html">"Onalaska's Carlie Hanson signs record contract with Warner Bros"</a>. <i>madison.com</i>. La Crosse Tribune<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=madison.com&amp;rft.atitle=Onalaska%27s+Carlie+Hanson+signs+record+contract+with+Warner+Bros.&amp;rft.aulast=Erickson&amp;rft.aufirst=Randy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadison.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fonalaska-s-carlie-hanson-signs-record-contract-with-warner-bros%2Farticle_5e9e0dca-50cc-53ab-b8f0-f203ab806440.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/publishing/8501951/publishing-briefs-denzel-curry-concord-carlie-hanson-primary-wave">"Publishing Briefs: Denzel Curry Signs With Concord Music, Carlie Hanson Teams With Primary Wave &amp; More"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=Publishing+Briefs%3A+Denzel+Curry+Signs+With+Concord+Music%2C+Carlie+Hanson+Teams+With+Primary+Wave+%26+More&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fbusiness%2Fpublishing%2F8501951%2Fpublishing-briefs-denzel-curry-concord-carlie-hanson-primary-wave&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehypemagazine.com/2018/12/carlie-hanson-numb/">"Carlie Hanson Numb"</a>. <i>The Hype Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hype+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+%E2%80%93+Numb&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehypemagazine.com%2F2018%2F12%2Fcarlie-hanson-numb%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://campaigns.topsify.com/app/16977/presave-carlie-hanson-back-in-my-arms">"Pre-save Carlie Hanson's single 'Back in my Arms'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>campaigns.topsify.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=campaigns.topsify.com&amp;rft.atitle=Pre-save+Carlie+Hanson%27s+single+%27Back+in+my+Arms%27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcampaigns.topsify.com%2Fapp%2F16977%2Fpresave-carlie-hanson-back-in-my-arms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idolator.com/7765395/carlie-hanson-drops-back-in-my-arms-video-announces-debut-ep-junk">"Carlie Hanson Drops "Back In My Arms" Video, Announces 'Junk' EP"</a>. <i>idolator</i>. 2019-05-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=idolator&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+Drops+%22Back+In+My+Arms%22+Video%2C+Announces+%27Junk%27+EP&amp;rft.date=2019-05-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idolator.com%2F7765395%2Fcarlie-hanson-drops-back-in-my-arms-video-announces-debut-ep-junk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TWITTERJUNK-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TWITTERJUNK_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/carliehanson/status/1130552065145679873">"WYA comes out this Friday!!!! and my EP 'Junk' is available for Pre-Order now bitch so let's go📺🕹"</a>. May 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2019</span> &#8211; via Twitter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=WYA+comes+out+this+Friday%21%21%21%21+and+my+EP+%27Junk%27+is+available+for+Pre-Order+now+bitch+so+let%27s+go%F0%9F%93%BA%F0%9F%95%B9&amp;rft.date=2019-05-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fcarliehanson%2Fstatus%2F1130552065145679873&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8513020/taylor-swift-playlist-apple-music">"Taylor Swift Shares New Playlist Of Songs She's 'Loving Right Now': Listen"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=Taylor+Swift+Shares+New+Playlist+Of+Songs+She%27s+%27Loving+Right+Now%27%3A+Listen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fpop%2F8513020%2Ftaylor-swift-playlist-apple-music&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBWW_News_Desk" class="citation web cs1">BWW News Desk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Carlie-Hanson-Releases-Video-For-BACK-IN-MY-ARMS-Debut-EP-Out-67-20190503">"Carlie Hanson Releases Video For BACK IN MY ARMS, Debut EP Out 6/7"</a>. <i>BroadwayWorld.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+Releases+Video+For+BACK+IN+MY+ARMS%2C+Debut+EP+Out+6%2F7&amp;rft.au=BWW+News+Desk&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Fbwwmusic%2Farticle%2FCarlie-Hanson-Releases-Video-For-BACK-IN-MY-ARMS-Debut-EP-Out-67-20190503&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goldenvoice.co.uk/events/detail/carlie-hanson">"Carlie Hanson"</a>. <i>Golden Voice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Golden+Voice&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenvoice.co.uk%2Fevents%2Fdetail%2Fcarlie-hanson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHanson,_Carlie_&#91;@carliehanson&#93;2019" class="citation web cs1">Hanson, Carlie [@carliehanson] (November 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/carliehanson/status/1196488316016680961">"SIDE EFFECTS November 22nd new era baby let's fucking go. pre-save in BIO"</a> (Tweet) &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=SIDE+EFFECTS+November+22nd+new+era+baby+let%E2%80%99s+fucking+go.+pre-save+in+BIO&amp;rft.date=2019-11-18&amp;rft.au=Hanson%2C+Carlie+%5B%40carliehanson%5D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fcarliehanson%2Fstatus%2F1196488316016680961&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/amp/articles/news/pride/9345101/carlie-hanson-daze-inn-video">"Carlie Hanson Checks Into the 'Daze Inn' for Delirious New Video"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+Checks+Into+the+%27Daze+Inn%27+for+Delirious+New+Video&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Famp%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fpride%2F9345101%2Fcarlie-hanson-daze-inn-video&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHanson,_Carlie_&#91;@carliehanson&#93;2020" class="citation web cs1">Hanson, Carlie [@carliehanson] (June 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/carliehanson/status/1275479641042501639">"Stealing All My Friends Friday 2.26 poured my heart into this song."</a> (Tweet) &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Stealing+All+My+Friends+Friday+2.26+poured+my+heart+into+this+song..&amp;rft.date=2020-06-23&amp;rft.au=Hanson%2C+Carlie+%5B%40carliehanson%5D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fcarliehanson%2Fstatus%2F1275479641042501639&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/amp/articles/columns/pop/9438999/10-cool-new-pop-songs-carlie-hanson-astrid-s-clean-bandit">"10 Cool New Pop Songs To Get You Through The Week: Carlie Hanson, Astrid S, Clean Bandit &amp; More"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. August 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=10+Cool+New+Pop+Songs+To+Get+You+Through+The+Week%3A+Carlie+Hanson%2C+Astrid+S%2C+Clean+Bandit+%26+More&amp;rft.date=2020-08-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Famp%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fpop%2F9438999%2F10-cool-new-pop-songs-carlie-hanson-astrid-s-clean-bandit&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.altpress.com/news/carlie-hanson-iann-dior-collab-ego/">"Hear Carlie Hanson and iann dior let their "Ego" speak in new collab"</a>. <i>AltPress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=AltPress&amp;rft.atitle=Hear+Carlie+Hanson+and+iann+dior+let+their+%22Ego%22+speak+in+new+collab&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.altpress.com%2Fnews%2Fcarlie-hanson-iann-dior-collab-ego%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmstudio.com/music/music.html?page=20200929-12155">"Carlie Hanson Announces New EP "DestroyDestroyDestroyDestroy", Drops New Song "Ego" featuring iann dior"</a>. <i>PMStudio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PMStudio&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+Announces+New+EP+%22DestroyDestroyDestroyDestroy%22%2C+Drops+New+Song+%22Ego%22+featuring+iann+dior&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmstudio.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic.html%3Fpage%3D20200929-12155&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/carlie-hanson-on-her-sexuality-struggles-with-mental-health-and-touring-with-troye-sivan/amp/">"Carlie Hanson on her sexuality, struggles with mental health and touring with Troye Sivan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gay_Times" title="Gay Times">Gay Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Gay+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+on+her+sexuality%2C+struggles+with+mental+health+and+touring+with+Troye+Sivan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaytimes.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fcarlie-hanson-on-her-sexuality-struggles-with-mental-health-and-touring-with-troye-sivan%2Famp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SUBVRTMAG-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUBVRTMAG_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.subvrtmag.com/rising-star-carlie-hanson-talks-lgbtq-issues-mental-health/">"Rising Star Carlie Hanson Talks LGBTQ+ Issues &amp; Mental Health"</a>. <i>Subvrt Mag</i>. 2018-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Subvrt+Mag&amp;rft.atitle=Rising+Star+Carlie+Hanson+Talks+LGBTQ%2B+Issues+%26+Mental+Health&amp;rft.date=2018-10-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.subvrtmag.com%2Frising-star-carlie-hanson-talks-lgbtq-issues-mental-health%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/133785/carlie-hanson-drops-video-for-euphoric-pop-anthem-daze-inn%3fpwa-amp">"Carlie Hanson drops video for euphoric pop anthem Daze Inn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gay_Times_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay Times Magazine">Gay Times Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Gay+Times+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Carlie+Hanson+drops+video+for+euphoric+pop+anthem+Daze+Inn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaytimes.co.uk%2Fculture%2F133785%2Fcarlie-hanson-drops-video-for-euphoric-pop-anthem-daze-inn%253fpwa-amp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarlie+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged June 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlie_Hanson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carliehanson.com">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dwight Helminen</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American professional ice hockey center (born 1983)</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ice hockey player</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.4em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size: 125%;">Dwight Helminen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="/wiki/File:Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Helminen Dwight Pelicans 2011 1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg/225px-Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg/338px-Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg/450px-Helminen_Dwight_Pelicans_2011_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="2520" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Born</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">
<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1983-06-22</span>) </span>June 22, 1983<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;38)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Michigan" title="Hancock, Michigan">Hancock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Height</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">
5&#160;ft 10&#160;in (178&#160;cm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Weight</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;">
191&#160;lb (87&#160;kg; 13&#160;st 9&#160;lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Position</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">
<a href="/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)" title="Centre (ice hockey)">Center</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">Shoots</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">
Left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> team<br />Former teams</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">
<i><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Wings" title="Kalamazoo Wings">Kalamazoo Wings</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/JYP_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="JYP Jyväskylä">JYP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Hurricanes" title="Carolina Hurricanes">Carolina Hurricanes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pelicans_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelicans (ice hockey)">Pelicans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/NHL_Entry_Draft" title="NHL Entry Draft">NHL Draft</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">
244th overall, <a href="/wiki/2002_NHL_Entry_Draft" title="2002 NHL Entry Draft">2002</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers" title="Edmonton Oilers">Edmonton Oilers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Playing career</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;">
2004&#8211;present</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Dwight Edward Helminen</b> (born June 22, 1983) is a professional American <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> <a href="/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)" title="Centre (ice hockey)">center</a> who most recently played with the <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Wings" title="Kalamazoo Wings">Kalamazoo Wings</a> of the <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a>. His brother <a href="/wiki/Lars_Helminen" title="Lars Helminen">Lars</a> plays with <a href="/wiki/EHC_Black_Wings_Linz" class="mw-redirect" title="EHC Black Wings Linz">Linz EHC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Hockey League">EBEL</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Playing_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Playing career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career_statistics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career statistics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Awards_and_honors"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and honors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Playing_career">Playing career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Helminen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Playing career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Helminen was born in <a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Michigan" title="Hancock, Michigan">Hancock, Michigan</a>, and raised in <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Michigan" title="Brighton, Michigan">Brighton, Michigan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> As a youth, he played in the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Quebec_International_Pee-Wee_Hockey_Tournament" title="Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament">Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament</a> with the Detroit Compuware <a href="/wiki/Minor_ice_hockey" title="Minor ice hockey">minor ice hockey</a> team.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>He was drafted 244th overall in the <a href="/wiki/2002_NHL_Entry_Draft" title="2002 NHL Entry Draft">2002 NHL Entry Draft</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers" title="Edmonton Oilers">Edmonton Oilers</a>. Dwight played junior hockey for the <a href="/wiki/USA_Hockey" title="USA Hockey">U.S. Junior National Team</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a> (USHL) and college hockey at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Michigan Wolverines men&#39;s ice hockey">Wolverines</a>. On March 3, 2004, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> acquired his rights from the Oilers along with a 2004 second round draft pick and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Valiquette" title="Steve Valiquette">Steve Valiquette</a> in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Petr_Nedv%C4%9Bd" title="Petr Nedvěd">Petr Nedvěd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jussi_Markkanen" title="Jussi Markkanen">Jussi Markkanen</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
</p><p>Since turning professional, Helminen has played for the <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Checkers_(ECHL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Checkers (ECHL)">Charlotte Checkers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Wolf_Pack" title="Hartford Wolf Pack">Hartford Wolf Pack</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> (AHL), before signing with <a href="/wiki/JYP_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="JYP Jyväskylä">JYP</a> <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a> in the Finnish <a href="/wiki/Liiga" title="Liiga">SM-liiga</a> in 2007.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
</p><p>Helminen signed a one-year contract with the <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Hurricanes" title="Carolina Hurricanes">Carolina Hurricanes</a> on July 3, 2008. He was then assigned to the Hurricanes' affiliate, the <a href="/wiki/Albany_River_Rats" title="Albany River Rats">Albany River Rats</a> of the AHL. Helminen made his NHL debut in the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season" title="200809 NHL season">200809 season</a> after an injury to <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Sutter" title="Brandon Sutter">Brandon Sutter</a>. He played in 23 regular season games by season's end with the Hurricanes, as well as one playoff game.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
</p><p>On July 16, 2009, Helminen signed a one-year contract with the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season" title="200910 NHL season">200910 season</a>, on February 11, 2010, Helminen scored his first goal with the Sharks, against the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a>. On April 22, 2010, he scored a goal against the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche" title="Colorado Avalanche">Colorado Avalanche</a> in the Sharks' first-round playoff series.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
</p><p>Midway through the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_ECHL_season" title="201112 ECHL season">201112 season</a>, Helminen left <a href="/wiki/KLH_Chomutov" class="mw-redirect" title="KLH Chomutov">KLH Chomutov</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1._n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_hokejov%C3%A1_liga" class="mw-redirect" title="1. národní hokejová liga">Czech first division</a> league to return to North America, signing with the <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Wings" title="Kalamazoo Wings">Kalamazoo Wings</a> of the ECHL on February 6, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career_statistics">Career statistics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Helminen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career statistics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:75%">
<tbody><tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0">
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">
</th>
<th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff">
</th>
<th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Regular_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular season">Regular season</a>
</th>
<th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff">
</th>
<th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Playoffs" title="Playoffs">Playoffs</a>
</th></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0">
<th><a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">Season</a>
</th>
<th>Team
</th>
<th>League
</th>
<th>GP
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">G</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">A</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Pts</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">PIM</a>
</th>
<th>GP
</th>
<th>G
</th>
<th>A
</th>
<th>Pts
</th>
<th>PIM
</th></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_ice_hockey_season" title="200102 NCAA Division I men&#39;s ice hockey season">200102</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Central_Collegiate_Hockey_Association" title="Central Collegiate Hockey Association">CCHA</a>
</td>
<td>39
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>8
</td>
<td>18
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_ice_hockey_season" title="200203 NCAA Division I men&#39;s ice hockey season">200203</a>
</td>
<td>University of Michigan
</td>
<td>CCHA
</td>
<td>39
</td>
<td>17
</td>
<td>16
</td>
<td>33
</td>
<td>34
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_ice_hockey_season" title="200304 NCAA Division I men&#39;s ice hockey season">200304</a>
</td>
<td>University of Michigan
</td>
<td>CCHA
</td>
<td>41
</td>
<td>17
</td>
<td>12
</td>
<td>29
</td>
<td>4
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td><a href="/wiki/2004-05_AHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2004-05 AHL season">200405</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Wolf_Pack" title="Hartford Wolf Pack">Hartford Wolf Pack</a>
</td>
<td>AHL
</td>
<td>41
</td>
<td>2
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>9
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2004-05_ECHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2004-05 ECHL season">200405</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Checkers_(ECHL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Checkers (ECHL)">Charlotte Checkers</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a>
</td>
<td>28
</td>
<td>5
</td>
<td>16
</td>
<td>21
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>15
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>3
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td><a href="/wiki/2005-06_AHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2005-06 AHL season">200506</a>
</td>
<td>Hartford Wolf Pack
</td>
<td>AHL
</td>
<td>77
</td>
<td>32
</td>
<td>23
</td>
<td>55
</td>
<td>40
</td>
<td>13
</td>
<td>3
</td>
<td>5
</td>
<td>8
</td>
<td>10
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2006-07_AHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2006-07 AHL season">200607</a>
</td>
<td>Hartford Wolf Pack
</td>
<td>AHL
</td>
<td>80
</td>
<td>15
</td>
<td>24
</td>
<td>39
</td>
<td>32
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>2
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_SM-liiga_season" title="200708 SM-liiga season">200708</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/JYP_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="JYP Jyväskylä">JYP</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/SM-liiga" class="mw-redirect" title="SM-liiga">SM-l</a>
</td>
<td>52
</td>
<td>20
</td>
<td>25
</td>
<td>45
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>6
</td>
<td>3
</td>
<td>3
</td>
<td>6
</td>
<td>0
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2008-09_AHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2008-09 AHL season">200809</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Albany_River_Rats" title="Albany River Rats">Albany River Rats</a>
</td>
<td>AHL
</td>
<td>54
</td>
<td>15
</td>
<td>15
</td>
<td>30
</td>
<td>26
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td><a href="/wiki/2008-09_NHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2008-09 NHL season">200809</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Hurricanes" title="Carolina Hurricanes">Carolina Hurricanes</a>
</td>
<td>NHL
</td>
<td>23
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>2
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>0
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_AHL_season" title="200910 AHL season">200910</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Sharks" title="Worcester Sharks">Worcester Sharks</a>
</td>
<td>AHL
</td>
<td>74
</td>
<td>12
</td>
<td>10
</td>
<td>22
</td>
<td>16
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season" title="200910 NHL season">200910</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a>
</td>
<td>NHL
</td>
<td>4
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>4
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2010-11_SM-liiga_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2010-11 SM-liiga season">201011</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Pelicans_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelicans (ice hockey)">Pelicans</a>
</td>
<td>SM-l
</td>
<td>60
</td>
<td>12
</td>
<td>16
</td>
<td>28
</td>
<td>40
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<td>201112
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A1ti_Chomutov" title="Piráti Chomutov">Piráti Chomutov</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/1._n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_hokejov%C3%A1_liga" class="mw-redirect" title="1. národní hokejová liga">CZE.1</a>
</td>
<td>24
</td>
<td>4
</td>
<td>14
</td>
<td>18
</td>
<td>6
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><a href="/wiki/2011-12_ECHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2011-12 ECHL season">201112</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Wings" title="Kalamazoo Wings">Kalamazoo Wings</a>
</td>
<td>ECHL
</td>
<td>20
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>11
</td>
<td>18
</td>
<td>6
</td>
<td>14
</td>
<td>5
</td>
<td>7
</td>
<td>12
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0">
<th colspan="3">NHL totals
</th>
<th>27
</th>
<th>2
</th>
<th>1
</th>
<th>3
</th>
<th>0
</th>
<th>8
</th>
<th>1
</th>
<th>0
</th>
<th>1
</th>
<th>4
</th></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Helminen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Award
</th>
<th>Year
</th>
<th>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Central_Collegiate_Hockey_Association" title="Central Collegiate Hockey Association">CCHA</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_CCHA_All-Tournament_Teams" title="List of CCHA All-Tournament Teams">All-Tournament Team</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/2003_CCHA_Men%27s_Ice_Hockey_Tournament" title="2003 CCHA Men&#39;s Ice Hockey Tournament">2003</a>
</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-media_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Helminen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicationsports.com/ressources/files/439/Joueurs_Pro.pdf">"Pee-Wee players who have reached NHL or WHA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Quebec+International+Pee-Wee+Hockey+Tournament&amp;rft.atitle=Pee-Wee+players+who+have+reached+NHL+or+WHA&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicationsports.com%2Fressources%2Ffiles%2F439%2FJoueurs_Pro.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Helminen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718215001/http://sharks.nhl.com/team/app/?service=page&amp;page=NewsPage&amp;articleid=442902">"Sharks sign four players, re-sign Vesce"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a>. 2009-07-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sharks.nhl.com/team/app?articleid=442902&amp;page=NewsPage&amp;service=page">the original</a> on 2009-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks+sign+four+players%2C+re-sign+Vesce&amp;rft.pub=San+Jose+Sharks&amp;rft.date=2009-07-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsharks.nhl.com%2Fteam%2Fapp%3Farticleid%3D442902%26page%3DNewsPage%26service%3Dpage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Helminen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208171403/http://www.kwings.com/newsRelease.php?K-WINGS-ADD-NHL-EXPERIENCE-307">"Wings add NHL experience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Wings" title="Kalamazoo Wings">Kalamazoo Wings</a>. 2012-02-06. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwings.com/newsRelease.php?K-WINGS-ADD-NHL-EXPERIENCE-307">the original</a> on 2012-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wings+add+NHL+experience&amp;rft.pub=Kalamazoo+Wings&amp;rft.date=2012-02-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kwings.com%2FnewsRelease.php%3FK-WINGS-ADD-NHL-EXPERIENCE-307&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Helminen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-media-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-media_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/cchahockey/docs/2012-13_ccha_media_guide_final_2a_compressed#">"2012-13 CCHA Media Guide"</a>. ISSUU.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=2012-13+CCHA+Media+Guide&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fcchahockey%2Fdocs%2F2012-13_ccha_media_guide_final_2a_compressed%23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwight+Helminen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Helminen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=63225">Dwight Helminen career statistics</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeydb.com/">The Internet Hockey Database</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jed_Ortmeyer" title="Jed Ortmeyer">Jed Ortmeyer</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/CCHA_Best_Defensive_Forward" title="CCHA Best Defensive Forward">CCHA Best Defensive Forward</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_ice_hockey_season" title="200304 NCAA Division I men&#39;s ice hockey season">200304</a>
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Nystrom" title="Eric Nystrom">Eric Nystrom</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Gun</i> (2010 film)</h1>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2010 American film</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Gun</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Gun_Film_Poster.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Gun Film Poster.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Gun_Film_Poster.jpg/220px-Gun_Film_Poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0e/Gun_Film_Poster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="383" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jessy_Terrero" title="Jessy Terrero">Jessy Terrero</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">Curtis Jackson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Randall Emmett <br /> Curtis Jackson <br /> George Furla</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data">Curtis Jackson<br /><a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/AnnaLynne_McCord" title="AnnaLynne McCord">AnnaLynne McCord</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Remar" title="James Remar">James Remar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Danny_Trejo" title="Danny Trejo">Danny Trejo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/La_La_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="La La (entertainer)">La La</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christa_Campbell" title="Christa Campbell">Christa Campbell</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Larroquette" title="John Larroquette">John Larroquette</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Zeus Morand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Kirk Morri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ben Zarai <br /> David Allen Kitchens</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Production<br />companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_Vision" title="Cheetah Vision">Cheetah Vision Films</a> <br /> Hannibal Pictures <br /> Richard Jackson Films <br /> 120 Tax Credit Finance <br /> <a href="/wiki/Emmett/Furla/Oasis_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films">Emmett/Furla Films</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Image_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Entertainment">Image Entertainment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>July&#160;30,&#160;2010<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-07-30</span>)</span>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/New_York_International_Latino_Film_Festival" title="New York International Latino Film Festival">New York Latino</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">82 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Gun</b></i> is a 2010 <a href="/wiki/Direct-to-video" title="Direct-to-video">direct-to-video</a> <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Jessy_Terrero" title="Jessy Terrero">Jessy Terrero</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a> and starring himself, <a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Remar" title="James Remar">James Remar</a>. Filming took place in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a>, Michigan.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Synopsis"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Synopsis</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cast"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cast</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Synopsis">Synopsis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_(2010_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Synopsis">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Angel (Kilmer) gets out of prison only to get involved in the <a href="/wiki/Arms_trafficking" title="Arms trafficking">gun-running</a> ring of his old friend, Rich (Jackson). Rich and friends raid a club, killing Ali Tyrell, another arms dealer.
</p><p>Later, an officer investigates and calls a meeting, but two <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a> agents come in disrupting the meeting. The meeting continues, discussing a mathematics teacher buying a Smith &amp; Wesson firearm but his house gets robbed by a gangster and later he kills someone with the same gun. He subsequently decides to sell the gun back to the same shop, without knowing that the shop owner gives the firearms to Rich and his friends.
</p><p>Angel meets with Rich who helped him before to move guns. Afterwards, Rich and his friends torture an arms dealer who lied to them. Rich meets a news reporter to talk about the gun business and she takes him to his house.
</p><p>The next day, Angel meets the officer and it's shown that he was let out of prison to be an informant for them, with a flashback scene shown his wife being killed. The reporter goes to her wealthy boss to sell advanced guns to Rich, but her boss gives a lecture saying he might be a thug selling guns and saying his family been in the arms business since the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover Administration">Hoover administration</a> now to advanced guns but she says they could trust him.
</p><p>The next day they meet without knowing that Angel is against them and the police are seeing their every move. The boss introduces himself to Rich and gives his van full of guns to him. He calls one of his minions to give Rich one of the guns to examine. Rich immediately agrees to buy them and is just about to pay when the police attack. During the fight Rich gets shot. Angel rescues him, but when they are alone turns and points his gun at Rich, who realizes that Angel has been the rat all along.
</p><p>Angel tells him that the cocktail waitress that was killed was his wife. Rich laughs and tells Angel that he is just like him, a killer, and that everybody that Angel has killed was someone's son or husband. As Angel breaks down, Rich pulls a gun, but Angel gets the shot off first. Rich lies on the ground, telling Angel to kill him, that nobody will miss him and that he'll see him in Hell. As Angel is about to kill him, the agent shoots Angel.
</p><p>As time elapsed, Angel walks down a corridor with a sling on his arm, and he meets with his daughter. The agent is seen walking into his office and is questioned by reporters on how he feels about Rich's plea bargain, and on the rumors that he has stepped down. The movie ends with Rich walking to his cell in handcuffs, and he looks up through the bars as the cell is opening.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cast">Cast</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_(2010_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a> as Rich</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a> as Angel</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AnnaLynne_McCord" title="AnnaLynne McCord">AnnaLynne McCord</a> as Gabriella</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Remar" title="James Remar">James Remar</a> as Detective Rogers</li>
<li>Malik Barnhardt as Ali</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Paul Calderón">Paul Calderón</a> as Detective Jenkins</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Campbell" title="Christa Campbell">Christa Campbell</a> as News reporter</li>
<li>Josh Carrizales as Valentine</li>
<li>Alton Clinton as Ali's Crew #1</li>
<li>Jill Dugan as Angel's Wife</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Famiglietti" title="Mark Famiglietti">Mark Famiglietti</a> as ATF Agent Peterson</li>
<li>Gary Darnell Jackson Jr. as Young Rich</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Johnson" title="Hassan Johnson">Hassan Johnson</a> as Clinton</li>
<li>Kristin Kandrac as News Reporter #2</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a> as Rich's Dad</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Larroquette" title="John Larroquette">John Larroquette</a> as Sam</li>
<li>Mike Malin as ATF Agent Monroe</li>
<li>C. Malik Whitfield as Dante</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_(2010_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_(2010_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1560954/"><i>Gun</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/gun_2010"><i>Gun</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/50_Cent_albums_discography" title="50 Cent albums discography">Albums discography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/50_Cent_singles_discography" title="50 Cent singles discography">Singles discography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/50_Cent_videography" title="50 Cent videography">Videography</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/G-Unit" title="G-Unit">G-Unit</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_Rich_or_Die_Tryin%27" title="Get Rich or Die Tryin&#39;">Get Rich or Die Tryin'</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre" title="The Massacre">The Massacre</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtis_(50_Cent_album)" title="Curtis (50 Cent album)">Curtis</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Before_I_Self_Destruct" title="Before I Self Destruct">Before I Self Destruct</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ambition" title="Animal Ambition">Animal Ambition</a></i></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unreleased" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE; text-align:center;">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_Dollar" title="Power of the Dollar">Power of the Dollar</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Street_King_Immortal" title="Street King Immortal">Street King Immortal</a></i></li></ul>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_of_50_Cent" title="Best of 50 Cent">Best of 50 Cent</a></i></li></ul>
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<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_Rich_or_Die_Tryin%27_(soundtrack)" title="Get Rich or Die Tryin&#39; (soundtrack)">Get Rich or Die Tryin' OST</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Mixtapes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Back%3F" title="Guess Who&#39;s Back?">Guess Who's Back?</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/50_Cent_Is_the_Future" title="50 Cent Is the Future">50 Cent Is the Future</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Mercy,_No_Fear" title="No Mercy, No Fear">No Mercy, No Fear</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Plan_(album)" title="God&#39;s Plan (album)">God's Plan</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Angel_LP" title="War Angel LP">War Angel LP</a></i></li>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">CZ 75 Tactical Sports</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Competition Semi-automatic pistol</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> CZ 75 Tactical Sports </span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Competition <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol" title="Semi-automatic pistol">Semi-automatic pistol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place&#160;of&#160;origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In&#160;service</th><td class="infobox-data">2005present</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_Zbrojovka_Uhersk%C3%BD_Brod" class="mw-redirect" title="Česká Zbrojovka Uherský Brod">Česká Zbrojovka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">2005present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr>&#160;built</th><td class="infobox-data">30.000<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1.3 kg (2.47&#160;<a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois">lb</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&amp;W">.40 S&amp;W</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">short recoil</a>, tilting barrel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate&#160;of&#160;fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol" title="Semi-automatic pistol">semi-automatic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective&#160;firing&#160;range</th><td class="infobox-data">50 m (for 9mm CZ-75 family and CZ-75 Automatic)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Feed&#160;system</th><td class="infobox-data">detachable box magazines:
<ul><li>9mm: 20</li>
<li>.40 S&amp;W: 17 (20 with extension)</li></ul>
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Sights</th><td class="infobox-data">Front blade, rear square notch</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>CZ 75 Tactical Sports</b> pistol <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> is a Czech single-action firearm specifically designed for practical shooting competitions. It is the successor of the <a href="/wiki/CZ_75" title="CZ 75">CZ 75</a> Standard IPSC model. Though almost identical in external appearance, the TS features some improvements, especially in its trigger mechanism, magazine capacity and durability. It was officially discontinued for production in 2018 by CZ.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CZ_75_Tactical_Sports&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Originally, the CZ 75 IPSC models were manufactured in versions for two IPSC practical shooting divisions: Modified (the 75 M IPSC) and Standard (the 75 ST IPSC). Currently, there are no CZ models available for Modified Division. Recently CZ introduced the CZ 75 TS Czechmate <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> a competition variant based on the Tactical Sports <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a> model; equipped with a compensator and electronic <a href="/wiki/Red_dot_sight" title="Red dot sight">red dot sight</a> on a frame mount; designed especially for IPSC Open Division.
</p><p>The CZ 75 TS comes in two <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">calibers</a>: <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&amp;W">.40 S&amp;W</a> (17 <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a> in the magazine) and <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a> (20 <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a> in the magazine). The <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&amp;W">.40 S&amp;W</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> offers a score advantage by considering a higher or “major” <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> (according to the IPSC rules). However, the 9mm model is appealing to shooters who do not reload their ammo and in countries where the law does not allow the use of major calibers, as well as for those who want to take advantage of the low recoil and very high magazine capacity of the <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a> version.
</p><p>CZ Custom has marketed a magazine extender for the <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&amp;W">.40 S&amp;W</a> version that increases capacity from 17 to 20 cartridges,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> but with this accessory the pistol is no longer legal in IPSC Standard Division, though it is eligible for USPSA Limited Division.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CZ_75_Tactical_Sports&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cz-usa.com/products/view/cz-75-tactical/">&gt; CZ 75 Tactical Sport</a>. CZ-USA. Retrieved on 2011-06-09.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cz-usa.com/products/view/czechmate/">&gt; CZ 75 TS Czechmate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110227211700/http://www.cz-usa.com/products/view/czechmate/#">Archived</a> 2011-02-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. CZ-USA. Retrieved on 2011-06-09.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://czcustom.com/cztacticalsportextendedbasepadsilverspring-1.aspx">CZ TS Extended Base Pad BK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127023212/http://czcustom.com/cztacticalsportextendedbasepadsilverspring-1.aspx#">Archived</a> 2010-11-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Czcustom.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-09.</span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</i></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2012 American film</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Saints_and_Soldiers_-_Airborne_Creed.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Saints and Soldiers - Airborne Creed.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/Saints_and_Soldiers_-_Airborne_Creed.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="317" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="317" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Little" title="Ryan Little">Ryan Little</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">Lamonte Grey<br />Lincoln Hoppe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Adam Abel<br />Ryan Little</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Corbin_Allred" title="Corbin Allred">Corbin Allred</a><br />David Nibley<br />Jasen Wade</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Ryan Little</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data">J Bateman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;">Go Films</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Purdie Distribution</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>August&#160;17,&#160;2012<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2012-08-17</span>)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">97 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</b></i> is a 2012 war drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Little" title="Ryan Little">Ryan Little</a> and produced by Little and Adam Abel. It is based on events that took place during the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">invasion of Southern France</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Corbin_Allred" title="Corbin Allred">Corbin Allred</a>, David Nibley, and Jasen Wade. The film's story has no relation to the events or characters portrayed in the 2003 war film <i><a href="/wiki/Saints_and_Soldiers" title="Saints and Soldiers">Saints and Soldiers</a></i>. The film was shot in Utah, on a tight budget, saving money by using volunteer World War II reenactors as some of the actors and extras. The film received mixed reviews; many critics found the film mediocre yet still praised the performances and cinematography. This film precedes the third film in the series, <i><a href="/wiki/Saints_and_Soldiers:_The_Void" title="Saints and Soldiers: The Void">Saints and Soldiers: The Void</a></i>, which was released in 2014.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Plot"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Plot</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cast"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cast</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Production"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Production</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Release_and_reception"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Release and reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plot">Plot</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In August 1944, the Allies have <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">invaded</a> German-occupied Southern France. <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German Army</a> Second Lieutenant Erich Neumann (Lincoln Hoppe) executes two French men. On the early morning of August 15, paratroopers from the <a href="/wiki/517th_Parachute_Regimental_Combat_Team" title="517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team">517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team</a> land in <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d&#39;Azur">Provence</a>, France under heavy fire from the Germans. Two soldiers, Corporals Harland 'Bud' Curtis (Jasen Wade) and James Rossi (<a href="/wiki/Corbin_Allred" title="Corbin Allred">Corbin Allred</a>) land separately and alone. Curtis is spotted by a German Patrol and quickly surrenders. After throwing a grenade to distract the Germans, Rossi kills the entire patrol and rescues Curtis. The two set off towards their intended landing area before finding an abandoned shelter where they are followed by Curtis's squad leader Sergeant Caleb Jones (David Nibley). MISTAKE: The Sergeant states he is from Bravo company, but there was no Bravo company until after Korea. It was called Baker company. The three travel through the French country as quickly as possible to avoid being pursued. They encounter Neumann and they kill his troops, but put of mercy spare him.
</p><p>The three soldiers continue making their way to Les Arcs and agree to help <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> prisoners escape. They free the resistance prisoners; Philippe, Gustave and Jacques. The group arrives at Les Arcs and Jones spots a German <a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IV</a> and an armored half-track vehicle full of German troops about to leave, intending to attack the rest of the paratroopers. The three attempt to ambush the Germans, but are all badly wounded. After Curtis's death, Rossi regains consciousness and is approached by Neumann, who Jones spared earlier. Rossi gets up to fight but collapses due to his wounds. Neumann, also wounded, does not kill him, showing him the same mercy that Jones' showed him.
</p><p>He takes Rossi to an abandoned farm, where he bandages his wounds and makes him a meal. The following morning an American detachment discovers Rossi, alive, and Neumann, who has died from his wound. In a military field hospital Rossi is informed that sergeant Jones is alive but wounded and Curtis is dead. The dead Neumann remains in the abandoned farm.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cast">Cast</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corbin_Allred" title="Corbin Allred">Corbin Allred</a> as Corporal James Rossi</li>
<li>David Nibley as Sergeant Caleb Jones</li>
<li>Jasen Wade as Corporal Harland "Bud" Curtis</li>
<li>Lincoln Hoppe as Captain Erich Neumann</li>
<li>Nichelle Aiden as Charlotte</li>
<li>Virginie Fourtina Anderson as Emilie</li>
<li>Loïc Anthian as Phillipe</li>
<li>Lance Otto as Jacques</li>
<li>Erich Cannon as Gustave</li>
<li>Curt Doussett as Lt. Woodward</li>
<li>Calvin Harrison as Pvt. Stewart</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Production">Production</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The director of <i><a href="/wiki/Saints_and_Soldiers" title="Saints and Soldiers">Saints and Soldiers</a></i> Ryan Little struggled with his producer Adam Abel to create a sequel to the film, because nearly all of his main characters died in the first film. However, due to the popularity of the first film, they decided to do a sequel.<sup id="cite_ref-means_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> The film was originally titled "Foxhole".<sup id="cite_ref-round_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-round-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> The film was based on the events surrounding the 517th Parachute Infantry Regiment, part of Operation Dragoon, which occurred two months after D-Day.<sup id="cite_ref-neil_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neil-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Specifically it was inspired by the true stories from L. Vaughn Curtis's book called <i>Letters Home: A Paratrooper's Story</i>, based on the experience and letters of Curtis's father Harland "Bud" Curtis.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> They also adapted it from Little's short film <i>The Last Good War</i> for which Little won a student Emmy award. <a href="/wiki/Corbin_Allred" title="Corbin Allred">Corbin Allred</a> was also cast in this film, but as a different character from the original. The film was shot in Utah on a tight budget and used volunteer World War II reenactors as many of the actors and extras.<sup id="cite_ref-means_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Release_and_reception">Release and reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Release and reception">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p><i>Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</i>, was released on August 17, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> The film received mixed reviews. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="The Evening Standard">The Evening Standard</a></i> 's review described the film as "watchable but hardly memorable",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> while <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>'</i>s critic Peter Bradshaw wrote the film was "well-acted" and "competently put together" but with "plenty of cliches", describing it as "a kind of diet or lite version of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a></i>."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i> stated that <i>Airborne Creed</i> is "less believable" than its predecessor. For example, scenes appear "staged" and "quickly thrown together".<sup id="cite_ref-neil_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neil-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> However, they praise the acting.<sup id="cite_ref-neil_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neil-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> <i>KSL</i> news stated that the film falls short of the original but is still, "packed with emotion and solid performances" and "beautiful cinematography."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_films" title="List of World War II films">List of World War II films</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKershaw,_Alex2004" class="citation book cs1">Kershaw, Alex (May 11, 2004). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bedfordboysoneam00kers"><i>The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-day Sacrifice</i></a></span>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81355-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81355-6"><bdi>0-306-81355-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Bedford+Boys%3A+One+American+Town%27s+Ultimate+D-day+Sacrifice&amp;rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&amp;rft.date=2004-05-11&amp;rft.isbn=0-306-81355-6&amp;rft.au=Kershaw%2C+Alex&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbedfordboysoneam00kers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLefebvre,_Laurent2008" class="citation book cs1">Lefebvre, Laurent (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americandday.org/"><i>29th Division ... a division of heroes</i></a>. American d-Day. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9519963-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9519963-9-7"><bdi>978-2-9519963-9-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=29th+Division+...+a+division+of+heroes&amp;rft.pub=American+d-Day&amp;rft.date=2008-09&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-9519963-9-7&amp;rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+Laurent&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandday.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLefebvre,_Laurent2004" class="citation book cs1">Lefebvre, Laurent (June 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americandday.org/"><i>They Were on Omaha Beach</i></a>. American d-Day. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-9519963-5-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-9519963-5-7"><bdi>2-9519963-5-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=They+Were+on+Omaha+Beach&amp;rft.pub=American+d-Day&amp;rft.date=2004-06-01&amp;rft.isbn=2-9519963-5-7&amp;rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+Laurent&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americandday.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-means-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-means_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-means_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMeans2012" class="citation news cs1">Means, Sean P. (August 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=54668273&amp;itype=CMSID">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Saints and Soldiers' sequel explores faith at war"</a>. <i>The Salt Lake Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=%27Saints+and+Soldiers%27+sequel+explores+faith+at+war&amp;rft.date=2012-08-15&amp;rft.aulast=Means&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.sltrib.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D54668273%26itype%3DCMSID&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-round-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-round_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFToone2014" class="citation news cs1">Toone, Trent (August 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865608804/Actors-filmmakers-celebrate-Saints-and-Soldiers-franchise-with-roundtable-discussion.html">"Actors, filmmakers celebrate Saints and Soldiers franchise with roundtable discussion"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. Deseret News Publishing Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&amp;rft.atitle=Actors%2C+filmmakers+celebrate+Saints+and+Soldiers+franchise+with+roundtable+discussion&amp;rft.date=2014-08-14&amp;rft.aulast=Toone&amp;rft.aufirst=Trent&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F865608804%2FActors-filmmakers-celebrate-Saints-and-Soldiers-franchise-with-roundtable-discussion.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-neil-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neil_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neil_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neil_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFO&#39;Neill2012" class="citation news cs1">O'Neill, Shawn (August 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865560806/Saints-and-Soldiers-Airborne-Creed-honors-those-who-served.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed' honors those who served"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. Deseret News Publishing Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&amp;rft.atitle=%27Saints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed%27+honors+those+who+served&amp;rft.date=2012-08-17&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Neill&amp;rft.aufirst=Shawn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F865560806%2FSaints-and-Soldiers-Airborne-Creed-honors-those-who-served.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCurtis" class="citation web cs1">Curtis, L. Vaughn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legion.org/yourwords/books/213216/letters-home-paratroopers-story">"Letters Home: A Paratrooper's Story"</a>. <i>The American Legion</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+American+Legion&amp;rft.atitle=Letters+Home%3A+A+Paratrooper%27s+Story&amp;rft.aulast=Curtis&amp;rft.aufirst=L.+Vaughn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legion.org%2Fyourwords%2Fbooks%2F213216%2Fletters-home-paratroopers-story&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFClyde2012" class="citation news cs1">Clyde, John (August 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksl.com/article/21749251/saints-and-soldiers-airborne-creed-falls-short-of-original-but-still-delivers">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed' falls short of original but still delivers"</a>. <i>KSL</i>. KSL Broadcasting<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=KSL&amp;rft.atitle=%27Saints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed%27+falls+short+of+original+but+still+delivers&amp;rft.date=2012-08-17&amp;rft.aulast=Clyde&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksl.com%2Farticle%2F21749251%2Fsaints-and-soldiers-airborne-creed-falls-short-of-original-but-still-delivers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/film/also-showing-saints-and-soldiers-2-airborne-creed-the-campaign-and-husbands-8189301.html">"Also showing: Saints and Soldiers 2: Airborne Creed, The Campaign and Husbands"</a>. <i>The Evening Standard</i>. September 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Standard&amp;rft.atitle=Also+showing%3A+Saints+and+Soldiers+2%3A+Airborne+Creed%2C+The+Campaign+and+Husbands&amp;rft.date=2012-09-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fgo%2Flondon%2Ffilm%2Falso-showing-saints-and-soldiers-2-airborne-creed-the-campaign-and-husbands-8189301.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Bradshaw2012" class="citation news cs1">Peter Bradshaw (27 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/sep/27/saints-and-soldiers-airborne-creed-review">"Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Saints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed+%E2%80%93+review&amp;rft.date=2012-09-27&amp;rft.au=Peter+Bradshaw&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2012%2Fsep%2F27%2Fsaints-and-soldiers-airborne-creed-review&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksl.com/article/21749251/saints-and-soldiers-airborne-creed-falls-short-of-original-but-still-delivers?print=1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed' falls short of original but still delivers"</a>. <i>KSL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=KSL&amp;rft.atitle=%27Saints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed%27+falls+short+of+original+but+still+delivers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksl.com%2Farticle%2F21749251%2Fsaints-and-soldiers-airborne-creed-falls-short-of-original-but-still-delivers%3Fprint%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaints+and+Soldiers%3A+Airborne+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saints_and_Soldiers:_Airborne_Creed&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2082415/"><i>Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v557401"><i>Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/saints_and_soldiers_airborne_creed"><i>Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saints_and_Soldiers" title="Saints and Soldiers">Saints and Soldiers</a></i> (2003)</li>
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<li><i><a href="/wiki/Saints_and_Soldiers:_The_Void" title="Saints and Soldiers: The Void">Saints and Soldiers: The Void</a></i> (2014)</li>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oswald Junkes</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German weightlifter</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Oswald Junkes</div></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #CCCC99;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-06-13</span>)</span>13 June 1921<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, Germany</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 November 1993<span style="display:none">(1993-11-02)</span> (aged&#160;72)<br /><span class="deathplace">Newel, Germany</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #CCCC99;">Sport</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Oswald Junkes</b> (13 June 1921 &#8211; 2 November 1993) was a German <a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">weightlifter</a>. He competed in the <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_60_kg" title="Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 60 kg">men's featherweight event</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SportsRef_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SportsRef-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Junkes&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-SportsRef-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SportsRef_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvansGjerdeHeijmansMallon" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Mallon" title="Bill Mallon">Mallon, Bill</a>; et&#160;al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417184746/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ju/oswald-junkes-1.html">"Oswald Junkes Olympic Results"</a>. <i>Olympics at Sports-Reference.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Reference" title="Sports Reference">Sports Reference LLC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ju/oswald-junkes-1.html">the original</a> on 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Olympics+at+Sports-Reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Oswald+Junkes+Olympic+Results&amp;rft.aulast=Evans&amp;rft.aufirst=Hilary&amp;rft.au=Gjerde%2C+Arild&amp;rft.au=Heijmans%2C+Jeroen&amp;rft.au=Mallon%2C+Bill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fathletes%2Fju%2Foswald-junkes-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOswald+Junkes" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Succinea sanctaehelenae</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of gastropod</div>
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<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%">
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Succinea sanctaehelenae</i>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Succinea sanctaehelenae 28438131.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg/220px-Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg/330px-Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg/440px-Succinea_sanctaehelenae_28438131.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="995" /></a>
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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>
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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Status_iucn2.3_NT.svg/220px-Status_iucn2.3_NT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Status_iucn2.3_NT.svg/330px-Status_iucn2.3_NT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Status_iucn2.3_NT.svg/440px-Status_iucn2.3_NT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /><br /><a href="/wiki/Near_Threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Threatened">Near Threatened</a><small>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 2.3</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></small></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>
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<td>Kingdom:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></div>
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<td>Phylum:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a></div>
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<td>Class:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="class"><a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">Gastropoda</a></div>
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<td>(unranked):
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="(unranked)">clade <a href="/wiki/Heterobranchia" title="Heterobranchia">Heterobranchia</a><br />
<p>clade <a href="/wiki/Euthyneura" title="Euthyneura">Euthyneura</a><br />clade <a href="/wiki/Panpulmonata" title="Panpulmonata">Panpulmonata</a><br />
clade <a href="/wiki/Eupulmonata" title="Eupulmonata">Eupulmonata</a><br />
clade <a href="/wiki/Stylommatophora" title="Stylommatophora">Stylommatophora</a><br />
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clade <a href="/wiki/Elasmognatha" title="Elasmognatha">Elasmognatha</a></div>
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<td>Superfamily:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="superfamily"><a href="/wiki/Succineoidea" title="Succineoidea">Succineoidea</a></div>
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<tr>
<td>Family:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Succineidae" title="Succineidae">Succineidae</a></div>
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<td>Subfamily:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="subfamily"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Succineinae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Succineinae (page does not exist)">Succineinae</a></div>
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<td>Genus:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><a href="/wiki/Succinea" title="Succinea">Succinea</a></i></div>
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<td>Species:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>S.&#160;sanctaehelenae</b></i></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Succinea sanctaehelenae</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rene_Primevere_Lesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Rene Primevere Lesson">Lesson</a>, 1830</div>
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<p><i><b>Succinea sanctaehelenae</b></i> is a species of <a href="/wiki/Land_snail" title="Land snail">land snail</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Succineidae" title="Succineidae">Succineidae</a>, the amber snails. It is known commonly as the <b>blushing snail</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic Ocean">South Atlantic Ocean</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Succinea_sanctaehelenae&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMollusc_Specialist_Group1996" class="citation journal cs1">Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21132/9249529">"<i>Succinea sanctaehelenae</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>1996</b>: e.T21132A9249529. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21132A9249529.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21132A9249529.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Succinea+sanctaehelenae&amp;rft.volume=1996&amp;rft.pages=e.T21132A9249529&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21132A9249529.en&amp;rft.au=Mollusc+Specialist+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F21132%2F9249529&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuccinea+sanctaehelenae" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pryce, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sainthelenaaccess.com/application/documents/Dry-Gut-Addendum/4-Dry-Gut-extension-survey-report-June-2013-Final.pdf">Dry Gut (southern ridge) Invertebrate Survey.</a> May, 2013.</span>
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<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.arkive.org/wd/succinea-sanctaehelenae/">succinea-sanctaehelenae</a></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/113428">113428</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/21132">21132</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bitterroot College</h1>
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<p><b>Bitterroot College University of Montana</b> is a public <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community college</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Montana" title="Hamilton, Montana">Hamilton, Montana</a>, United States. Founded in 2009, the school is one of seven two-year institutions in the state that operate within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montana_System" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Montana System">University of Montana System</a>. The school offers an <a href="/wiki/Associate_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of Arts">Associate of Arts</a> degree and various certificate programs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umt.edu/bitterroot-college/default.php">"Bitterroot College"</a>. <i>www.umt.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.umt.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Bitterroot+College&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umt.edu%2Fbitterroot-college%2Fdefault.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitterroot+College" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bitterroot_College&amp;params=46.24612_N_114.16812_W_type:edu_globe:earth_region:US-MT"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°1446″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°1005″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.24612°N 114.16812°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.24612; -114.16812</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Arsenio López</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Puerto Rican swimmer</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Alex Lopez, see <a href="/wiki/Alex_Lopez_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Alex Lopez (disambiguation)">Alex Lopez (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Arsenio López</div></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #abdfee;;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full&#160;name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Arsenio Alexander López<br />Rosario</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Nickname(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"Alex"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National&#160;team</th><td class="infobox-data category"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1979-05-03</span>) </span>May 3, 1979<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;43)</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Humacao,_Puerto_Rico" title="Humacao, Puerto Rico">Humacao, Puerto Rico</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">1.91&#160;m (6&#160;ft 3&#160;in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">84&#160;kg (185&#160;lb)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #abdfee;;">Sport</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none; speak: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Strokes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Breaststroke_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaststroke swimming">Breaststroke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medley_swimming" title="Medley swimming">medley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Club</th><td class="infobox-data org">Bolles School Swim Club</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">College team</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_swimming_and_diving" title="Florida Gators swimming and diving">University of Florida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Troy" title="Gregg Troy">Gregg Troy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
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<p><b>Arsenio Alexander López Rosario</b> (born May 3, 1979), also known as <b>Alex Lopez</b>, is a Puerto Rican former swimmer and three-time Olympian who specialized in breaststroke and individual medley events.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Lopez was born in <a href="/wiki/Humacao,_Puerto_Rico" title="Humacao, Puerto Rico">Humacao, Puerto Rico</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/Bolles_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolles School">Bolles School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>, where he was a member of the Bolles School Swimming Club. Lopez accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> in Gainesville, Florida, where he competed for the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Gators_swimming_and_diving" title="Florida Gators swimming and diving">Florida Gators swimming and diving</a> team under coach <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Troy" title="Gregg Troy">Gregg Troy</a>. He majored in civil engineering at the university.
</p><p>Lopez made his Olympic debut, as a 17-year-old teen, at the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a> in Atlanta. He failed to reach the top 16 final in any of his individual events, finishing twenty-seventh in the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_200_metre_individual_medley" title="Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 200 metre individual medley">200-meter individual medley</a> (2:06.99) and twenty-fifth in the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metre_individual_medley" title="Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 400 metre individual medley">400-meter individual medley</a> (4:34.81).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> He also placed seventeenth, as a member of the Puerto Rican team (including finalist <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Busquets" title="Ricardo Busquets">Ricardo Busquets</a>), in the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_freestyle_relay" title="Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay">4×100-meter freestyle relay</a> (3:28.27).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Lopez decided to drop two of his events from Atlanta and experiment with the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_breaststroke" title="Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 100 metre breaststroke">100-meter breaststroke</a>. He finished in a first-place tie with Latvia's <a href="/wiki/Val%C4%93rijs_Kalmikovs" title="Valērijs Kalmikovs">Valērijs Kalmikovs</a> on the fourth heat with a time of 1:04.02.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_200_metre_individual_medley" title="Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 200 metre individual medley">200-meter individual medley</a>, he raced to a fourth seed in heat three by 0.07 seconds behind South Korea's <a href="/wiki/Han_Kyu-Chul" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Kyu-Chul">Han Kyu-Chul</a> in 2:06.49.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> Lopez did not qualify for the semifinals, finishing thirty-fourth each in all of his events from the heats.
</p><p>Lopez shortened his program at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> in Athens, when he swam only for the <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_breaststroke" title="Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics Men&#39;s 100 metre breaststroke">100-meter breaststroke</a>. He cleared a FINA B-standard entry time of 1:04.01 from the <a href="/wiki/2003_Pan_American_Games" title="2003 Pan American Games">2003 Pan American Games</a> in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> He challenged seven other swimmers in the same heat as Sydney, including four-time Olympian <a href="/wiki/Ratapong_Sirisanont" title="Ratapong Sirisanont">Ratapong Sirisanont</a> (Thailand), who was later disqualified for a false start. Lopez posted a time of 1:03.99 to take a second seed by a 1.02-second margin behind winner <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Johann_Sveinsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakob Johann Sveinsson">Jakob Johann Sveinsson</a> of Iceland. Lopez ended his third Olympic stint by sharing a thirty-fifth place tie with New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Ben_Labowitch" title="Ben Labowitch">Ben Labowitch</a> on the morning prelims.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenio_L%C3%B3pez&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvansGjerdeHeijmansMallon" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Mallon" title="Bill Mallon">Mallon, Bill</a>; et&#160;al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418061127/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lo/arsenio-lopez-1.html">"Arsenio López"</a>. <i>Olympics at Sports-Reference.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Reference" title="Sports Reference">Sports Reference LLC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lo/arsenio-lopez-1.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Olympics+at+Sports-Reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Arsenio+L%C3%B3pez&amp;rft.aulast=Evans&amp;rft.aufirst=Hilary&amp;rft.au=Gjerde%2C+Arild&amp;rft.au=Heijmans%2C+Jeroen&amp;rft.au=Mallon%2C+Bill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fathletes%2Flo%2Farsenio-lopez-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523164915/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v3p1.pdf">"Atlanta 1996: Aquatics (Swimming) Men's 200m Individual Medley Heat 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta 1996">Atlanta 1996</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v3p1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 23 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Atlanta+1996&amp;rft.atitle=Atlanta+1996%3A+Aquatics+%28Swimming%29+%E2%80%93+Men%27s+200m+Individual+Medley+Heat+2&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fla84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1996%2F1996v3p1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523164915/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v3p1.pdf">"Atlanta 1996: Aquatics (Swimming) Men's 400m Individual Medley Heat 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta 1996">Atlanta 1996</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;50. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v3p1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 23 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Atlanta+1996&amp;rft.atitle=Atlanta+1996%3A+Aquatics+%28Swimming%29+%E2%80%93+Men%27s+400m+Individual+Medley+Heat+1&amp;rft.pages=50&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fla84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1996%2F1996v3p1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523164915/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v3p1.pdf">"Atlanta 1996: Aquatics (Swimming) Men's 4×100m Freestyle Relay Heat 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta 1996">Atlanta 1996</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;51. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1996/1996v3p1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 23 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Atlanta+1996&amp;rft.atitle=Atlanta+1996%3A+Aquatics+%28Swimming%29+%E2%80%93+Men%27s+4%C3%97100m+Freestyle+Relay+Heat+3&amp;rft.pages=51&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fla84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1996%2F1996v3p1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819181023/http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Masters/sw/SWresults.pdf">"Sydney 2000: Swimming Men's 100m Breaststroke Heat 4"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney 2000">Sydney 2000</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;240. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Masters/sw/SWresults.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 19 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sydney+2000&amp;rft.atitle=Sydney+2000%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Men%27s+100m+Breaststroke+Heat+4&amp;rft.pages=240&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F2000%2FMasters%2Fsw%2FSWresults.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819181023/http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Masters/sw/SWresults.pdf">"Sydney 2000: Swimming Men's 200m Individual Medley Heat 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney 2000">Sydney 2000</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/LA84_Foundation" title="LA84 Foundation">LA84 Foundation</a>. p.&#160;308. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Masters/sw/SWresults.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 19 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sydney+2000&amp;rft.atitle=Sydney+2000%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Men%27s+200m+Individual+Medley+Heat+3&amp;rft.pages=308&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F2000%2FMasters%2Fsw%2FSWresults.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=000104060004000000FFFFFFFFFFFF00">"Swimming Men's 100m Breaststroke Startlist (Heat 4)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Athens_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens 2004">Athens 2004</a></i>. Omega Timing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Athens+2004&amp;rft.atitle=Swimming+%E2%80%93+Men%27s+100m+Breaststroke+Startlist+%28Heat+4%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omegatiming.com%2FFile%2FDownload%3Fid%3D000104060004000000FFFFFFFFFFFF00&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/swimming/results/3535088.stm">"Men's 100m Breaststroke Heat 4"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Athens_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens 2004">Athens 2004</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a>. 14 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Athens+2004&amp;rft.atitle=Men%27s+100m+Breaststroke+Heat+4&amp;rft.date=2004-08-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Folympics_2004%2Fswimming%2Fresults%2F3535088.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFWhitten2004" class="citation news cs1">Whitten, Phillip (14 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203065847/http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/7788.asp">"Prelims, Men's 100 Breaststroke: Kitajima, Hansen Qualify One-Two; Japanese Sets Olympic Record"</a>. Swimming World Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/7788.asp">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Prelims%2C+Men%27s+100+Breaststroke%3A+Kitajima%2C+Hansen+Qualify+One-Two%3B+Japanese+Sets+Olympic+Record&amp;rft.date=2004-08-14&amp;rft.aulast=Whitten&amp;rft.aufirst=Phillip&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swimmingworldmagazine.com%2Flane9%2Fnews%2F7788.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArsenio+L%C3%B3pez" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenio_L%C3%B3pez&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130629081905/http://www.gatorzone.com/swimmingdiving/men/bios.php?bio=lopez.html">Player Bio Florida Gators</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104235030/http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=64505/bio/index.html">NBC Olympics Profile</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1996_Puerto_Rico_Olympic_swimming_team" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Footer_Puerto_Rico_Swimming_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Footer Puerto Rico Swimming 1996 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Footer_Puerto_Rico_Swimming_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:Footer Puerto Rico Swimming 1996 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Footer_Puerto_Rico_Swimming_1996_Summer_Olympics&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1996_Puerto_Rico_Olympic_swimming_team" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Puerto Rico Olympic swimming team</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Men's Competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bodega" title="Carlos Bodega">Carlos Bodega</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Busquets" title="Ricardo Busquets">Ricardo Busquets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(swimmer)" title="Eduardo González (swimmer)">Eduardo González</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(Puerto_Rican_swimmer)" title="José González (Puerto Rican swimmer)">José González</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arsenio López</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Torres" title="Todd Torres">Todd Torres</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_%C3%81lvarez" title="Sonia Álvarez">Sonia Álvarez</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Busquets" title="Ricardo Busquets">Ricardo Busquets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Livingston" title="Andrew Livingston">Andrew Livingston</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arsenio López</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Busquets" title="Ricardo Busquets">Ricardo Busquets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Livingston" title="Andrew Livingston">Andrew Livingston</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arsenio López</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Oliver" title="Jorge Oliver">Jorge Oliver</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Vanessa García">Vanessa García</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Gotay" title="Gretchen Gotay">Gretchen Gotay</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Harpalus pallidipennis</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of beetle</div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Harpalus pallidipennis</i>
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<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Harpalus" title="edit"><img alt="edit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Red_Pencil_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span>
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<td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a>
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<td>Class:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a>
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<td>Order:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">Coleoptera</a>
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<td><a href="/wiki/Ground_beetle" title="Ground beetle">Carabidae</a>
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<td>Subfamily:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Harpalinae" title="Harpalinae">Harpalinae</a>
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<td>Tribe:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Harpalini" title="Harpalini">Harpalini</a>
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<td>Genus:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Harpalus_(beetle)" title="Harpalus (beetle)"><i>Harpalus</i></a>
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<td>Species:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>H.&#160;pallidipennis</b></i></div>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Harpalus pallidipennis</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">A. Morawitz, 1862</div>
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<p><i><b>Harpalus pallidipennis</b></i> is a species of <a href="/wiki/Ground_beetle" title="Ground beetle">ground beetle</a> in the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Harpalinae" title="Harpalinae">Harpalinae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carabidae_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carabidae-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> It was described by A. Morawitz in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-carabidae_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carabidae-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harpalus_pallidipennis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-carabidae-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carabidae_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carabidae_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carabidae.org/carabidae/harpalus-latreille-1802.html">"<i>Harpalus</i> Latreille, 1802: 92"</a>. <i>Carabidae of the World</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Carabidae+of+the+World&amp;rft.atitle=Harpalus+Latreille%2C+1802%3A+92&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarabidae.org%2Fcarabidae%2Fharpalus-latreille-1802.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarpalus+pallidipennis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13656377" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q13656377">Q13656377</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Harpalus_pallidipennis" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Harpalus pallidipennis">Harpalus pallidipennis</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7486458">7486458</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of cities and towns in Sokoto State</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p><p>This is a list of populated places in <a href="/wiki/Sokoto" title="Sokoto">Sokoto</a> State, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. It is not complete but includes the most populated cities, towns and villages.
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwadabawa" title="Gwadabawa">Gwadabawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salame" class="mw-redirect" title="Salame">Salame</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigane (page does not exist)">Gigane</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asara" title="Asara">Asara</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimmola&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimmola (page does not exist)">Chimmola</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamman_Suka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamman Suka (page does not exist)">Mamman Suka</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gidan_Kaya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gidan Kaya (page does not exist)">Gidan Kaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambagarka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambagarka (page does not exist)">Tambagarka</a></li>
<li>[[*G-Tudu (Gidan Tudu)</li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbukwe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbukwe (page does not exist)">Arbukwe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Makwa,_Nigeria" title="Makwa, Nigeria">Makwa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwazange&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwazange (page does not exist)">Gwazange</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satuka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Satuka (page does not exist)">Satuka</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boto,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boto, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Boto</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiso,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiso, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Kiso</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolfa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolfa (page does not exist)">Kolfa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiwo-Allah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiwo-Allah (page does not exist)">Kiwo-Allah</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kafin-Chana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kafin-Chana (page does not exist)">Kafin-Chana</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kafin-Sarki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kafin-Sarki (page does not exist)">Kafin-Sarki</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udan-Marki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Udan-Marki (page does not exist)">Udan-Marki</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filask&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filask (page does not exist)">Filask</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamgi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamgi (page does not exist)">Bamgi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Balle,_Nigeria" title="Balle, Nigeria">Balle</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurdan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurdan (page does not exist)">Gurdan</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafin-Kudu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafin-Kudu (page does not exist)">Rafin-Kudu</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manu,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manu, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Manu</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katami,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Katami, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Katami</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gande,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gande, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Gande</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maikulki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maikulki (page does not exist)">Maikulki</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Binji" title="Binji">Binji</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almaji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almaji (page does not exist)">Almaji</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutti,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutti, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Sutti</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayama (page does not exist)">Ayama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Illela,_Nigeria" title="Illela, Nigeria">Illela</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumji (page does not exist)">Rumji</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Bako&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="T. Bako (page does not exist)">T. Bako</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wamako" title="Wamako">Wamako</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dingyadi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dingyadi (page does not exist)">Dingyadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodinga_Chilgari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodinga Chilgari (page does not exist)">Bodinga Chilgari</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunni (page does not exist)">Shunni</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waura,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waura, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Waura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gada,_Nigeria" title="Gada, Nigeria">Gada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kurawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurawa">Kurawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sabon_Birni" title="Sabon Birni">Sabon Birni</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Souloulou&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Souloulou (page does not exist)">Souloulou</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yerimawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yerimawa (page does not exist)">Yerimawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makamawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makamawa (page does not exist)">Makamawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gauro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gauro (page does not exist)">Gauro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Goronyo" title="Goronyo">Goronyo</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinaka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinaka (page does not exist)">Shinaka</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigawa (page does not exist)">Gigawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wurno" title="Wurno">Wurno</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marona&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marona (page does not exist)">Marona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rabah" title="Rabah">Rabah</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maikujera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maikujera (page does not exist)">Maikujera</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandi,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandi, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Gandi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tsamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsamia">Tsamia</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bageya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bageya (page does not exist)">Bageya</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelarel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelarel (page does not exist)">Kelarel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainyinan_Daji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sainyinan Daji (page does not exist)">Sainyinan Daji</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunkundo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunkundo (page does not exist)">Kunkundo</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yabawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yabawa (page does not exist)">Yabawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lofa,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lofa, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Lofa</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bwoka-Noma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bwoka-Noma (page does not exist)">Bwoka-Noma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shagari,_Nigeria" title="Shagari, Nigeria">Shagari</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabo,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabo, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Jabo</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chakai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chakai (page does not exist)">Chakai</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogon-Daji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogon-Daji (page does not exist)">Dogon-Daji</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masana,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masana, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Masana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tambawel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tambawel">Tambawel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maikada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maikada (page does not exist)">Maikada</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masu,_Nigeria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masu, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Masu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kebbe" title="Kebbe">Kebbe</a></li>
<li>Kajiji</li>
<li>Birjingo</li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Yin Qing</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese composer</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> Yin</i>.</div>
<p><b>Yin, Qing</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh-Hans">印青</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>&#58; <i><span lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">Yìn Qīng</span></i>) is a Chinese composer. His folk-music based opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ballad of Canal">The Ballad of Canal</a></i> (2012) was the first modern opera based on folk music themes produced by the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts_(China)" title="National Centre for the Performing Arts (China)">NCPA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yin_Qing&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaculture.org/exchange/2012-06/18/content_435668.htm">"NCPA Original Opera - The Ballad of Canal Will Debut"</a>. Chinaculture.org. 2012-06-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NCPA+Original+Opera+-+The+Ballad+of+Canal+Will+Debut&amp;rft.pub=Chinaculture.org&amp;rft.date=2012-06-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaculture.org%2Fexchange%2F2012-06%2F18%2Fcontent_435668.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYin+Qing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Danish Aviation Systems</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Danish Aviation Systems ApS.</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height: 1.35em;">Private</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">Aviation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;">Steven Friberg (CEO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Products</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned aerial vehicles">unmanned aerial vehicless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danishaviationsystems.dk">Danish Aviation Systems official website</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Danish Aviation Systems</b> is a Danish supplier and developer of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned aerial vehicles">unmanned aerial vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Aviation_Systems&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKenan_Seeberg2010" class="citation web cs1">Kenan Seeberg (12 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.dk/danmark/dr-vil-have-fjernstyrede-droner">"DR vil have fjernstyrede droner - Danmark"</a>. BT.dk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DR+vil+have+fjernstyrede+droner+-+Danmark&amp;rft.pub=BT.dk&amp;rft.date=2010-04-12&amp;rft.au=Kenan+Seeberg&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.dk%2Fdanmark%2Fdr-vil-have-fjernstyrede-droner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanish+Aviation+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Djursing2010" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Djursing (12 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ing.dk/artikel/107801-billig-minidrone-aabner-for-et-vaeld-af-civile-anvendelser">"Billig minidrone åbner for et væld af civile anvendelser &#124; Ingeniøren"</a>. Ing.dk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Billig+minidrone+%C3%A5bner+for+et+v%C3%A6ld+af+civile+anvendelser+%26%23124%3B+Ingeni%C3%B8ren&amp;rft.pub=Ing.dk&amp;rft.date=2010-04-12&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Djursing&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fing.dk%2Fartikel%2F107801-billig-minidrone-aabner-for-et-vaeld-af-civile-anvendelser&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADanish+Aviation+Systems" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Aviation_Systems&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danishaviationsystems.dk">Danish Aviation Systems official website</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The White Bird and His Wife</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">East Asian folktale.</div>
<p><b>The White Bird and His Wife</b> is an <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> folktale published as part of the compilation of <i>The Bewitched Corpse</i>. Scholars related it to the cycle of the <a href="/wiki/Animal_as_Bridegroom" title="Animal as Bridegroom">animal bridegroom</a>: a human woman that marries a supernatural husband in animal form and, after losing him, has to seek him out.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origin"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Origin</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Summary"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Summary</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Variants"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Variants</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Mongolia"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mongolia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Kalmyk_people"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Kalmyk people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Tibet"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tibet</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Buryat_people"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Buryat people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Romani_people"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Romani people</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Analysis"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Analysis</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Tale_type"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tale type</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Related_tales"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Related tales</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Origin">Origin</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Origin">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <i>Tales of the Bewitched Corpse</i> is a compilation of Indo-Tibetan stories that was later brought to <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and translated to <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> The collection is known in India as <i><a href="/wiki/Baital_Pachisi" title="Baital Pachisi">Vetala Pañcaviṃśati</a></i>, in Tibet as <i>Ro-sgrung</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> in Mongolia as <i>Siditü kegür</i>, and in <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a> as <i>Siddhi kǖr</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg/220px-Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg/330px-Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg/440px-Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1070" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet_059_The_White_Bird%27s_Wife.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The girl finds the cage with her husband's bird-soul locked inside. Illustration by Maurice Day for <i>Wonder Tales from Tibet</i> (1922).</div></div></div>
<p>The following summary is based on <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Harriette_Busk" title="Rachel Harriette Busk">Rachel Harriette Busk</a>'s<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_J%C3%BClg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard Jülg (page does not exist)">Bernhard Jülg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_J%C3%BClg" class="extiw" title="de:Bernhard Jülg">de</a>&#93;</span>'s translations of the story.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In a distant kingdom called Fair-flower-garden, a man lives with his three daughters grazing their goat herds. One day, the goats vanish, and the elder daughter goes to look for them. She finds a large red door and goes through, then a gate of mother-of-pearl and another of emerald. A white bird<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;a&#93;</a></sup> appears to her and tells her that he can show where her herds are, as long as she consents to marry him. The elder daughter refuses.
</p><p>The next day, the middle daughter goes to look for the goats, and the same bird appears with the same proposal. She also refuses. The following day, the youngest daughter goes to look for her goats, and bird appears to her. The youngest believes its words and agrees to marry him.
</p><p>Some time after, a large gathering is happening near a local temple, and will last 13 days. The white bird's wife joins the people as the loveliest woman in the gathering. A mysterious rider on a dappled gray horse also joins the people. The white bird's wife goes back to the bird's palace and tells her husband about the rider at the gathering.
</p><p>This goes on for the next days. On the 12th day of the gathering, the white bird's wife pours out her heart to an old woman about the mysterious rider. The old woman advises the girl to pretend to go to the gathering, wait for her husband to take off the birdskin, assume human form and ride to the festival on his dappled gray horse.
</p><p>On the 13th day, the girl waits until her husband becomes human and leaveson his horse, then burns the perch, the birdcage and the featherskin. Later, after her husband returns, the girl tells him that she burned his featherskin and the cage, to keep him in human form permanently. Her husband despair at her action, because his soul was inside the cage, and now "gods and dæmons" will come for him. The only solution is for her to stand the gate of mother-of-pearl and hew a stick for seven days and seven nights, without interruption.
</p><p>The girl gets some motes of feather-grass to apply to her eyelids. She resists for seven days, but, on the seventh night, the motes of grass come off her eyes and she fails the task, thus allowing her husband to be taken. She then goes looking for him anywhete between the heavens and the earth.
</p><p>One day, she hears his voice coming from up in the mountains. She follows it until she reaches a stream, where she finds her husband, carrying pairs of boots on his back. He explains that the gods and demons made him their water-carrier, and the worn-out boots indicate that he has been like this for some time. The girl asks what she can do to rescue him, and her husband tells her to build a new birdcage and to woo his soul back into it.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Variants">Variants</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In the translated version by Charles John Tibbitts with the title <i>The Bird-Man</i>, a father lives with his three daughters, who herds their calves; the sisters pass through a golden door, a silver door and a brazen door and find the bird; the youngest sister marries the bird. During the 13 days' feast around the large pagoda in the neighbourhood, the bird, in human form, rides a white horse, and his wife burns his birdhouse, which was the husband's soul. When the wife finally finds him again after he disappears, he explains that he is forced to draw water for the Tschadkurrs and the Tângâri. The wife saves him by building a new birdhouse.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mongolia">Mongolia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Mongolia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>According to Hungarian orientalist <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_L._L%C5%91rincz" title="László L. Lőrincz">László L. Lőrincz</a>, all Mongolian versions of <i>The Bewitched Corpse</i> contain 13 tales. The seventh tale of the compilation is titled <i>Sibaɣun ger-tü</i> ("The Man in the Form of a Bird").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> In a 1959 publication of Mongolian fairy tales, a variant was published as its eighth tale, whose translated title is <i>Histoire de la femme dont le mari était un coq</i> ("The story of the girl whose husband is a rooster").<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Russian Mongolist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Ya._Vladimirtsov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Ya. Vladimirtsov (page does not exist)">Boris Ya. Vladimirtsov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Владимирцов, Борис Яковлевич">ru</a>&#93;</span> translated and published in 1958 a Mongol-Oirat version of <i>The Bewitched Corpse</i>, whose seventh tale is titled "Имеющий птичью оболочку" ("Having a Bird Skin"): the man and his three daughters live in a place called Jirgalangiin-ӧy. Later in the tale, the youngest daughter marries the bird and burns his birdskin to keep him human forever, but he explains to her that his life was in the birdskin.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Kalmyk_people">Kalmyk people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Kalmyk people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Baira Goryaeva, expert on <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmyk people">Kalmyk</a> folklore, grouped tales about lost spouses (husbands and wives) under the same type of the Kalmyk tale corpus: type 400/1, "Муж ищет исчезнувшую или похищенную жену (жена ищет мужа)" ("Man searching for lost wife/Wife searching for lost husband"). She noted that the Mongol-Oirat tale "Имеющий птичью оболочку" fit the tale type she abstracted.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fillingham_Coxwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Fillingham Coxwell (page does not exist)">Charles Fillingham Coxwell</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fillingham_Coxwell" class="extiw" title="de:Charles Fillingham Coxwell">de</a>&#93;</span> translated a Kalmyk variant with the title <i>The Story of the Bird-Cage Husband</i>: an old man lives with his three daughters in the "Land of the Lustrous Flower Gardens", and they spend their days grazing their buffalo. One day, their animal disappears. The elder sisters goes looking for it and reaches a large red portal that leads to a court. She passes by the red portal, then by a gate of mother-of-pearl and finally by a gate of emerald, and finds herself in a grand palace with a little bird sitting on a table. The little bird tells her it can reveal the fate of the buffalo, in exchange for her marrying him. She refuses. The middle sister passes by the same three portals and declines the same offer. The youngest sister agrees to become the bird's wife, and it returns the buffalo to her family. Some time later, an assembly of people gathers as part of a 13 days' visit to a divine image in a monastery. The girl goes to the assembly and sees a fine youth on a blue-gray horse. The girl returns home and tells her little bird husband about the youth. This goes on for 11 days. On the 12th day of the assembly, an old woman tells the girl the youth on the horse is her husband, and that she should toss her husband's bird-cage into the fire. The girl follows the old woman's instructions. Later that night, the husband returns and she tells him about the bird-cage. The husband despairs at the fact and gives his wife a stick, for her to beat herself with it near the gate of mother-of-pearl for seven days and nights until his battle with the demons ceases. The girl obeys and resists for 6 days and nights, until, on the 7th day, she tires and her husband is taken by the demons. The girl searches for her husband, until she hears his voice in a mountain and in the depths of a river. Finding her husband near a pile of stones, he tells her he has become a water-carrier for "gods and demons" and that she can save him by building another bird-cage, then vanishes. Heeding his words, the girl returns to their home, fashions a new bird-cage and "invites her husband's soul" to enter it.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Austrian journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Gelber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Gelber (page does not exist)">Adolf Gelber</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Gelber" class="extiw" title="de:Adolf Gelber">de</a>&#93;</span> translated the tale as <i>Das Geheimnis des weißen Vogels</i> ("The Secret of the White Bird"). In his translation, the third sister goes through the red gate, the gates of gold, mother-of-pearl and emerald and finds the bird; the girl agrees to be the bird's wife and returns the buffalo to her father. After the girl burns her husband's featherskin, her husband, in human form, tells her that the old woman was a messenger from the gods and devils. After the husband disappears, the old woman comes and advises the girl to keep looking for her husband. At the end of the tale, the girl is risen to the sky and meets her husband there.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>German theologue <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Andreas_Christian_L%C3%B6hr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Andreas Christian Löhr (page does not exist)">Johann Andreas Christian Löhr</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Christian_L%C3%B6hr" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Andreas Christian Löhr">de</a>&#93;</span> translated the Kalmyk tale as <i>Die weiße Eule</i> ("The White Owl"), wherein the bird the maiden marries is explicitly identified as a white owl.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tibet">Tibet</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Tibet">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan studies">Tibetologist</a> <a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke_(Tibetologist)" title="August Hermann Francke (Tibetologist)">August Hermann Francke</a>, in a 1923 article, reported the existence of Tibetan manuscript from the <i>Bar-bog</i> family from <a href="/wiki/Lahul" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahul">Lahul</a>. The manuscript, titled <i>Ňos-grub-can-gyi-sgruns</i>, contained 13 tales, the seventh named <i>Bya-shubs-rgyal-po</i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>der König in Vogelgestalt</i>; English: "The King in Bird-form").<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>According to Lörincz, M. K. Kolmaš provided the <a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Eötvös Loránd University</a> with a microfilm of a xylography from <a href="/wiki/East_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tibet">East Tibet</a>. The xylographic version contained 16 tales, the ninth tale titled <i>Rgyal-bu bya-šubs-čan-kyi leu'ste</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Histoire du prince au corps d'oiseau</i>; "Story of the Prince with the body of a bird").<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> Lörincz also distinguishes between literary and folkloric (oral) versions of the tale: in the Tibetan redaction, the bird is identified as a rooster; in the literary versions, the three girls search for the lost cattle, whereas in oral versions the cattle just disappears.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In a variant translated as "Царевич в птичьей оболочке" ("The Prince in Bird Skin") or <i>The Feathered Prince</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> three orphaned sisters live together and earn their living by milking their female buffalo and selling its milk and butter. One day, the animal disappears, and the elder sister goes looking for it. After a while, she sits by a rock near a cave. A little bird appears to her and begs for some food, and asks her to marry it. The elder sister refuses and returns home. The next day, the middle sister goes to look for the animal and rests by the same stone, and the same white bird propositions her, but she declines. Lastly, the youngest sister agrees to marry the white bird, and he directs her into the cave. Inside, magnificent and richly decorated rooms appear before her with every door she opens. At last, the little bird perches upon a couch and tells her that their buffalo was devoured by an evil raksha. The girl begins to live there as the white bird's wife, tidying the place and preparing the food. Some time later, a festival is held in a nearby village, with musicians, equestrian games, and all sorts of amusement. The white bird's wife goes to the festival, and sees a handsome youth on a gray horse, who gazes at her. The girl leaves the festival and meets an old woman. The girl pours out her woes to her, lamenting over the fact that her husband is just a little bird, but the old woman reassures her that the youth at the festival <i>was</i> her husband, and that she only has to burn his bird disguise the next time. The girl follows the old woman's instructions the next day, and burns the bird skin. The same night, her husband (in human form) comes home and asks her about the bird skin. The girl tells him she burned the birdskin, and the man reveals he is a prince, and that the birdskin was to protect him from an evil witch. Saying this, a whirlwind comes and takes the prince. The girl tries to find him and wanders through valleys and deserts, until she finds him one day near a temple, carrying jugs of water and wearing faded boots. The prince tells her to get feathers from all species of bird for a new bird coat, and, once she has fashioned it, she must chant a special prayer for him to return to her. Saying his, he disappears. The girl returns to their cave palace and gathers all feathers she can must, fashions a new bird skin and chants the correct chant to summon her husband back to her. He appears and both live happily.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In a variant published by <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan studies">Tibetologist</a> <a href="/wiki/David_MacDonald_(trade_agent)" title="David MacDonald (trade agent)">David MacDonald</a> with the title <i>The Story of the Bird who turned into a Prince</i>, in the land of Mo-tshul, a old farmer lives with his three daughters; the three sisters pass by a red door, a gold door and a turquoise door and meet the bird on a throne; the youngest sister marries the bird and burns his feathered cloak; she does penance to try to save her husband by standing at a door and turning a "devil-stick" or "devil-rod"; after her husband vanishes, she finds him in the summit of a hill, and he explains he must wear out a pair of boots by traveling at the behest of the devils. She saves her husband by fashioning a new feathered cloak and by saying fervent prayers, until he appears at their door.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Author <a href="/wiki/Eleanore_Myers_Jewett" title="Eleanore Myers Jewett">Eleanore Myers Jewett</a> translated the tale as <i>The White Bird's Wife</i> and sourced it from Tibet. In her translation, the youngest daughter is named Ananda.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Buryat_people">Buryat people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Buryat people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Researcher Nadežda Šarakšinova reported a <a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat language</a> translation of <i>The Bewitched Corpse</i> with 22 tales. In this version, the tale is numbered 5 and its title is translated as <i>The Woman who Had a Bird Husband</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Romani_people">Romani people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Romani people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Transylvania linguist <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Wlislocki" title="Heinrich von Wlislocki">Heinrich von Wlislocki</a> collected a Romani tale from Siebenbürgen (<a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>), which he considered to be related to the tale from the <i>Siddi-Kur</i>. In the Romani tale, titled <i>O coro rom te pinsteri</i> or <i>Der arme Zigeuner und die Taube</i> ("The Poor Gypsy Man and the Dove"), a father lives with his three sons who work for a local lord, the eldest grazes the horses, the middle one the cattle and the youngest the pigs. When the horses vanish one day, the eldest tries to find them and passes through a set of doors: a wooden one, an iron one, a silver one, then a golden one, and sees a white dove on a table. The dove talks to him and says it can find the horse if the boy marries her. He declines, telling her that he already has a sweetheart. The same thing happens to the middle brother. When the youngest brother meets the white dove, the boy agrees to marry her. He begins to live with the dove, eating the best food and drinking the best drinks, until he gets bored and wishes to see human people again. The dove tells him that the king will be part of a three day festival in the plains, and he can go there to have fun. The boy finds some money and buys finer clothes to join the people at the festival. When night comes, a young woman clad in golden clothes appears and enjoys the festivities. After the boy returns to the dove, he tells the bird about the maiden at the festival. The next day, the boy sits on a rock by the stream and sighs over the golden maiden. A frog tells him that the golden maiden is the white dove, changed into an animal by an evil sorcerer, and that he can burn her dove feathers when she goes to the festival. That night, the boy waits for his wife to go to the festival and burns the dove feathers. He breaks the enchantment and lives happily with his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Analysis">Analysis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tale_type">Tale type</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Tale type">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The tale has been related by scholarship to the international tale type ATU 425, "<a href="/wiki/Animal_as_Bridegroom" title="Animal as Bridegroom">The Search for the Lost Husband</a>", of the international <a href="/wiki/Aarne-Thompson-Uther_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index">Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> These tales refer to a marriage between a human woman and a husband of supernatural origin that appears in animal shape. Sometimes the human wife tries to break the enchantment by destroying the husband's animal skin, but he vanishes and she must undergo a penance to get her husband back.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>According to philologist researcher Irina S. Nadbitova, from the Kalmyk Institute for Humanities research RAS, a similar narrative exists in the Kalmyk Folktale Corpus, with two variants she listed. Nadbitova classified it as type 432, "Финист ясный сокол" ("Finist, the Bright Falcon", the name of a <a href="/wiki/The_Feather_of_Finist_the_Falcon" title="The Feather of Finist the Falcon">Russian fairy tale</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_tales">Related tales</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Related tales">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>According to Lörincz, in a Tibetan language translation of <i>The Bewitched Corpse</i>, titled <i>Ro-sgruṅ</i> (published by professor Damdinsuren), tales nr. 4 and nr. 9 (out of 21 of the compilation) are tales about animal husbands. As such, they can be classified as tale type ATU 425 and its subtypes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Mongol_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol studies">Mongolist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81gnes_Birtalan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ágnes Birtalan (page does not exist)">Ágnes Birtalan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birtalan_%C3%81gnes" class="extiw" title="hu:Birtalan Ágnes">hu</a>&#93;</span> translated the tales collected by linguist <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A1bor_B%C3%A1lint&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gábor Bálint (page does not exist)">Gábor Bálint</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szentkatolnai_B%C3%A1lint_G%C3%A1bor" class="extiw" title="hu:Szentkatolnai Bálint Gábor">hu</a>&#93;</span> in the 19th century from Kalmyk sources. The third tale of his collection, named <i>Moγǟ köwǖn</i> ("The snake-lad") by Birtalan, also contains the animal husband (a snake), his disappearance and later the wife's quest for him.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bird_Lover" title="The Bird Lover">The Bird Lover</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In an early 19th century publication by German priest Benjamin Fürchtegott von Bergmann, he claimed that the original language word was <i>Zagaom Schabucha</i>, referring to a species of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_owl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Great owl (page does not exist)">great owl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_White_Bird_and_His_Wife&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Rachewiltz, Igor; and Rybatzki, Volker. <i>Introduction to Altaic Philology</i>. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 31 May. 2010. pp. 227, 233. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004185289.i-524">https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004185289.i-524</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kára, G. "Mongolian Literature". In: <i>Turkic and Mongolian Literature</i>. History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 5. UNESCO. p. 738. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1">978-92-3-103876-1</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francke, A. H. “Die Geschichten Des Toten Ṅo-Rub-Can. Eine Tibetische Form Der Vetālapañcavimśatikā Aus Purig”. In: <i>Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft</i> 75 (1921): 7274. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43373227">http://www.jstor.org/stable/43373227</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Rachewiltz, Igor; and Rybatzki, Volker. <i>Introduction to Altaic Philology</i>. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 31 May. 2010. pp. 227, 233. doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004185289.i-524">https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004185289.i-524</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kára, G. "Tibetan and Mongolian Literature". In: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=9yTFnuWQKvkC&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA386&amp;dq=%22bewitched+corpse%22&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=%22bewitched%20corpse%22&amp;f=false">History of civilizations of Central Asia</a></i>. UNESCO, 2000. p. 386. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-3-103654-8" title="Special:BookSources/92-3-103654-8">92-3-103654-8</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Busk, Rachel Harriette. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/40402/40402-h/40402-h.htm#t7">Sagas from the Far East or, Kalmouk and Mongolian Traditionary Tales</a></i>. London: Griffith and Farran. 1873. pp. 89-96.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jülg, Bernhard. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=JkAJAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q=%22vii.%20erzahlung%22&amp;f=false">Kalmükische Märchen</a></i>. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1866. pp. 39-42.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Benjamin Fürchtegott B. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=A2QFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA312&amp;lpg=PA312&amp;dq=%22zagaom%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=tkYeA6nlRq&amp;sig=ACfU3U1p6hHGCyePAmPzJe-AcnM9XwJd2Q&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiIjOPvzNj2AhWnLLkGHe64CdI4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&amp;q=%22zagaom%22&amp;f=false">Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmüken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803</a></i>. C.J.G. Hartmann, 1804. p. 312 (footnote).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thoms, William John. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433086945833&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=284&amp;q1=%22zagaom%22">Lays And Legends of Various Nations: Illustrative of Their Traditions, Popular Literature, Manners, Customs, And Superstitions</a></i>. Vol. 4. London: G. Cowie, 1834. p. 72 (footnote).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tibbitts, Charles John. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35334/35334-h/35334-h.htm#chap05pt07">Folk-Tales and Legends: Oriental</a></i>. London: W. W. Gibbings. 1889. pp. 101-106.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LŐRINCZ, L. “LES «CONTES DU CADAVRE ENSORCELÉ» DANS LA LITTÉRATURE ET LE FOLKLORE MONGOLS”. In: <i>Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</i> 20, no. 2 (1967): 205, 222. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682112">http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682112</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LŐRINCZ, L. “LES «CONTES DU CADAVRE ENSORCELÉ» DANS LA LITTÉRATURE ET LE FOLKLORE MONGOLS”. In: <i>Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</i> 20, no. 2 (1967): 214, 215. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682112">http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682112</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Владимирцов, Борис Яковлевич. "Волшебный мертвец. Монгольско-ойратские сказки" [Bewitched Corpse: Mongol-Oirat Fairy Tales]. Издательство восточной литературы, 1958. Tale nr. 7.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Горяева Б.Б. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kigiran.com/sites/default/files/kalmyckaya_volshebnaya_skazka_0.pdf">Калмыцкая волшебная сказка: сюжетный состав и поэтикостилевая система</a>". Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», 2011. pp. 38-39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-94587-476-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-94587-476-3">978-5-94587-476-3</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coxwell, C. F. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/siberian-and-other-folk-tales/page/206/mode/1up">Siberian And Other Folk Tales</a></i>. London: The C. W. Daniel Company, 1925. pp. 206-209.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, Adolf. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=vJs5T6ZaznsC&amp;pg=PA61&amp;lpg=PA61&amp;dq=%22Das+Geheimnis+des+wei%C3%9Fen+Vogels%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=e1kiDCTNUj&amp;sig=ACfU3U1g0O8rNCWgOBa-Md8dhgbSbu9Vbw&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjB1NCkzKj3AhXrupUCHUOfBHgQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Das%20Geheimnis%20des%20wei%C3%9Fen%20Vogels%22&amp;f=false">Kalmückische Märchen</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/gelber/kalmueck/chap008.html">Wie der Chansohn zwölfmal den Siddhi-Kür holte</a></i>. Wien; Berlin; Leipzig; München: Rikola Verlag, 1921. pp. 61-65.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Löhr, Johann Andreas Christian. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b41170&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=488&amp;skin=2021">Grosses Märchenbuch</a></i>. Neu geordnet von Gustav Harrer. 2. Aufl. Leipzig: E. Berndt, 1880. pp. 476-478.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francke, A. H. “Zur Tibetischen Vetālapancaviṁśatikā (Siddhikür)”. In: <i>Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft</i> 77 (n.F. 2) (1923): 239240. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43367829">http://www.jstor.org/stable/43367829</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LÖRINCZ, L. "LES «CONTES DU CADAVRE ENSORCELÉ» (RO-SGRUN) DANS LA LITTÉRATURE ET LE FOLKLORE TIBÉTAINS". In: <i>Acta Orientalia Hungaricae</i> 18 (1965): 307.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LÖRINCZ, L. "LES «CONTES DU CADAVRE ENSORCELÉ» (RO-SGRUN) DANS LA LITTÉRATURE ET LE FOLKLORE TIBÉTAINS". In: <i>Acta Orientalia Hungaricae</i> 18 (1965): 312.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benson, Sandra. <i>Tales of the golden corpse: Tibetan folk tales</i>. Northampton, Mass.: Interlink Books, 2007. pp. 121-126. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781566566322" title="Special:BookSources/9781566566322">9781566566322</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Игра Веталы с человеком (Тибетские народные сказки) [Tibetan Folk Tales]. Мoskva: Наука Главная редакция восточной литературы, 1969. pp. 62-66.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macdonald, D. (1931). "Tibetan Tales II". In: <i>Folklore</i>, 42:3, 308-310. DOI: 10.1080/0015587X.1931.9718409</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jewett, Eleanore Myers. <i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wonder_Tales_from_Tibet/The_White_Bird%27s_Wife">Wonder Tales from Tibet</a></i>. Boston: By Little, Brown, and Company. 1922. pp. 27-49.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ŠARAKŠINOVA, NADEŽDA O. “LES CONTES DU CADAVRE ENSORCELÉ CHEZ LES BOURIATES”. In: <i>Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</i> 16, no. 1 (1963): 4647. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682290">http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682290</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wlislocki, Heinrich von, and Mühlbach. “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035891020&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=500&amp;skin=2021">Märchen Des Siddhi-Kür in Siebenbürgen</a>”. In: <i>Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft</i> 41, no. 3 (1887): 448, 454-455 (Romani text), 455-457 (German translation). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43361883">http://www.jstor.org/stable/43361883</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LÖRINCZ, L. "LES «CONTES DU CADAVRE ENSORCELÉ» (RO-SGRUN) DANS LA LITTÉRATURE ET LE FOLKLORE TIBÉTAINS". In: <i>Acta Orientalia Hungaricae</i> 18 (1965): 312.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Ralston_Shedden-Ralston" title="William Ralston Shedden-Ralston">Ralston, William</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433115515359&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=1010">Beauty and the Beast</a>". In: <i>The Nineteenth Century</i>. Vol. 4. (JulyDecember, 1878). London: Henry S. King &amp; Co. pp.&#160;10001001.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coxwell, C. F. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/siberian-and-other-folk-tales/page/252/mode/1up">Siberian And Other Folk Tales</a></i>. London: The C. W. Daniel Company, 1925. p. 258.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Надбитова, И. С. "Указатель сюжетов калмыцких волшебных сказок". In: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/nadbitova1.htm">http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/nadbitova1.htm</a> (Online article).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LŐRINCZ, L. “LES RECUEILS RO-SGRU Ṅ TIBÉTAINS CONTENANT 21 CONTES”. In <i>Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</i> 21, no. 3 (1968): 317, 319, 321. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682727">http://www.jstor.org/stable/23682727</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6620596/Kalmyk_Folklore_and_Folk_Culture_in_the_mid_19th_Century_Philological_Studies_on_the_Basis_of_G%C3%A1bor_B%C3%A1lint_of_Szentkatolna_s_Kalmyk_Texts">Kalmyk Folklore and Folk Culture in the mid-19th Century. Philological Studies on the Basis of Gábor Bálint of Szentkatolnas Kalmyk Texts.</a></i>. Oriental Studies 15. Budapest: 2011. pp. 86, 89-91. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7451-22-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7451-22-5">978-963-7451-22-5</a>.</span>
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</ol></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Nupserha andamanica</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of beetle</div>
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<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%">
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Nupserha andamanica</i>
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<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>
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<td>Kingdom:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></div>
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<td>Phylum:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></div>
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<td>Class:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="class"><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></div>
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<td>Order:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">Coleoptera</a></div>
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<td>Suborder:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="suborder"><a href="/wiki/Polyphaga" title="Polyphaga">Polyphaga</a></div>
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<td>Family:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Cerambycidae</a></div>
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<td>Genus:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nupserha" title="Nupserha">Nupserha</a></b></i></div>
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<td>Species:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>N.&#160;andamanica</b></i></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Nupserha andamanica</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Breuning, 1960</div>
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<p><i><b>Nupserha andamanica</b></i> is a species of <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetle</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Cerambycidae</a>. It was described by <a href="/wiki/Stephan_von_Breuning_(entomologist)" title="Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)">Stephan von Breuning</a> in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nupserha_andamanica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id847931/">BioLib.cz - <i>Nupserha andamanica</i></a>. Retrieved on 8 September 2014.</span>
</li>
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<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14819057" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q14819057">Q14819057</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nupserha_andamanica" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Nupserha andamanica">Nupserha andamanica</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id847931">847931</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/15865394">15865394</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/1161402">1161402</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Nupserha" title="Nupserha">Nupserha</a> article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nupserha_andamanica&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nupserha-stub" title="Template:Nupserha-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nupserha-stub" title="Template talk:Nupserha-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nupserha-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Caton (surname)</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p><b>Caton</b> is the surname of the following people:
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Academics"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Academics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Performers"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Performers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Politics_and_law"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Politics and law</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sportspeople"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sportspeople</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Others"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Others</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Academics">Academics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caton_(surname)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Academics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Caton-Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude Caton-Thompson">Gertrude Caton-Thompson</a> (18881985), English archaeologist</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Caton" title="Hiram Caton">Hiram Caton</a> (19362010), Australian academic</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caton" title="Richard Caton">Richard Caton</a> (18421926), English scientist</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Performers">Performers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caton_(surname)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Performers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauderic_Caton" title="Lauderic Caton">Lauderic Caton</a> (19101999), Trinidadian guitarist</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caton" title="Michael Caton">Michael Caton</a> (born 1943), Australian television, film and stage actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Caton" title="Nathan Caton">Nathan Caton</a> (born 1984), English comedian</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Caton" title="Roy Caton">Roy Caton</a>, trumpet player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Caton" title="Steve Caton">Steve Caton</a>, American musician</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics_and_law">Politics and law</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caton_(surname)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Politics and law">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Caton" title="Homer Caton">Homer Caton</a> (1887-1958), Illinois politician and farmer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Caton" title="John D. Caton">John D. Caton</a> (18121895), chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Caton" title="Martin Caton">Martin Caton</a> (born 1951), Welsh politician</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Caton" title="Valerie Caton">Valerie Caton</a> (born 1952), British former ambassador</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sportspeople">Sportspeople</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caton_(surname)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Sportspeople">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Caton" title="Andrew Caton">Andrew Caton</a> (born 1987), English footballer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Caton" title="Bill Caton">Bill Caton</a> (19242011), English footballer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Caton" title="Dylan Caton">Dylan Caton</a> (born 1995), Australian footballer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Caton" title="Eugene Caton">Eugene Caton</a>, football player and coach</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Howdy_Caton" title="Howdy Caton">Howdy Caton</a> (18941948), American professional baseball player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Caton" title="James Caton">James Caton</a> (born 1994), English footballer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Caton" title="Kevin Caton">Kevin Caton</a> (born 1965), retired Australian rules footballer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Caton" title="Larry Caton">Larry Caton</a> (born 1948), American handball player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Caton" title="Noah Caton">Noah Caton</a> (18971922), American football player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Caton" title="Tommy Caton">Tommy Caton</a> (19621993), English footballer</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Others">Others</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caton_(surname)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Caton" title="David Caton">David Caton</a> (born 1956), American political activist and writer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Caton" title="Greg Caton">Greg Caton</a> (born 1956), American businessman, inventor, manufacturer and promoter of herbal products</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caton-Jones" title="Michael Caton-Jones">Michael Caton-Jones</a> (born 1957), Scottish film director</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Caton" title="Reginald Caton">Reginald Caton</a> (18971971), British publisher</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Caton" title="Shaun Caton">Shaun Caton</a>, British performance artist</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Caton" title="William Caton">William Caton</a> (16361665), English Quaker itinerant preacher and writer</li></ul>
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<div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><div><img alt="WPanthroponymy.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/30px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/45px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/60px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="53" data-file-height="51" /></div><div class="dmbox-body"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Surname list</div>This page lists people with the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> <b>Caton</b>. <br /><small>If an <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Caton_(surname)&amp;namespace=0">internal link</a> intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">link</a> by adding the person's <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>(s) to the link.</small> </div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British secret agents sent to snoop on IRA leaders during the Irish War of Independence</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Cairo Gang" redirects here. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Cairo_Gang_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cairo Gang (band)">The Cairo Gang (band)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p><p>The <b>Cairo Gang</b> was a group of British intelligence agents who were sent to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> to conduct intelligence operations against prominent members of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA) with, according to Irish intelligence, the intention of assassinating them. Twelve men, including <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officers, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a> officers and a civilian informant, were killed on the morning of 21 November 1920 by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a>, in a planned series of simultaneous early-morning strikes engineered by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>. The events were the first killings of <a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)" title="Bloody Sunday (1920)">Bloody Sunday</a>.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pat_Coogan" title="Tim Pat Coogan">Tim Pat Coogan</a>'s biography of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a> asserts that the "nom de guerre" of the British unit derived from a common history of service in the Middle East,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> but that is disputed by some Irish historians, such as <a href="/wiki/Conor_Cruise_O%27Brien" title="Conor Cruise O&#39;Brien">Conor Cruise O'Brien</a>, and it has been suggested that they received the name because they often held meetings at Cafe Cairo, at 59 Grafton Street in Dublin. Earlier books on the 19191923 period do not refer to the Cairo Gang by that name.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Assassinations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Assassinations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#28_Pembroke_Street_Upper"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">28 Pembroke Street Upper</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#117_Morehampton_Road"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">117 Morehampton Road</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#92_Lower_Baggot_Street"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">92 Lower Baggot Street</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#38_Upper_Mount_Street"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">38 Upper Mount Street</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#28_Earlsfort_Terrace"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">28 Earlsfort Terrace</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#22_Lower_Mount_Street"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">22 Lower Mount Street</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#119_Baggot_Street"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">119 Baggot Street</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Gresham_Hotel"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Gresham Hotel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Fitzwilliam_Square"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Fitzwilliam Square</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Eastwood_Hotel"><span class="tocnumber">2.10</span> <span class="toctext">Eastwood Hotel</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Fatalities"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Fatalities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#The_Igoe_Gang"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">The Igoe Gang</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>By 1920, the IRA's Dublin headquarters, under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>, had, through targeted assassination and intelligence penetration, effectively eliminated the G Division of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a>, previously the mainstay of the Crown's intelligence operations against Irish Republicans. In response, the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_administration_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Castle administration in Ireland">Dublin Castle administration</a>, at that time the headquarters of the British government in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, were forced to look for external intelligence support.
</p><p>In January 1920, the British Army Intelligence Centre in Ireland formed a special plain-clothes unit of 18 to 20 demobilised ex-army officers, and some officers still on active duty, to conduct clandestine operations against the IRA. The officers received training in London, most likely under the supervision of Special Branch, which had been part of Britain's Directorate of Home Intelligence since February 1919. They may also have received some training from <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> officers and former officers working for Special Branch. Army Centre in Dublin hoped these officers could eventually be divided up and deployed to the provinces to support its 5th and 6th Division intelligence staff, but it decided to keep the unit in Dublin, at the Dublin District Division, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Boyd_(British_Army_officer)" title="Gerald Boyd (British Army officer)">General Gerald Boyd</a>. It was known officially as the Dublin District Special Branch (DDSB) and also as "D Branch". In May 1920, Lieutenant Colonel Walter Wilson arrived in Dublin to take command of D Branch.
</p><p>Following the events of Bloody Sunday, 21 November 1920, when twelve D Branch officers were assassinated by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>, D Branch was transferred to the command of Brigadier-General Sir <a href="/wiki/Ormonde_Winter" title="Ormonde Winter">Ormonde Winter</a> in January 1921. Winter had been placed in charge of a new police intelligence unit, the Combined Intelligence Service, in May 1920, and his charter was to set up a central intelligence clearing house to more effectively collate and coordinate army and police intelligence. Those members of D Branch who survived Bloody Sunday were very unhappy to be transferred from army command to CIS command and, for the next six months, until the <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_July_1921" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce of July 1921">Truce of July 1921</a>, D Branch continued to maintain regular contact with Army Intelligence Centre while undertaking missions for Winter's CIS.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairo_gang.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cairo_gang.jpg/250px-Cairo_gang.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cairo_gang.jpg/375px-Cairo_gang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cairo_gang.jpg/500px-Cairo_gang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="695" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairo_gang.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A photo purportedly of the Cairo Gang, but more probably the <a href="/wiki/Igoe_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Igoe Gang">Igoe Gang</a></div></div></div>
<p>The famous photograph, that is purported to show members of the Cairo Gang, is lodged in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">National Library of Ireland</a> photographic archive <a href="/wiki/Piaras_B%C3%A9asla%C3%AD" title="Piaras Béaslaí">Piaras Béaslaí</a> collection (five copies). An inscription describes the men as "the special gang F company Auxiliaries". The men in the photo are numbered, but there are no names or details on the back of the photos. Three other photos in the collection show Auxiliaries posing on vehicles in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a>. Those three photos are similarly numbered.
</p><p>The IRA Intelligence Department (IRAID) was receiving information from numerous well-placed sources, including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Mernin" title="Elizabeth Mernin">Lily Mernin</a>, who was the confidential code clerk for British Army Intelligence Centre in Parkgate Street, and Sergeant Jerry Mannix, stationed in <a href="/wiki/Donnybrook,_Dublin" title="Donnybrook, Dublin">Donnybrook</a>. Mannix provided the IRAID with a list of names and addresses of all the members of the Cairo Gang. In addition, Michael Collins' case officers on the intelligence staff — <a href="/wiki/Liam_Tobin" title="Liam Tobin">Liam Tobin</a>, Tom Cullen and Frank Thornton — were meeting with several D Branch officers nightly, pretending to be informers. Another IRA penetration source, participating in the nightly repartee with the D Branch men at Cafe Cairo, Rabiatti's Saloon, and Kidds Back Pub, was Detective Constable <a href="/wiki/David_Neligan" title="David Neligan">David Neligan</a>, one of people Michael Collins had organised to penetrate <a href="/wiki/G-Division" class="mw-redirect" title="G-Division">G-Division</a>, the secret detectives of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a>. Additionally, the IRA had co-opted most of the Irish servants who worked in the rooming houses where the D Branch officers lived, and all of their comings and goings were meticulously recorded by servants and reported to Collins' staff.
</p><p>All the members of the Gang were kept under surveillance for several weeks, and intelligence was gathered from sympathisers, for example, who was coming home at strange hours, thereby indicating that they were being allowed through the <a href="/wiki/British_army" class="mw-redirect" title="British army">military</a> <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a>. The IRA Dublin Brigade and the IRAID then pooled their resources and intelligence to draw up their own hit list of suspected Gang members, and set the date for the assassinations to be carried out as <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Timeline of the Irish War of Independence">21 November 1920</a>, at 9:00&#160;am.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Assassinations">Assassinations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Assassinations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The operation was planned by several senior IRA members, including Michael Collins, <a href="/wiki/Dick_McKee" title="Dick McKee">Dick McKee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Tobin" title="Liam Tobin">Liam Tobin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peadar_Clancy" title="Peadar Clancy">Peadar Clancy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Cullen_(Irish_nationalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Cullen (Irish nationalist) (page does not exist)">Tom Cullen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Thornton_(Irish_nationalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Thornton (Irish nationalist) (page does not exist)">Frank Thornton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Traynor" title="Oscar Traynor">Oscar Traynor</a>. The killings were planned to coincide with a <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> match between <a href="/wiki/Dublin_GAA" title="Dublin GAA">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_GAA" title="Tipperary GAA">Tipperary</a>, because the large crowds around Dublin would allow the members of Collins' <a href="/wiki/The_Squad_(IRA_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Squad (IRA unit)">Squad</a> to move about more easily, and make it more difficult for the British to detect them before and after they carried out the assassinations.
</p><p>Clancy and McKee were picked up by Crown forces on the evening of Saturday, 20 November. They were tortured and later shot dead "while trying to escape". Tortured and killed with them was Conor Clune, the nephew of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Clune" title="Patrick Clune">Clune</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a>, who had been senior chaplain to the Catholic members of the <a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">Australian Imperial Force</a> in World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> Clune was manager of the seed and plant nursery owned by <a href="/wiki/Edward_MacLysaght" title="Edward MacLysaght">Edward MacLysaght</a> near Quin, and Clune and MacLysaght travelled to Dublin on the morning of Saturday, 20 November 1920, bringing with him the books of the Raheen Co-op for its annual audit. Clune was arrested in a raid on Vaughan's Hotel in Dublin, where he was a registered guest.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="28_Pembroke_Street_Upper">28 Pembroke Street Upper</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: 28 Pembroke Street Upper">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The operation began at 9:00&#160;am, when members of the Squad entered 28 Pembroke Street. The first British agents to die were Major Charles Milne Cholmeley Dowling<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> and Captain Leonard Price.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andy_Cooney" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Cooney">Andy Cooney</a> of the Dublin Brigade removed documents from their rooms.
</p><p>Three more members of the Gang were shot in the same house: Captain Brian Christopher Headlam Keenlyside, Colonel Wilfrid Woodcock, and Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Montgomery_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Hugh Montgomery (Royal Marines officer)">Hugh Montgomery</a>. Woodcock was not connected with intelligence and had walked into a confrontation on the first floor of the Pembroke Street house as he was preparing to leave to command a regimental parade at army headquarters. He was in his military uniform and, when he shouted to warn the other five British officers living in the house, he was shot in the shoulder and back, but survived. As Keenlyside was about to be shot, a struggle ensued between his wife and Mick O'Hanlon. The leader of the unit, Mick Flanagan, arrived, pushed Mrs Keenlyside out of the way and shot her husband.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="117_Morehampton_Road">117 Morehampton Road</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 117 Morehampton Road">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>At 117 <a href="/wiki/Morehampton_Road,_Dublin" title="Morehampton Road, Dublin">Morehampton Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donnybrook,_Dublin" title="Donnybrook, Dublin">Donnybrook</a>, 2.3&#160;km from the scene of the first shootings, another member of the Cairo Gang, Lieutenant Donald Lewis MacLean,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> along with suspected informer T.H. Smith and MacLean's brother-in-law, John Caldow, were taken into the hallway and about to be shot, when MacLean asked that they not be shot in front of his wife. The three were taken to an unused bedroom and shot. Caldow survived his wounds and fled to his home in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="92_Lower_Baggot_Street">92 Lower Baggot Street</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: 92 Lower Baggot Street">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Just 800 metres away, at 92 Lower Baggot Street, another Gang member, Captain William Frederick Newberry,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> and his wife, heard their front door come crashing down and blockaded themselves into their bedroom. Newberry rushed for his window to try to escape but was shot while climbing out by Bill Stapleton and Joe Leonard, after they finally broke the door down.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="38_Upper_Mount_Street">38 Upper Mount Street</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: 38 Upper Mount Street">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Two key members of the Gang, Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ashmun_Ames" title="Peter Ashmun Ames">Peter Ashmun Ames</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> and Captain George Bennett,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> were made to stand facing the wall on a bed in a downstairs rear bedroom and shot by <a href="/wiki/Vinny_Byrne" title="Vinny Byrne">Vinny Byrne</a> and others in his squad. A maid had let the attackers into 38 Upper Mount Street and indicated, at gunpoint, the rooms occupied by the two targeted men. Despite many accounts to the contrary, Byrne was not involved in the killings in Morehampton Road that morning.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="28_Earlsfort_Terrace">28 Earlsfort Terrace</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: 28 Earlsfort Terrace">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Sergeant John J Fitzgerald,<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Irish_Constabulary_Roll_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Irish_Constabulary_Roll-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a>, also known as "Captain Fitzgerald" or "Captain Fitzpatrick", whose father was from <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a>, was killed a kilometre away at 28 <a href="/wiki/Earlsfort_Terrace" title="Earlsfort Terrace">Earlsfort Terrace</a>. He had survived a previous assassination attempt when a bullet grazed his head. This time he was shot twice in the head. The documents found in his house detailed the movements of senior IRA members.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="22_Lower_Mount_Street">22 Lower Mount Street</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: 22 Lower Mount Street">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>An IRA unit led by Tom Keogh entered 22 Lower Mount Street to kill Lieutenant Henry Angliss, <i>alias</i> Patrick Mahon,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> and Lieutenant Charles Ratsch Peel. The two intelligence specialists in the Gang, Angliss and Peel, had been recalled from Russia to organise British intelligence operations in the South Dublin area. Angliss had survived a previous assassination attempt when he had been shot at in a billiard hall. He was targeted for killing <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> fundraiser John Lynch, mistaken for <a href="/wiki/Liam_Lynch_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liam Lynch (general)">General Liam Lynch</a>, Divisional Commandant of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Southern_Division,_IRA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Southern Division, IRA (page does not exist)">1st Southern Division, IRA</a>. Angliss was shot as he reached for his gun.
</p><p>Peel, hearing the shots, managed to block his bedroom door and survived even though more than a dozen bullets were fired into his room. When members of <a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a>, who were on lookout, reported that the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Division" title="Auxiliary Division">Auxiliary Division</a> were approaching the house, the unit of eleven men split up into two groups, the first leaving by the front door, the second through the laneway at the back of the house.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="119_Baggot_Street">119 Baggot Street</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: 119 Baggot Street">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>At 119 Baggot Street, a three-man unit killed Captain Geoffrey Thomas Baggallay,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> a barrister who had been employed as a prosecutor under the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Order_in_Ireland_Act_1920" title="Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920">Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920</a> regulations,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> and who had been a member of military courts that sentenced IRA volunteers to death.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Gresham_Hotel">Gresham Hotel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Gresham Hotel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Captain Patrick McCormack and Lieutenant Leonard Wilde were in the <a href="/wiki/Gresham_Hotel" title="Gresham Hotel">Gresham Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street" title="O&#39;Connell Street">O'Connell Street</a>. The IRA unit gained access to their rooms by pretending to be British soldiers with important dispatches. When the men opened their doors they were shot and killed. A listing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> for McCormack and Wilde does not indicate any rank for the latter — in fact he was a discharged army officer who had been a British consul in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> McCormack's killing was a mistake. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Veterinary_Corps" title="Royal Army Veterinary Corps">Royal Army Veterinary Corps</a> and was in Ireland to buy horses for the British Army. He was shot in bed and Collins himself later acknowledged the error. Unlike the other British officers, McCormack, a Catholic from <a href="/wiki/Castlebar" title="Castlebar">Castlebar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> was buried in Ireland, at <a href="/wiki/Glasnevin_Cemetery" title="Glasnevin Cemetery">Glasnevin Cemetery</a>, Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fitzwilliam_Square">Fitzwilliam Square</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Fitzwilliam Square">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Captain John Scott Crawford, in charge of motor repair of the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Service_Corps" title="Royal Army Service Corps">Army Service Corps</a>, narrowly escaped death after the IRA entered a guesthouse in Fitzwilliam Square where he was staying, looking for a Major Callaghan. On not finding their target, they debated whether or not to shoot Crawford. They decided not to shoot him because he was not on their list. Instead, they gave him 24 hours to leave Ireland, although the major left Ireland in no hurry despite that close call.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Eastwood_Hotel">Eastwood Hotel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Eastwood Hotel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In the Eastwood Hotel at 91 Lower <a href="/wiki/Leeson_Street" title="Leeson Street">Leeson Street</a>, the IRA failed to find their target, Captain Thomas Jennings. Other targets who escaped were Captain Jocelyn Hardy<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> and Major William Lorraine King, a colleague of Hardy who was missing when Joe Dolan burst into King's room. According to the prim <a href="/wiki/Todd_Andrews" title="Todd Andrews">Todd Andrews</a>, Dolan took revenge by giving King's half-naked mistress "a right <a href="/wiki/Scourging" class="mw-redirect" title="Scourging">scourging</a> with a sword scabbard", and setting fire to the room afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Major Frank Murray Maxwell Hallowell Carew, an intelligence officer who, with Captain Price, had almost cornered <a href="/wiki/3rd_Tipperary_Brigade" title="3rd Tipperary Brigade">3rd Tipperary Brigade</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Treacy" title="Seán Treacy">Seán Treacy</a> a month before, was on the list. (Treacy had been killed by G men as he tried to shoot his way out of a trap on 14 October, a week before the day of the Cairo Gang assassinations.)
</p><p>When the IRA came calling for Murray, he had moved to an apartment across the street. He heard the gunfire at his former lodging and fired his revolver at an IRA sentry outside. The sentry was hit and took cover inside the house. The Volunteers moved on.
</p><p>Several IRA men carried sledgehammers with them the morning of 21 November, because they expected to encounter bolted doors. They did not find any, but T. Ryle Dwyer claims that they used them to smash the skulls and faces of some of the officers they had shot.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Two members of the Auxiliary Cadet Division, Temporary Cadets Frank Garniss, aged 34,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> and Cecil Augustus Morris, aged 24,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> were among a patrol of Auxiliaries who responded to the scene of one of the attacks, armed with .45 calibre <a href="/wiki/Webley_revolver" class="mw-redirect" title="Webley revolver">Webley revolvers</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a>. Garniss and Morris were shot and killed as they sought to cordon off the rear of one of the scenes of assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>A listing in <i>The Times</i> of killed and wounded notes that, in addition to Caldow, Captain Brian Keenlyside, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Montgomery_(British_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Montgomery (British officer)">Colonel Hugh Montgomery</a>, Major (Wilfrid) Woodcock, and Lieutenant Randolph Murray were wounded, but not killed. On 10 December 1920, Montgomery died of the wounds he received on Bloody Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fatalities">Fatalities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Fatalities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Nineteen men were shot. Fourteen were killed on 21 November and Montgomery died later, making fifteen in all. Five were wounded (including King's mistress). Ames, Angliss, Baggallay, Bennet, Dowling, Fitzgerald, McCormack, MacLean, Montgomery, Newberry, Price, Wilde, Smith, Morris and Garniss were killed. Keenlyside, Woodcock, Murray and Caldow were wounded. Peel and others escaped. The dead included members of the "Cairo Gang", British Army <a href="/wiki/Courts-Martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts-Martial">Courts-Martial</a> officers, the two Auxiliaries and a civilian informant.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Aftermath">Aftermath</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Of the IRA men involved, only <a href="/wiki/Frank_Teeling" title="Frank Teeling">Frank Teeling</a> was captured during the operation. He was court-martialled and sentenced to hang, but escaped from <a href="/wiki/Kilmainham_Gaol" title="Kilmainham Gaol">Kilmainham Gaol</a> before the sentence could be carried out, although he was later tried for shooting a member of the National Army, and convicted for killing a man for bringing a bag of tomatoes into the bar at the Theatre Royal, Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moran_(Irish_republican)" title="Patrick Moran (Irish republican)">Patrick Moran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Whelan" title="Thomas Whelan">Thomas Whelan</a> were arrested later and, despite their protestations of innocence, and 19 false witnesses attesting to alibis,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> were convicted. and hanged for murder on 14 March 1921.
</p><p>The remaining Cairo Gang members, along with many other spies, fled to either <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a> or England, fearing they were next on the IRA's hit list. Another member committed suicide in Dublin Castle. The deaths and flights dealt a severe blow to British intelligence gathering in Ireland.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Igoe_Gang">The Igoe Gang</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: The Igoe Gang">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Eventually another group of intelligence operatives, known officially as the Identification Branch of the Combined Intelligence Service (CIS), took the fight to the IRA. The group was known informally as The Igoe Gang, named after its leader <a href="/wiki/Head_Constable" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Constable">Head Constable</a> Eugene Igoe, who was from <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">County Mayo</a>. Igoe reported to Colonel Ormonde Winter.
</p><p>The Igoe Gang consisted of RIC personnel drawn from different parts of Ireland who patrolled the streets of Dublin in plain clothes, looking for wanted men.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> The Igoe Gang posed a serious threat to Collins' apparatus and even caught a Volunteer whom Collins had brought to Dublin to identify Igoe.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> The Gang was never penetrated by the IRA. Igoe later conducted secret service operations for Special Branch over many years in other countries, but never returned to his farm in Mayo out of fear of reprisal. Brigadier General Winter appeared on Igoe's behalf to obtain an increase in his pension in view of his many services to the Crown in Ireland and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/F._Digby_Hardy" title="F. Digby Hardy">F. Digby Hardy</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoogan1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pat_Coogan" title="Tim Pat Coogan">Coogan, Tim Pat</a> (1991). <i>Michael Collins</i>. London: Arrow Books. p.&#160;157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-968580-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-968580-9"><bdi>0-09-968580-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Collins&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=157&amp;rft.pub=Arrow+Books&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=0-09-968580-9&amp;rft.aulast=Coogan&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim+Pat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Imperial War Museum, General Hugh Jeudwine Papers, <i>A Record of the Rebellion in Ireland, 19191921 and of the part played by the Army in it</i>. Volume II<b></b></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caroline Woodcock, <i>Experiences of an Officer's Wife in Ireland</i>(London and Edinburgh: Blackwood and Sons, 1921).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Townsend, <i>The British Campaign in Ireland 19191921</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Irish War of Independence</i> by Michael Hopkinson (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0717137411" title="Special:BookSources/978-0717137411">978-0717137411</a>), page 91</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/75227761">"Casualty Details: Charles Milne Cholmeley Dowling"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+Charles+Milne+Cholmeley+Dowling&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F75227761&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2758778/PRICE,%20L">"Casualty Details: L Price"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+L+Price&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F2758778%2FPRICE%2C%2520L&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/900302">"Casualty Details: Donald Lewis MacLean"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+Donald+Lewis+MacLean&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F900302&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/387908">"Casualty Details: William Frederick Newberry"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+William+Frederick+Newberry&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F387908&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2905996">"Casualty Details: Peter Ashmun Ames"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+Peter+Ashmun+Ames&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F2905996&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2906000">"Casualty Details: G Bennett"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+G+Bennett&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F2906000&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Royal_Irish_Constabulary_Roll-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Irish_Constabulary_Roll_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policememorial.org.uk/Forces/IRELAND/RIC_Roll.htm">"National Police Officers Roll of Honour: Royal Irish Constabulary 18671922"</a>. Police Roll of Honour Trust. 6 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=National+Police+Officers+Roll+of+Honour%3A+Royal+Irish+Constabulary+1867%E2%80%931922&amp;rft.pub=Police+Roll+of+Honour+Trust&amp;rft.date=2009-05-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.policememorial.org.uk%2FForces%2FIRELAND%2FRIC_Roll.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/381009">"Casualty Details: Henry James Angliss"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 21 November 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+Henry+James+Angliss&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F381009&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/75228122">Casualty Details: Baggallay, Geoffrey Thomas</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 1920-11-21. Retrieved 2009-12-29.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 23 November 1920</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/murdered-men/wilde.html">Leonard Wilde accessed June 11,2019</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloodysunday.co.uk/murdered-men/mccormack.html">"Capt Patrick McCormack"</a>. <i>Cairogang.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Cairogang.com&amp;rft.atitle=Capt+Patrick+McCormack&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloodysunday.co.uk%2Fmurdered-men%2Fmccormack.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, <i>Murdered Officers' Last Journey</i> 25 November 1920</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Pat Coogan, <i>Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland</i>, p.160</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Todd Andrews, <i>Dublin Made Me</i>, Mercier Press, 1979, p. 153</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T Ryle Dwyer, <i>The Squad and the Intelligence Operations of Michael Collins</i> (Cork: Mercier, 2005).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theauxiliaries.com/men-alphabetical/men-g/garniss/garniss.html">Cadet Garniss</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theauxiliaries.com/men-alphabetical/men-m/morris-ca/morris.html">Cadet Morris</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Mackay, <i>Michael Collins, A Life</i> (Edinburgh and London: Mainstream Publishers, 1996).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Hopkinson, <i>The Irish War of Independence</i> (Montreal: McGill Queens University Press, 2002)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/75200175">"Casualty Details: Hugh Ferguson Montgomery"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 10 December 1920<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Casualty+Details%3A+Hugh+Ferguson+Montgomery&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft.date=1920-12-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F75200175&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1923/03/29/archives/strange-shooting-in-dublin-theatre-coroner-finds-lieut-teeling-free.html">"STRANGE SHOOTING IN DUBLIN THEATRE; Coroner Finds Lieut. Teeling, Free State Officer, Killed Civic Guard in Self Defense. (Published 1923)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 29 March 1923. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=STRANGE+SHOOTING+IN+DUBLIN+THEATRE%3B+Coroner+Finds+Lieut.+Teeling%2C+Free+State+Officer%2C+Killed+Civic+Guard+in+Self+Defense.+%28Published+1923%29&amp;rft.date=1923-03-29&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1923%2F03%2F29%2Farchives%2Fstrange-shooting-in-dublin-theatre-coroner-finds-lieut-teeling-free.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1921-03-01/debates/55c989af-5bd0-4892-affb-bd3f09c5a55a/Court-Martial(PatrickMoran)">"Court-Martial (Patrick Moran) - Hansard"</a>. <i>hansard.parliament.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hansard.parliament.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Court-Martial+%28Patrick+Moran%29+-+Hansard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F1921-03-01%2Fdebates%2F55c989af-5bd0-4892-affb-bd3f09c5a55a%2FCourt-Martial%28PatrickMoran%29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACairo+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Pat Coogan, <i>Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Henry [2012] Blood For Blood: The Black and Tan War in Galway. Mercier Press, Cork p.178181</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ormonde Winter, <i>A Report of the Intelligence Branch of the Chief Police Commissioner</i> 1921, Public Record Office (PRO).</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>Todd Andrews, <i>Dublin Made Me</i>, Mercier Press, 1979, p.&#160;153</li>
<li>Yigal Sheffy, <i>British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign, 19141918</i> (Cass Series Studies in Intelligence, 1998).</li>
<li>Michael Smith, <i>The Spying Game</i> (Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1996).</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Gang&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairogang.com/index.html">Cairo gang</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Prunus geniculata</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of tree</div>
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<table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%">
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Prunus geniculata</i>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Prunus geniculata flowers.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg/220px-Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg/330px-Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg/440px-Prunus_geniculata_flowers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="1396" /></a>
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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>
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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/220px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/330px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Status_TNC_G3.svg/440px-Status_TNC_G3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /><br />Vulnerable<small>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)</small></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Prunus_sect._Prunocerasus" title="edit"><img alt="edit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Red_Pencil_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span>
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<td>Kingdom:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a>
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<td><i>Clade</i>:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a>
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<td><i>Clade</i>:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a>
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<td><i>Clade</i>:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a>
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<td><i>Clade</i>:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a>
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<td>Order:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a>
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<td>Family:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>
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<td>Genus:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus"><i>Prunus</i></a>
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<td>Subgenus:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Prunus_subg._Prunus" title="Prunus subg. Prunus"><i>Prunus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Prunus</i></a>
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<td>Section:
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<td><a href="/wiki/Prunus_sect._Prunocerasus" title="Prunus sect. Prunocerasus"><i>Prunus <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Prunocerasus</i></a>
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<tr>
<td>Species:
</td>
<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P.&#160;geniculata</b></i></div>
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<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Prunus geniculata</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Roland_McMillan_Harper" title="Roland McMillan Harper">R.M.Harper</a><sup id="cite_ref-ipni_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipni-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rmh_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmh-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup></div>
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<p><i><b>Prunus geniculata</b></i> is a rare species of <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a> known by the common name <b>scrub plum</b>. The species is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Distribution_and_habitat"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Distribution and habitat</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Ecology"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ecology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_geniculata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>This plant is a low, rounded <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> with a gnarled trunk emerging from the sand and branching densely to form a mound up to two meters tall. The zig-zagging, angled, sharp-tipped branches are sometimes buried in sand and emerge covered in <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a>. The gray <a href="/wiki/Bark_(botany)" title="Bark (botany)">bark</a> cracks, revealing new reddish brown bark beneath. The alternately arranged <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> have smooth blades 1 to 3 centimeters long with wavy or toothed edges. Blooming occurs before the leaves appear. The flowers are usually solitary. They have five red <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepals</a> and five white petals a few millimeters long. There are many <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a> at the center, each with a yellow anther. The species is <a href="/wiki/Plant_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant sexuality">andromonoecious</a>, with individuals bearing both bisexual and male-only flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-cpc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpc-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-week_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-week-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> The fruit is a bitter-tasting, egg-shaped <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a> up to 2.5 centimeters long.<sup id="cite_ref-tnc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnc-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> The drupe is reddish purple in color.<sup id="cite_ref-cpc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpc-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The plant may be solitary or it may grow colonially. Little is known about the plant's <a href="/wiki/Biological_life_cycle" title="Biological life cycle">life history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tnc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnc-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cpc_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpc-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_geniculata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The species is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> in the United States, where it occurs on the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Wales_Ridge" title="Lake Wales Ridge">Lake Wales Ridge</a> in the central ridges of the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> It grows in yellow-sand <a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">sandhill</a> habitat dominated by <a href="/wiki/Pinus_palustris" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus palustris">longleaf pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quercus_laevis" title="Quercus laevis">turkey oak</a> and white-sand <a href="/wiki/Florida_scrub" title="Florida scrub">Florida scrub</a> among <a href="/wiki/Pinus_clausa" title="Pinus clausa">sand pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceratiola_ericoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratiola ericoides">Florida rosemary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carya_floridana" title="Carya floridana">scrub hickory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tnc_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnc-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2008 there were 83 populations counted, but 39 of these contained fewer than 10 plants each. Most populations are on the Lake Wales Ridge, and a few are on adjacent ridges. Half the populations are on private land, but most of the large populations are in protected or <a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">managed</a> areas.<sup id="cite_ref-five_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ecology">Ecology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_geniculata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The plant's native habitat is maintained by periodic <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfire</a>. The natural <a href="/wiki/Fire_regime" title="Fire regime">fire regime</a> in the area produces openings in the vegetation, removing woody, overgrown plants in the <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a> and creating gaps where the smaller plants can receive sun. This shrub cannot <a href="/wiki/Shade_tolerance" title="Shade tolerance">tolerate shade</a> and it thrives when fire clears the vegetation around it.<sup id="cite_ref-tnc_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnc-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> It resprouts from its fibrous root system after its aboveground part burns.<sup id="cite_ref-cpc_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpc-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Flowering increases in the seasons after a fire, then decreases the longer the area goes unburned.<sup id="cite_ref-week_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-week-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> The plant is long-lived, has low mortality, and can survive many years without fire. However, <a href="/wiki/Fire_suppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire suppression">fire suppression</a> is the major threat to the survival of the species.<sup id="cite_ref-five_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> Due to the loss of its habitat, the plant is federally listed as an <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Another threat to the species is the outright loss of its habitat in the conversion to residential and agricultural properties, including <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> groves.<sup id="cite_ref-tnc_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnc-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> The plant's own biology may contribute to its rarity: <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germination</a> rates are low and many of the developing fruits are lost before they mature, either to abortion or predation.<sup id="cite_ref-week_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-week-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> The species then experiences low <a href="/wiki/Recruitment_(biology)" title="Recruitment (biology)">recruitment</a>, with few seedlings joining the population.<sup id="cite_ref-five_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The drupe is consumed by animals.<sup id="cite_ref-cpc_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpc-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_geniculata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-ipni-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ipni_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">&#160;<i>Prunus geniculata</i> was first described and published in <i>Torreya.</i> 11: 67. 1911 (Note: the article in which the name appears begins on page 64, the species name not appearing until page 67.) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=210779-2">"Plant Name Details for <i>Prunus geniculata</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IPNI&amp;rft.atitle=Plant+Name+Details+for+Prunus+geniculata&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%3A80%2Fipni%2FidPlantNameSearch.do%3Fid%3D210779-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+geniculata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rmh-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rmh_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRoland_M._Harper1911" class="citation journal cs1">Roland M. Harper (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32148922">"A New Plum from the Lake Region of Florida"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Torreya; A Monthly Journal of Botanical Notes and News</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Torrey_Botanical_Society" title="Torrey Botanical Society">Torrey Botanical Club</a>, USA. <b>11</b>: 6467<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Torreya%3B+A+Monthly+Journal+of+Botanical+Notes+and+News&amp;rft.atitle=A+New+Plum+from+the+Lake+Region+of+Florida&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.pages=64-67&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft.au=Roland+M.+Harper&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F32148922&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+geniculata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cpc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpc_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpc_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpc_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/collection/cpc_viewprofile.asp?CPCNum=3643"><i>Prunus geniculata</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110829121521/http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/Collection/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=3643">Archived</a> 2011-08-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Center for Plant Conservation.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-week-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-week_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-week_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-week_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weekley, C. W., et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amjbot.org/content/97/1/144.full">Multiple causes of seedling rarity in scrub plum, <i>Prunus geniculata</i> (Rosaceae), an endangered shrub of the Florida scrub.</a> <i>Am J Bot</i> 97(1) 144.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tnc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tnc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tnc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tnc_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tnc_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tnc_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Prunus+geniculata"><i>Prunus geniculata</i>.</a> The Nature Conservancy.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210404230726/https://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Species-Accounts/Scrub-Plum-2005.htm">"Scrub Plum (Prunus geniculata) Species Account &#124; North Florida ESO Jacksonville"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/northflorida/Species-Accounts/Scrub-Plum-2005.htm">the original</a> on 4 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Scrub+Plum+%28Prunus+geniculata%29+Species+Account+%26%23124%3B+North+Florida+ESO+Jacksonville&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fnorthflorida%2FSpecies-Accounts%2FScrub-Plum-2005.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrunus+geniculata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-five-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-five_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">USFWS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc2413.pdf"><i>Prunus geniculata</i> Five-year Review.</a> May 2009.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prunus_geniculata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PRGE">USDA Plants Profile</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7253106" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7253106">Q7253106</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Prunus_geniculata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Prunus geniculata">Prunus geniculata</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1174">1174</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/profile/speciesProfile?sId=2238">2238</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/301151">301151</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&amp;taxon_id=250100391">250100391</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3022647">3022647</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=320289">320289</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/167460">167460</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/210779-2">210779-2</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=10180193">10180193</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=24780">24780</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=262525">262525</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-5897">rjp-5897</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=PRGE">PRGE</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A210779-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:210779-2</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/27801098">27801098</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001013855">wfo-0001013855</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2016 Treviso Open</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Dynamic Billiard Treviso Open</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightgreen">Tournament information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data">24&#8211;26 November 2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data">BHR Treviso Hotel,<sup id="cite_ref-euro_Trev_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euro_Trev-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Organisation(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Tour" title="Euro Tour">Euro Tour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Single_Elimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Elimination">Single Elimination</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Total prize fund</span></th><td class="infobox-data">€36,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Winner's share</span></th><td class="infobox-data">€4,500</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightgreen">Final</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Champion</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Runner-up</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Score</th><td class="infobox-data">9-6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="float: left;">&#8592; <a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Treviso_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Treviso Open (page does not exist)">2015</a> </div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2017_Treviso_Open" title="2017 Treviso Open">2017</a> &#8594; </div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>2016 Treviso Open</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">Nine-ball</a> <a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">pool</a> event, and part of the <a href="/wiki/Euro_Tour" title="Euro Tour">Euro Tour</a>. The event was held between 2426 November 2016 in the <i>BHR Treviso Hotel</i> in <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.
</p><p>The winner was <a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a>. The Spaniard secured his second Euro Tour victory by a 96 final win against the German <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a>. Third place went to the Pole <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_Fortu%C5%84ski" title="Mieszko Fortuński">Mieszko Fortuński</a> and the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Niels_Feijen" title="Niels Feijen">Niels Feijen</a> who won the previous Euro Tour tournament, the <a href="/wiki/2016_Leende_Open" title="2016 Leende Open">2016 Leende Open</a>
</p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Treviso_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Treviso Open (page does not exist)">The defending champion</a> was the Englishman <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gray_(snooker_player)" title="Mark Gray (snooker player)">Mark Gray</a>, who lost in the round of 16 against <a href="/wiki/Marco_Teutscher" title="Marco Teutscher">Marco Teutscher</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tournament_results">Tournament results</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Treviso_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Tournament results">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The event saw 163 Participants first in a <a href="/wiki/Double-elimination_tournament" title="Double-elimination tournament">Double elimination tournament.</a> With 32 players left, the event turned into a <a href="/wiki/Single-elimination_tournament" title="Single-elimination tournament">Single-elimination tournament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<table cellpadding="0" style="border-style:none;font-size:90%;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;white-space:nowrap;margin:1em 2em 1em 1em"><tbody><tr><td></td><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f2f2f2"><b>Round of 32</b>
</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f2f2f2"><b>Round of 16</b>
</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f2f2f2"><b>Quarterfinal</b>
</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f2f2f2"><b>Semifinal</b>
</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f2f2f2"><b>Final</b>
</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:1px"></td><td style="width:150px">&#160;</td><td style="width:25px">&#160;</td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:150px">&#160;</td><td style="width:25px">&#160;</td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:150px">&#160;</td><td style="width:25px">&#160;</td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:150px">&#160;</td><td style="width:25px">&#160;</td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:5px"></td><td style="width:150px">&#160;</td><td style="width:25px">&#160;</td><td style="width:1px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gray_(pool_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Gray (pool player)">Mark Gray</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="21" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="45" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Luzker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Luzker (page does not exist)">Sergei Luzker</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">6
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gray_(pool_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Gray (pool player)">Mark Gray</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">5
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Marco_Teutscher" title="Marco Teutscher">Marco Teutscher</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Imran_Majid" title="Imran Majid">Imran Majid</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">1
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Marco_Teutscher" title="Marco Teutscher">Marco Teutscher</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Teutscher" title="Marco Teutscher">Marco Teutscher</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_Fortu%C5%84ski" title="Mieszko Fortuński">Mieszko Fortuński</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Francisco_S%C3%A1nchez_Ru%C3%ADz" title="Francisco Sánchez Ruíz">Francisco Sánchez</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Kap%C5%82an" title="Tomasz Kapłan">Tomasz Kapłan</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">0
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_S%C3%A1nchez_Ru%C3%ADz" title="Francisco Sánchez Ruíz">Francisco Sánchez</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">6
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_Fortu%C5%84ski" title="Mieszko Fortuński">Mieszko Fortuński</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stepanow" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin Stepanow">Konstantin Stepanow</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">6
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mieszko_Fortu%C5%84ski" title="Mieszko Fortuński">Mieszko Fortuński</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_Fortu%C5%84ski" title="Mieszko Fortuński">Mieszko Fortuński</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="10" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marek_Kudlik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marek Kudlik (page does not exist)">Marek Kudlik</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="21" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Souquet" title="Ralf Souquet">Ralf Souquet</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">7
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marek_Kudlik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marek Kudlik (page does not exist)">Marek Kudlik</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Juszczyszyn" title="Konrad Juszczyszyn">Konrad Juszczyszyn</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sascha_Trautmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sascha Trautmann (page does not exist)">Sascha Trautmann</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">5
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Juszczyszyn" title="Konrad Juszczyszyn">Konrad Juszczyszyn</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Juszczyszyn" title="Konrad Juszczyszyn">Konrad Juszczyszyn</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">7
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nick_van_den_Berg" title="Nick van den Berg">Nick van den Berg</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Damianos_Giallourakis" title="Damianos Giallourakis">Damianos Giallourakis</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">7
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nick_van_den_Berg" title="Nick van den Berg">Nick van den Berg</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">4
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Seroschtan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Seroschtan (page does not exist)">Andrei Seroschtan</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">3
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/David_Alcaide" title="David Alcaide">David Alcaide</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="14" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">6
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Cohen" title="Stephan Cohen">Stephan Cohen</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">5
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="21" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="44" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Albin_Ouschan" title="Albin Ouschan">Albin Ouschan</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Albin_Ouschan" title="Albin Ouschan">Albin Ouschan</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wojciech_Sroczy%C5%84ski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wojciech Sroczyński (page does not exist)">Wojciech Sroczyński</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">3
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wojciech_Sroczy%C5%84ski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wojciech Sroczyński (page does not exist)">Wojciech Sroczyński</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joao_Grilo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joao Grilo (page does not exist)">Joao Grilo</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Albin_Ouschan" title="Albin Ouschan">Albin Ouschan</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_%C5%9Aniegocki" title="Mateusz Śniegocki">Mateusz Śniegocki</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">7
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Jurjewitsch_Dudanez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxim Jurjewitsch Dudanez (page does not exist)">Maxim Dudanez</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">6
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxim_Dudanez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxim Dudanez (page does not exist)">Maxim Dudanez</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Lechner" title="Maximilian Lechner">Maximilian Lechner</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Filler" title="Joshua Filler">Joshua Filler</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="10" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Feijen" title="Niels Feijen">Niels Feijen</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Ludwig" title="Sebastian Ludwig">Sebastian Ludwig</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="20" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Staab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Staab (page does not exist)">Sebastian Staab</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">3
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Ludwig" title="Sebastian Ludwig">Sebastian Ludwig</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_He" title="Mario He">Mario He</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">7
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_D%C3%ADaz-Pizarro" title="Francisco Díaz-Pizarro">Francisco Díaz-Pizarro</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mario_He" title="Mario He">Mario He</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Ludwig" title="Sebastian Ludwig">Sebastian Ludwig</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">8
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Niels_Feijen" title="Niels Feijen">Niels Feijen</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazakis" title="Alexander Kazakis">Alexander Kazakis</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="3" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="8" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Delgado_(pool_player)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="José Delgado (pool player) (page does not exist)">José Delgado</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">6
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazakis" title="Alexander Kazakis">Alexander Kazakis</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">3
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
</td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td style="border-color:black;border-width:0 2px 0 0;border-style:solid"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Niels_Feijen" title="Niels Feijen">Niels Feijen</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Hybler" title="Roman Hybler">Roman Hybler</a>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px">4
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-bottom-width:2px;border-right-width:2px"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black"></td></tr><tr><td style="height:7px"></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 2px;border:1px solid #aaa;border-top-width:1px"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Niels_Feijen" title="Niels Feijen">Niels Feijen</a></b>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9f9f9;border-color:#aaa;border-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px"><b>9</b>
</td><td style="border-style:solid;border-width:0;border-color:black;border-top-width:2px"></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Treviso_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-euro_Trev-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euro_Trev_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190126060830/http://europeanpocketbilliardfederation.com/treviso-hosts-the-final-euro-tour-of-the-2017-season/">"Treviso hosts the final Euro-Tour of the 2017 season European Pocket Billiard Federation"</a>. <i>europeanpocketbilliardfederation.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europeanpocketbilliardfederation.com/treviso-hosts-the-final-euro-tour-of-the-2017-season/">the original</a> on 26 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=europeanpocketbilliardfederation.com&amp;rft.atitle=Treviso+hosts+the+final+Euro-Tour+of+the+2017+season+%E2%80%93+European+Pocket+Billiard+Federation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropeanpocketbilliardfederation.com%2Ftreviso-hosts-the-final-euro-tour-of-the-2017-season%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Treviso+Open" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127025253/http://www.billiardapps.com/drawresults.asp?db=eurotour&amp;client=&amp;eventnr=2016060&amp;header=yes&amp;eventheader=no&amp;showtabs=yes&amp;tab=Tournament&amp;footer=no&amp;stageround=All">"Matches Draw and Results"</a>. <i>billiardapps.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Pocket_Billiard_Federation" title="European Pocket Billiard Federation">European Pocket Billiard Federation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billiardapps.com/drawresults.asp?db=eurotour&amp;client=&amp;eventnr=2016060&amp;header=yes&amp;eventheader=no&amp;showtabs=yes&amp;tab=Tournament&amp;footer=no&amp;stageround=All">the original</a> on 27 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=billiardapps.com&amp;rft.atitle=Matches+%E2%80%93+Draw+and+Results&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billiardapps.com%2Fdrawresults.asp%3Fdb%3Deurotour%26client%3D%26eventnr%3D2016060%26header%3Dyes%26eventheader%3Dno%26showtabs%3Dyes%26tab%3DTournament%26footer%3Dno%26stageround%3DAll&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Treviso+Open" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Treviso_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billiardapps.com/event_info.asp?db=eurotour&amp;client=&amp;eventnr=2016060&amp;history=no&amp;header=no&amp;footer=no&amp;eventheader=yes&amp;showtabs=yes&amp;tab=Tournament">Official Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127025148/http://www.billiardapps.com/event_info.asp?db=eurotour&amp;client=&amp;eventnr=2016060&amp;history=no&amp;header=no&amp;footer=no&amp;eventheader=yes&amp;showtabs=yes&amp;tab=Tournament">Archived</a> 27 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azbilliards.com/tours_and_events/77-diamond-9-eurotour-series/7605-dynamic-billard-treviso-open/">2016 Treviso Open</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azbilliards.com">azbilliards.com</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixpockets.de/2016/11/treviso-open-2016/">Treviso Open 2016</a> at sixpockets.de</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Euro_Tour_events" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euro_Tour" title="Template:Euro Tour"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euro_Tour" title="Template talk:Euro Tour"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Euro_Tour&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Euro_Tour_events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Tour" title="Euro Tour">Euro Tour</a> events</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Italian_Open_(pool)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Italian Open (pool) (page does not exist)">Italian Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Austria_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Austria Open (page does not exist)">Austria Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_North_Cyprus_Open" title="2016 North Cyprus Open">North Cyprus Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Albanian_Open" title="2016 Albanian Open">Albanian Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Leende_Open" title="2016 Leende Open">Dutch Open</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Treviso Open</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Italian_Open_(pool)" title="2017 Italian Open (pool)">Italian Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portugal_Open" title="2017 Portugal Open">Portugal Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Austria_Open" title="2017 Austria Open">Austria Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_Open" title="2017 Dutch Open">Dutch Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Klagenfurt_Open" title="2017 Klagenfurt Open">Klagenfurt Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Treviso_Open" title="2017 Treviso Open">Treviso Open</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Italian_Open_(pool)" title="2018 Italian Open (pool)">Italian Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Austria_Open" title="2018 Austria Open">Austria Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Veldhoven_Open" title="2018 Veldhoven Open">Veldhoven Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Leende_Open" title="2018 Leende Open">Leende Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Klagenfurt_Open" title="2018 Klagenfurt Open">Klagenfurt Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Treviso_Open" title="2018 Treviso Open">Treviso Open</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2019_Euro_Tour_season" title="2019 Euro Tour season">2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Leende_Open" title="2019 Leende Open">Leende Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Treviso_Open" title="2019 Treviso Open">Treviso Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Austria_Open" title="2019 Austria Open">Austria Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Veldhoven_Open" title="2019 Veldhoven Open">Veldhoven Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Klagenfurt_Open" title="2019 Klagenfurt Open">Klagenfurt Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Antalya_Open_(pool)" title="2019 Antalya Open (pool)">Antalya Open</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/2020_Treviso_Open" title="2020 Treviso Open">Treviso Open</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Austria_Open" title="2021 Austria Open">Austria Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Laszko_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Laszko Open (page does not exist)">Laszko Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Antalya_Open_(pool)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Antalya Open (pool) (page does not exist)">Antalya Open</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Treviso_Open&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Treviso Open (page does not exist)">Treviso Open</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Euro_Tour_tournaments" title="List of Euro Tour tournaments">List of Euro Tour tournaments</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Aethiopsestis austrina</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of false owlet moth</div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Aethiopsestis austrina</i>
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<th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>
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<td>Kingdom:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></div>
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></div>
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<td>Order:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a></div>
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<td>Family:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Drepanidae" title="Drepanidae">Drepanidae</a></div>
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<td>Genus:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopsestis" title="Aethiopsestis">Aethiopsestis</a></i></div>
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<td>Species:
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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A.&#160;austrina</b></i></div>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Aethiopsestis austrina</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Watson, 1965</div>
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<p><i><b>Aethiopsestis austrina</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moth</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Drepanidae" title="Drepanidae">Drepanidae</a>. It was described by Watson in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> It is found in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subspecies">Subspecies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aethiopsestis_austrina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Subspecies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><i>Aethiopsestis austrina austrina</i> (Zimbabwe)</li>
<li><i>Aethiopsestis austrina nebulosa</i> <small>Watson, 1965</small> (South Africa)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aethiopsestis_austrina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="&#123;&#123;&#123;ref&#125;&#125;&#125;" class="citation web cs1">Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=57611">"<i>Aethiopsestis austrina</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Global_Lepidoptera_Names_Index" title="The Global Lepidoptera Names Index">The Global Lepidoptera Names Index</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Global+Lepidoptera+Names+Index&amp;rft.atitle=Aethiopsestis+austrina&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Four-science%2Fdata%2Flepindex%2Fdetail%2F%3Ftaxonno%3D57611&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAethiopsestis+austrina" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afromoths.net/species_by_code/AETHAUST">Afro Moths</a></span>
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<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/899539">899539</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/1951615">1951615</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/696682">696682</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=11343040">11343040</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Global_Lepidoptera_Names_Index" title="The Global Lepidoptera Names Index">LepIndex</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=57611">57611</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Charlie_Gellatly rootpage-Charlie_Gellatly skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Charlie Gellatly</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English footballer</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="font-size: 125%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2em;">Charlie Gellatly</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Full name</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data nickname" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
Charles Thelluson Gellatly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1910-04-18</span>)</span>18 April 1910</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Place of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
<a href="/wiki/Brodsworth" title="Brodsworth">Brodsworth</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of death</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
10 November 1973<span style="display:none">(1973-11-10)</span> (aged&#160;63)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Position(s)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;">
<a href="/wiki/Left-back" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-back">Left-back</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Senior career*</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Years</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
<b><abbr title="League appearances">Apps</abbr></b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
<b>(<abbr title="League goals">Gls</abbr>)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
Norwood Rangers</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Shirebrook_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Shirebrook F.C.">Shirebrook</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19281929</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Halifax_Town_A.F.C." title="Halifax Town A.F.C.">Halifax Town</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
0</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Shirebrook_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Shirebrook F.C.">Shirebrook</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19301931</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C." title="Leicester City F.C.">Leicester City</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
0</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">19311934</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="/wiki/Gillingham_F.C." title="Gillingham F.C.">Gillingham</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
56</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
(0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;">
Darenth Training Colliery</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;text-align: right">
</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="color:darkslategray; font-size:95%">
*Club domestic league appearances and goals</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Charles Thelluson Gellatly</b> (18 April 1910 10 November 1973) was an English professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a> who played as a <a href="/wiki/Left-back" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-back">left-back</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce2012-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Gellatly was born in <a href="/wiki/Brodsworth" title="Brodsworth">Brodsworth</a>. He played for <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Town_A.F.C." title="Halifax Town A.F.C.">Halifax Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C." title="Leicester City F.C.">Leicester City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gillingham_F.C." title="Gillingham F.C.">Gillingham</a> between 1928 and 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Gellatly&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-Joyce2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joyce2012_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoyce2012" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Michael (2012) [2002]. <i>Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939</i>. Nottingham: SoccerData. p.&#160;109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905891-61-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905891-61-0"><bdi>978-1-905891-61-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Football+League+Players%27+Records+1888+to+1939&amp;rft.place=Nottingham&amp;rft.pages=109&amp;rft.pub=SoccerData&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-905891-61-0&amp;rft.aulast=Joyce&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharlie+Gellatly" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTriggs2001" class="citation book cs1">Triggs, Roger (2001). <i>The Men Who Made Gillingham Football Club</i>. Tempus Publishing Ltd. p.&#160;18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2243-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2243-X"><bdi>0-7524-2243-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Men+Who+Made+Gillingham+Football+Club&amp;rft.pages=18&amp;rft.pub=Tempus+Publishing+Ltd&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-7524-2243-X&amp;rft.aulast=Triggs&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharlie+Gellatly" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Haïti Trans Air</h1>
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<td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: center;">Haïti Trans Air
</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ceased operations</th><td class="infobox-data">1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fleet size</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" class="mw-redirect" title="Haïti">Haïti</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247;_OB-1301,_November_1990_(5864349939).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247%3B_OB-1301%2C_November_1990_%285864349939%29.jpg/220px-Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247%3B_OB-1301%2C_November_1990_%285864349939%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247%3B_OB-1301%2C_November_1990_%285864349939%29.jpg/330px-Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247%3B_OB-1301%2C_November_1990_%285864349939%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247%3B_OB-1301%2C_November_1990_%285864349939%29.jpg/440px-Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247%3B_OB-1301%2C_November_1990_%285864349939%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5169" data-file-height="3499" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Haiti_Trans_Air_Boeing_727-247;_OB-1301,_November_1990_(5864349939).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A Peruvian registered Boing 727-247 of Haiti Trans Air</div></div></div>
<p><b>Haïti Trans Air</b> was an airline based in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, which was operational from 1986 to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Fleet"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Fleet</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha%C3%AFti_Trans_Air&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Haïti Trans Air began operations in 1987 with a single <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727-247</a> with flights mainly to <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>. A second <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> was received in 1988 configured in a combi layout. The airline expanded operations to include <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston, Jamaica</a>. In December 1990 a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737-222</a> was added for a brief period of time, then in 1992 a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">Douglas DC-8-61</a> was added to the fleet and operations expanded with multiple daily flights to Miami and San Juan. Due to the political instability in the island, the tourist traffic almost disappeared and Haïti Trans Air found itself not being able to meet its obligations. Flight schedules were scaled back and one of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727s</a> was taken out of service because the airline could not afford to keep it flying. In March 1995 the situation could not be sustained anymore and Haïti Trans Air went out of business.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fleet">Fleet</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha%C3%AFti_Trans_Air&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Fleet">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>2 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727-247</a></li>
<li>1 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737-222</a></li>
<li>1 <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">Douglas DC-8-61</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha%C3%AFti_Trans_Air&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airlineupdate.com/content_public/airlines/caribbean/haiti.htm">List of airline from Haiti, at airlineupdate.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717000204/http://www.airlineupdate.com/content_public/airlines/caribbean/haiti.htm">Archived</a> 2012-07-17 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Airlines Remembered by BI Hengi, Publisher Midland Publishing</span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha%C3%AFti_Trans_Air&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rzjets.net/operators/operator.php?opid=631/">Fleet details</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged January 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airlinehistory.co.uk/Americas/Haiti/Airlines.htm">Airline History</a></li></ul>
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1012311289"/><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Haiti.svg" class="image"><img alt="Stub icon 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <img alt="Stub icon 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Factory.svg/30px-Factory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Factory.svg/45px-Factory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Factory.svg/60px-Factory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="438" /></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This Haiti corporation or company article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ha%C3%AFti_Trans_Air&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haiti-company-stub" title="Template:Haiti-company-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haiti-company-stub" title="Template talk:Haiti-company-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Haiti-company-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Locked breech</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:P38_SR-Lock.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/P38_SR-Lock.JPG/220px-P38_SR-Lock.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/P38_SR-Lock.JPG/330px-P38_SR-Lock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/P38_SR-Lock.JPG/440px-P38_SR-Lock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="346" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:P38_SR-Lock.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Short Recoil Lock from Walther P38</div></div></div>
<p><b>Locked breech</b> is the design of a breech-reloading firearm's <a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">action</a>. This is important in understanding how a self-reloading firearm works. In the simplest terms, the locked breech is one way to slow down the opening of the breech of a self-reloading firearm when fired. The source of power for the movement is <a href="/wiki/Locked_breech#Recoil" title="Locked breech">recoil</a>.
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png/220px-Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png/330px-Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="504" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Blow-Back_firearm_operation.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Blowback action</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg/220px-Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg/330px-Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg/440px-Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1940" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_operated_breech_with_locking_rollers.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Roller_locked" title="Roller locked">Roller locking</a> action</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png/220px-Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="387" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png/330px-Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="710" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sig-Sauer_Short_Recoil_Locking_System.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sig Sauer short recoil system</div></div></div>
<p>The principle of firing a projectile from a firearm is that when the propellant in a bullet's casing is ignited, the propellant burns quickly for a very short time. This creates a high-pressure pocket of gas that expands, pushing the projectile (bullet) out of the chamber and down the barrel of the firearm. If the high-pressure gas were not confined within certain parts of the weapon, it could damage the firearm or injure the shooter. A 'locked breech' barrel confines the high-pressure gas to the barrel, allowing the gas to expand and cool without risk of damaging weapon or shooter. Because of the pressure drop, a breech block can be opened in a self-reloading firearm due to the <a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">recoil</a> inertia generation by the movement of the projectile.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Versus_other_types"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Versus other types</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Recoil"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Recoil</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Mechanism"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mechanism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Examples_of_use"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Examples of use</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Short_versus_long_recoil"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Short versus long recoil</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Versus_other_types">Versus other types</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locked_breech&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Versus other types">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)#Blowback_operation" title="Action (firearms)">Blowback</a></dt>
<dd>This action relies on the <a href="/wiki/Inertia" title="Inertia">inertia</a> of a breechblock to retard breech opening until pressures have dropped to safe levels. This is not a locked breech and works by the cartridge case push against the breech and moving while there is pressure in the chamber. The inertia of the slide/breechblock will allow the case to move immediately but not so fast that dangerous pressures escape.<sup id="cite_ref-Romance_University_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romance_University-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></dd>
<dt>Delayed blowback</dt>
<dd>This action is found where recoil is light enough that a fully locked breech is not necessary. Like simple blowback, it is case movement that opens the breech. This is a more robust version of simple blowback. Sometime a spring loaded lever is used to increase the resistance inertia of the slide/breech to keep the case in the chamber long enough to be safe.<sup id="cite_ref-Romance_University_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romance_University-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></dd>
<dt>Locked breech</dt>
<dd>This action is used when the pressure in the chamber is high enough that the opening of the breech would occur too rapidly with simple or delayed blowback which could cause weapons damage or human injury. The breechblock is "locked" into the barrel. At the point of firing the inertia pushes the barrel and slide/breechblock backwards together for a certain distance. This type of action utilizes the inertia of the locked together slide/breech and barrel so that its inertia prevents movement too quickly. The locking mechanism will disengage after a certain amount of travel at which time the pressures will have dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-Romance_University_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romance_University-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></dd></dl>
<p>The main difference is that there is a very strong lock in the locked breech action where the blowback systems rely on the inertia of components to provide safe operation. The type of action used by a firearms designer will be determined by the design goal inherent for that firearm. The three actions described are increasingly more expensive to manufacture.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recoil">Recoil</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locked_breech&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Recoil">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">Recoil</a></div>
<p>Recoil is described by <a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_third_law_of_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton&#39;s third law of motion">Newton's third law of motion</a>, which states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> This force is felt in the hand or on the shoulder when a person fires a handgun or a rifle. It takes the form of a quick sharp push away from the path the bullet is flying in and directly against the hand or shoulder of the shooter.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mechanism">Mechanism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locked_breech&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG/220px-Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG/330px-Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG/440px-Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="446" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Short-Recoil_Lock.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>I:<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Petter-Browning; II:<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>CZ 75; III:<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>HK USP; IV:<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Glock (Sig Sauer System)</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg/220px-Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg/330px-Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg/440px-Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Beretta950JetfireandClip-Open.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Beretta 950 tilting barrel</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG/220px-Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG/330px-Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG/440px-Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="758" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Beretta_PX4_Storm_rotating_barrel_lock.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Beretta PX 4 Rotary locking barrel</div></div></div>
<p>The locked breech systems in handguns and rifle vary significantly. The photograph showing four handgun barrels illustrates the evolution of handgun locked breech systems in four of the most famous firearms. This is from the <a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning Hi-Power</a> (I in the photograph), John Browning's last design. The second barrel is of the same action type in the <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_zbrojovka_Uhersk%C3%BD_Brod" title="Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod">CZ</a> model <a href="/wiki/CZ_75" title="CZ 75">75</a> handgun. The third barrel type is from an <a href="/wiki/HK_USP" class="mw-redirect" title="HK USP">HK USP</a> pistol. The fourth barrel is from a Glock (which uses the <a href="/wiki/Sig_Sauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sig Sauer">Sig Sauer</a> system).
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Begin-unlock.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Begin-unlock.jpg/220px-Begin-unlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Begin-unlock.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="308" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Begin-unlock.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>CZ model 52 roller locking system</div></div></div>
<p>The photograph on the right is of a different type of locking system. This one is the Beretta Rotary locking system found in their PX Four Storm handgun. The next photograph on the left is of the CZ model 52 showing a roller locking system. Some sources describe this as a delayed blowback action but it is actually a locked breech.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples_of_use">Examples of use</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locked_breech&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Examples of use">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In the late 19th century, firearms makers learned how to use this mechanical force to create "self-loading" weapons, whether they were in artillery, rifles, shotguns, or handguns. The lower-powered calibers such as .22 caliber <a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">rimfire</a>, (example gun) <a href="/wiki/Walther_P22" title="Walther P22">Walther P22 .22 Rimfire handgun</a> were able to self-load using the energy produced by the .22 rimfire cartridges which simply blew the action open to reload a new cartridge. (This is called <b>simple blowback</b>.)
</p><p>As cartridges grew in size and power the amount of recoil in the chamber increased. The energy created by larger and higher pressure cartridges, such as <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a> pistol cartridge, results in violent movement of the gun's action.
</p><p>In the case of simple blowback (and delayed blowback) the changes needed for a firearm to be able to control the higher amount of inertia and higher chamber pressures resulted in firearms design changes. Some designers handled this problem by making the moving parts of the firearm heavier and the strength of the recoil spring much greater. Firearms such as the <a href="/wiki/.25_ACP" title=".25 ACP">.25 ACP</a> Beretta SB950, take a great deal of force to chamber a round. Beretta solved this problem with a tilting barrel which allowed loading without having to pull the slide to the rear.
</p><p>Gun makers developed ways to keep the actions from opening too soon by "locking" the breech closed. Using this technique a firearm, such as the Colt .45 ACP Government model handgun was made which featured a grooved barrel and a grooved slide which were cammed together to prevent the breech from opening. The camming mechanism "locked" the breech closed until the entire barrel and slide assembly had moved far enough that the pressure in the chamber was low enough to safely unlock the breech during the process of ejecting the spent casing which was followed by loading a new loaded cartridge.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> (This is called locked breech.)
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Short_versus_long_recoil">Short versus long recoil</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locked_breech&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Short versus long recoil">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Firearms that are physically small, such as handguns, use a system of recoil referred to as <a href="/wiki/Short_recoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Short recoil">short recoil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Romance_University_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romance_University-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> This is adequate for the smaller calibers. In large firearms such as the Browning M2HB .50 caliber machine gun a similar system called <a href="/wiki/Long_recoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Long recoil">long recoil</a> is used. The difference is how far the breech moves after a shot is fired.<sup id="cite_ref-Romance_University_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romance_University-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Locked recoil systems rely on timing to allow safe operation. A very heavy bolt mechanism can be used (such as in sub-machineguns) to slow the rate of movement and reduce the rate of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> This is not adequate with higher velocity and higher energy cartridges. Rifles and most handguns use locked breech designs to control recoil safely.
</p><p>The amount of mass of the components, the strength of springs,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> and the distance the barrel and slide are allowed to recoil is carefully calculated and tested to ensure safety.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locked_breech&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Romance_University-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Romance_University_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romance_University_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romance_University_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romance_University_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romance_University_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBecke_Martin_Davis2014" class="citation web cs1">Becke Martin Davis (May 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romanceuniversity.org/2014/05/23/how-automatic-pistols-really-work-by-adam-firestone/">"How "Automatic" Pistols Really Work by Adam Firestone"</a>. <i>Romance University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Romance+University&amp;rft.atitle=How+%22Automatic%22+Pistols+Really+Work+by+Adam+Firestone&amp;rft.date=2014-05-23&amp;rft.au=Becke+Martin+Davis&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fromanceuniversity.org%2F2014%2F05%2F23%2Fhow-automatic-pistols-really-work-by-adam-firestone%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocked+breech" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkba.org/guns/principles/operating-systems/short-recoil.html">"Principles of Firearms -- Operating Systems -- Short Recoil"</a>. <i>rkba.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=rkba.org&amp;rft.atitle=Principles+of+Firearms+--+Operating+Systems+--+Short+Recoil&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frkba.org%2Fguns%2Fprinciples%2Foperating-systems%2Fshort-recoil.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocked+breech" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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