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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Costa Rican seasonal moist forests</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Costa Rican seasonal moist forests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Poas_Volcano_007.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Poas Volcano 007.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Poas_Volcano_007.jpg/300px-Poas_Volcano_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Poas_Volcano_007.jpg/450px-Poas_Volcano_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Poas_Volcano_007.jpg/600px-Poas_Volcano_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3828" data-file-height="3332" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Poas Volcano area, Costa Rica</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecoregion_NT0119.png" class="image"><img alt="Ecoregion territory (in purple)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ecoregion_NT0119.png/300px-Ecoregion_NT0119.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Ecoregion_NT0119.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Ecoregion territory (in purple)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neotropic_realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropic realm">Neotropic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">10,791 km<sup>2</sup> (4,166 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&params=9.75_N_84.25_W_type:landmark_dim:102km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">84°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.75°N 84.25°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.75; -84.25</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1073938472"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&params=9.75_N_84.25_W_type:landmark_dim:102km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">84°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.75°N 84.25°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.75; -84.25</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<p>The <b>Costa Rican seasonal moist forests</b> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> (WWF ID: NT0119) covers the Pacific Slope of the volcanic mountain range of northwestern <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> and the extreme south of <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>. The area has a distinct dry season during which the characteristic deciduous trees drop their leaves. The forests themselves have been highly degraded in the past by human conversion to agriculture and settlement. The Costa Rican capital city of <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_(Costa_Rica)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose (Costa Rica)">San Jose</a> is in the middle of this ecoregion.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecomap_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecomap-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dopa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eoe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eoe-4">[4]</a></sup>
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</p>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<ul>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Location_and_description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Location and description</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Flora_and_fauna"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Flora and fauna</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Protected_areas"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Protected areas</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Location_and_description">Location and description</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location and description">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<p>The northern mountain range in Costa Rica, the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Guanacaste" title="Cordillera de Guanacaste">Cordillera de Guanacaste</a>, stretches for 110 km from the border with Nicaragua southeast to Costa Rica's <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Central_(Costa_Rica)" title="Cordillera Central (Costa Rica)">Cordillera Central (Costa Rica)</a>. As the range occurs where the <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Plate" title="Cocos Plate">Cocos Plate</a> is subducting beneath the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a> there are many <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcancos</a> in the Cordillera de Guancaste. The mean elevation in the ecoregion is 580 metres (1,900 ft); the highest point is 580 metres (1,900 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-3">[3]</a></sup> The ecoregion to the east at higher elevations is the <a href="/wiki/Talamancan_montane_forests" title="Talamancan montane forests">Talamancan montane forests</a> ecoregion. At lower elevations to the west the bordering ecoregion is the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_dry_forests" title="Central American dry forests">Central American dry forests</a> region.
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</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<p>The climate of the ecoregion is <i><a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">Tropical monsoon climate</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">(Am)</a>). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year (all months being greater than 18 °C (64 °F) average temperature), and a pronounced dry season. The driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation, but more than (100-(average/25) mm. This climate is mid-way between a tropical rainforest and a tropical savannah.<sup id="cite_ref-kop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kop-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kop-data_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kop-data-6">[6]</a></sup> Precipitation averages 1,500 mm/year, falling mostly in the 'wet season' of April to October.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-1">[1]</a></sup>
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</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<p>About one-third of the ecoregion is closed broadleaf evergreen forest, one third is open forest of various types, and one-third of the territory has been converted to agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-3">[3]</a></sup> Because the ecoregion is in the rain shadow of the mountains, there is a distinct dry season (December through March). The plants of the region have accordingly developed adaptations for coping with the dry season, such the deciduous trees dropping their leaves in winter.
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</p><p>Animal life in the ecoregion is linked to the wetter regions to the east and higher elevations. Taking advantage of the seasonal dryness, many invertebrates and birds migrate into the drier forests for breeding and for taking advantage of the differing food availability cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-1">[1]</a></sup>
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</p><p>IN the past 100 years, humans have cleared most of the area for agriculture, only perhaps 10% of the forest remains in its original state. Lower elevations have been cleared for cattle raising, higher elevations for coffee, corn, beans, and dairy cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-1">[1]</a></sup>
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</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protected areas">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<p>11% of the ecoregion is officially protected.<sup id="cite_ref-dopa_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dopa-3">[3]</a></sup> These protected areas include:
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</p>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carara_National_Park" title="Carara National Park">Carara National Park</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n_de_la_Vieja_National_Park" title="Rincón de la Vieja National Park">Rincón de la Vieja National Park</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A1s_Volcano_National_Park" title="Poás Volcano National Park">Poás Volcano National Park</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Iraz%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcán Irazú">Volcán Irazú</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Masaya_Volcano" title="Masaya Volcano">Masaya Volcano</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Santos_Forest_Reserve" title="Los Santos Forest Reserve">Los Santos Forest Reserve</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Volcanic_Mountain_Range_Forest_Reserve" title="Central Volcanic Mountain Range Forest Reserve">Central Volcanic Mountain Range Forest Reserve</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Guanacaste_National_Park_(Costa_Rica)" title="Guanacaste National Park (Costa Rica)">Guanacaste National Park (Costa Rica)</a></li></ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-wwf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0119">"Costa Rican seasonal moist forests"</a>. World Wildlife Federation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Costa+Rican+seasonal+moist+forests&rft.pub=World+Wildlife+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fnt0119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+Rican+seasonal+moist+forests" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-dopa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dopa_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/60119">"Costa Rican seasonal moist forests"</a>. Digital Observatory for Protected Areas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Costa+Rican+seasonal+moist+forests&rft.pub=Digital+Observatory+for+Protected+Areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu%2Fecoregion%2F60119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+Rican+seasonal+moist+forests" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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