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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Pacem in terris</i></h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1963 papal encyclical</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: gold;"><i>Pacem in terris</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Peace on Earth&#39;</small><br /><small>
<a href="/wiki/Encyclical_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclical letter">Encyclical</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope <span class="nowrap">John XXIII</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:John_23_coa.svg" class="image"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pope John XXIII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/John_23_coa.svg/75px-John_23_coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/John_23_coa.svg/113px-John_23_coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/John_23_coa.svg/150px-John_23_coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="993" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature date</th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1963<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">That peace between all peoples must be based on truth, justice, love and freedom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number</th><td class="infobox-data">8 of 8 of the pontificate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem_lt.html">In Latin</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem_en.html">In English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px"><div style="float: left;">&#160;<i><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiam_agere" title="Paenitentiam agere">Paenitentiam agere</a></i></div>&#8194;<div style="float: right;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiam_suam" title="Ecclesiam suam">Ecclesiam suam</a></i>&#160;</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Pacem in terris</b></i> (<abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#8201;</span>'<i>Peace on Earth</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>) was a papal <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> on 11 April 1963 on the rights and obligations of individuals and of the state, as well as the proper relations between states. It emphasized <a href="/wiki/Human_dignity" class="mw-redirect" title="Human dignity">human dignity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="Human equality">equality among all people</a>, and made mention of issues such as the <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of women">rights of women</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_non-proliferation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear non-proliferation">nuclear non-proliferation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, all of which it endorsed. It was the last encyclical drafted by John XXIII, who had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> in September 1962 and died two months after the encyclical's completion. Biographer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hebblethwaite" title="Peter Hebblethwaite">Peter Hebblethwaite</a> called it Pope John's "last will and testament".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Published on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a>, the Pope called it his "Easter gift".
</p><p>Due to its importance and popularity, <i>Pacem in Terris</i> is deposited at the UN archives.
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Title"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Title</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
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<p>The full title of the encyclical is <i>On Establishing Universal Peace in Truth, Justice, Charity and Liberty</i>. The short title <i>Pacem in terris</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">opening words</a> of the encyclical, as is customary with papal documents:
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<li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_La_Tour_du_Pin,_Chambly_de_La_Charce" class="mw-redirect" title="François-René de La Tour du Pin, Chambly de La Charce">René de La Tour du Pin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pesch" title="Heinrich Pesch">Heinrich Pesch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bernardin" title="Joseph Bernardin">Joseph Bernardin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Hilaire Belloc</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li></ul>
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<dl><dd><i>Pacem in terris, quam homines universi cupidissime quovis tempore appetiverunt, condi confirmarique non posse constat, nisi ordine, quem Deus constituit, sancte servato.</i></dd>
<dd>("Peace on earth, for which all men of every era have most eagerly yearned, cannot be firmly established unless the order which God laid down is dutifully observed.")</dd></dl>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Germany_(BRD)_1969,_MiNr_609.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1969%2C_MiNr_609.jpg/220px-Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1969%2C_MiNr_609.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1969%2C_MiNr_609.jpg/330px-Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1969%2C_MiNr_609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1969%2C_MiNr_609.jpg/440px-Stamps_of_Germany_%28BRD%29_1969%2C_MiNr_609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="840" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Germany_(BRD)_1969,_MiNr_609.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>German Stamp 1969</div></div></div>
<p><i>Pacem in terris</i> was the first encyclical that a pope addressed to "all men of good will", rather than only to <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholics</a>, quoting the praise to God as said by the heavenly army above the manger of Bethlehem (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>: <i>in terra pax in hominibus bonae voluntatis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> <span class="nourlexpansion nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+2%3A14&amp;version=VULGATE">2:14</a></span>; English translation: <span class="nourlexpansion nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+2%3A13%E2%80%9314&amp;version=DRA%3BWYC%3BTLV">2:1314</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Learned Hand Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon" title="Mary Ann Glendon">Mary Ann Glendon</a>, interprets this to mean, "He was insisting that the responsibility for setting conditions for peace does not just belong to the great and powerful of the world—it belongs to each and every one of us."<sup id="cite_ref-Ziegler_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> In theological terms, it marked a major shift in papal teaching from reliance on classical scholastic categories of natural law to a more inductive approach based on the signs of the times.<sup id="cite_ref-Filteau_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filteau-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In this work, John XXIII reacted to the political situation in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Coming just months after the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, during which the Vatican served as an intermediary between the White House and the Kremlin,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> the document also reflected the Pope's experience of 1960 in trying to resolve difficulties arising out the four-power occupation of Berlin. The "peace encyclical" was issued only two years after the erection of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>. It also draws on Pope John's reading of <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Saint Augustine</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_God" title="The City of God">The City of God</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>' view of Eternal Law.<sup id="cite_ref-Hittinger_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hittinger-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> In this it echoes the Gospel's core values and principles of patristic and medieval thought, while reflecting the historical period in which it was written.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanchez_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Sociologist Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pavan" title="Pietro Pavan">Pietro Pavan</a> and a small group of theologians helped draft it.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> In Pavan's view <i>Pacem in terris</i> would present the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Leo XIII</a> on the eternal law, "in light of the changing tides of history, and allow them to resonate with a much wider audience".<sup id="cite_ref-Hittinger_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hittinger-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The Pope explains in this encyclical that conflicts "should not be resolved by recourse to arms, but rather by negotiation". He further emphasizes the importance of respect of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> as an essential consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> understanding of men. He clearly establishes "that every man has the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">right to life</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Bodily_integrity" title="Bodily integrity">bodily integrity</a>, and to the means which are suitable for the proper development of life."
</p><p><i>Pacem in terris</i> is an extended reflection on the moral order. The document is divided into four sections.
</p>
<ul><li>The first section of the encyclical establishes the relationship between individuals and humankind, encompassing the issues of human rights and moral duties.</li>
<li>The second section addresses the relationship between man and state, dwelling on the collective authority of the latter.</li>
<li>The third section establishes the need for equality amongst nations and the need for the state to be subject to rights and duties that the individual must abide by.</li>
<li>The final section presents the need for greater relations between nations, thus resulting in collective states assisting other states. The encyclical ends with the urging of Catholics to assist non-Christians and non-Catholics in political and social aspects.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>“Pacem in Terris was more than an encyclical—it was an event," recalls Glendon.<sup id="cite_ref-Ziegler_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
<i>Pacem in Terris</i> was the first papal encyclical published in its entirety in the <i>New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> The <i>Washington Post</i> said, "<i>Pacem in terris</i> is not just the voice of an old priest, nor just that of an ancient Church; it is the voice of the conscience of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-Ziegler_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> According to the periodical <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_World_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic World Report">Catholic World Report</a></i>, "Two years later, it was the subject of a conference at the United Nations attended by over 2,000 statespersons and scholars."<sup id="cite_ref-Ziegler_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p><a href="/wiki/Russell_Hittinger" title="Russell Hittinger">F. Russell Hittinger</a> describes the encyclical "as a kind of magna carta of the Catholic Church's position on human rights and natural law".<sup id="cite_ref-Hittinger_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hittinger-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> Pope John XXIII's 1963 encyclical <i>Pacem in terris</i> ("Peace on Earth") radically affected Catholic social teaching not only on war and peace, but on church-state relations, women's rights, religious freedom, international relations and other major issues. Fr. <a href="/wiki/J._Bryan_Hehir" title="J. Bryan Hehir">J. Bryan Hehir</a> called <i>Pacem in terris</i> "a pivotal text in [papal] encyclical history" that played a major role in the development of the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Religious Freedom and its Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, and on Pope John Paul II's encyclical <i><a href="/wiki/Centesimus_annus" title="Centesimus annus">Centesimus annus</a></i> ("The Hundredth Year"), which marked the centennial of Pope Leo XIII's 1891 encyclical on labor, <i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_Novarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rerum Novarum">Rerum Novarum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Filteau_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filteau-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> It also influenced the 1965 <i>Declaration on Religious Freedom</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dignitatis_humanae" title="Dignitatis humanae">Dignitatis humanae</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Filteau_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filteau-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In commemoration of this encyclical, the annual <i><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris_Award" title="Pacem in Terris Award">Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom award</a></i> was instituted in 1964, first by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Davenport" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport">Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport</a> and later by the <a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> Pacem in Terris Coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dear_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dear-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>During an event held on 6 May 2019, in Bulgaria, where John XXIII had gained a reputation for protecting Jews when serving as the country's Vatican representative,<sup id="cite_ref-bulgariaprotect_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulgariaprotect-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> Pope Francis invoked the encyclical as a "code of conduct" for peace between Catholics and other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-bulgariaprotect_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulgariaprotect-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_encyclicals_of_Pope_John_XXIII" title="List of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII">List of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris_Award" title="Pacem in Terris Award"><i>Pacem in Terris</i> Award</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tranquillitas_ordinis" title="Tranquillitas ordinis">Tranquillitas ordinis</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPope_John_XXIII1963" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (11 April 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem.html">"Pacem in Terris"</a>. <i>Vatican</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vatican&amp;rft.atitle=Pacem+in+Terris&amp;rft.date=1963-04-11&amp;rft.au=Pope+John+XXIII&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-xxiii%2Fen%2Fencyclicals%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHebblethwaite2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hebblethwaite" title="Peter Hebblethwaite">Hebblethwaite, Peter</a> (2010) [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SnZAAAAMAAJ">1st ed: <i>John XXIII: Pope of the Council</i> (1984)</a>]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j0UdCgAAQBAJ"><i>John XXIII: Pope of the Century</i></a> (abridged, revised, and retitled&#160;ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.comt/books?&amp;id=j0UdCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=+%22last+will+and+testament%22">4, 214, 232, 240, 241251</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-441-18413-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-441-18413-9"><bdi>978-1-441-18413-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=John+XXIII%3A+Pope+of+the+Century&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=4%2C+214%2C+232%2C+240%2C+241-251&amp;rft.edition=abridged%2C+revised%2C+and+retitled&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-441-18413-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hebblethwaite&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj0UdCgAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">&#124;orig-year=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other translations did not follow the Latin version or, as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Episcopal_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Episcopal Conference">CEI</a>, have stopped following it with the 1973 revised edition of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a>: compare the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:w2.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/it/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem.html+A+TUTTI+GLI+UOMINI+%22DI+BUONA+VOLONTÀ%22">Italian text of the encyclical's address</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luca+2%3A14&amp;version=CEI">different translation subsequently introduced by the Italian bishops</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Ziegler-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2013/06/14/at-50/">"United Nations Conference"</a>. <i>www.catholicworldreport.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.catholicworldreport.com&amp;rft.atitle=United+Nations+Conference&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicworldreport.com%2F2013%2F06%2F14%2Fat-50%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Filteau-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Filteau_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filteau_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filteau_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/theology/experts-pacem-terris-had-radical-impact-church-teaching">"Experts: 'Pacem in Terris' had radical impact on church teaching"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 18 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&amp;rft.atitle=Experts%3A+%27Pacem+in+Terris%27+had+radical+impact+on+church+teaching&amp;rft.date=2013-04-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Ftheology%2Fexperts-pacem-terris-had-radical-impact-church-teaching&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mncatholic.org/of-popes-presidents-and-peace/">"Catholic Spirit: Of Popes, Presidents and Peace"</a>. <i>Minnesota Catholic Conference</i>. 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Minnesota+Catholic+Conference&amp;rft.atitle=Catholic+Spirit%3A+Of+Popes%2C+Presidents+and+Peace&amp;rft.date=2012-04-26&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mncatholic.org%2Fof-popes-presidents-and-peace%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hittinger-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hittinger_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hittinger_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hittinger_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pass.va/content/dam/scienzesociali/pdf/acta18/acta18-hittinger.pdf">Hittinger, Russell. "Quinquagesimo Ante: Reflections on Pacem in Terris Fifty Years Later", <i>The Global Quest for Tranquillitas Ordinis. Pacem in Terris, Fifty Years Later Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Acta 18, 2013</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sanchez-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanchez_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pass.va/content/dam/scienzesociali/pdf/acta18/acta18-sanchez.pdf">Sanchez Sorondo, Marcelo. "The Magnitude of 'Walking in the Truth' (3 Jn 1)", <i>The Global Quest for Tranquillitas Ordinis. Pacem in Terris, Fifty Years Later Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Acta 18, 2013</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy, Francis X., "Cardinal Pietro Pavan: inveterate optimist", <i>America</i>, February 1996</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgetown.box.com/s/rbsop9q6ijj4oynpzzqy">Mannion, Gerard. "Pacem in Terris@50: Gifts Old and New for Church and Society in Recent Times", Pacem in Terris Conference 2013, Georgetown University</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512050739/http://www.davenportdiocese.org/socialaction/sapaceminterris.htm">"Pacem in Terris"</a>. Diocese of Davenport. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davenportdiocese.org/socialaction/sapaceminterris.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pacem+in+Terris&amp;rft.pub=Diocese+of+Davenport&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davenportdiocese.org%2Fsocialaction%2Fsapaceminterris.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-dear-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dear_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFArland-Fye2010" class="citation news cs1">Arland-Fye, Barb (19 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicmessenger.org/articles/2010/05/19/news/doc4bf40e0730eea126578341.txt">"Peace activist Fr. John Dear to get Pacem in Terris Award"</a>. <i>The Catholic Messenger</i>. Davenport, IA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Catholic+Messenger&amp;rft.atitle=Peace+activist+Fr.+John+Dear+to+get+Pacem+in+Terris+Award&amp;rft.date=2010-05-19&amp;rft.aulast=Arland-Fye&amp;rft.aufirst=Barb&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicmessenger.org%2Farticles%2F2010%2F05%2F19%2Fnews%2Fdoc4bf40e0730eea126578341.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bulgariaprotect-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bulgariaprotect_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bulgariaprotect_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBrockhaus" class="citation web cs1">Brockhaus, Hannah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-francis-says-first-communion-mass-in-bulgaria-17944">"Pope Francis says First Communion Mass in Bulgaria"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+says+First+Communion+Mass+in+Bulgaria&amp;rft.aulast=Brockhaus&amp;rft.aufirst=Hannah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2Fpope-francis-says-first-communion-mass-in-bulgaria-17944&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-05/pope-francis-bulgaria-sofia-peace-meeting.html">"Pope in Bulgaria prays for peace according to the example of St Francis - Vatican News"</a>. <i>www.vaticannews.va</i>. 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.vaticannews.va&amp;rft.atitle=Pope+in+Bulgaria+prays+for+peace+according+to+the+example+of+St+Francis+-+Vatican+News&amp;rft.date=2019-05-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2019-05%2Fpope-francis-bulgaria-sofia-peace-meeting.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacem+in+terris" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>Hollenbach, David. "Pacem in Terris and human rights." <i>Journal of Catholic Social Thought</i> 10.1 (2013): 5-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.5840/jcathsoc20131012">https://doi.org/10.5840/jcathsoc20131012</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacem_in_terris&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem_en.html">English text</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem_lt.html">Original Latin text</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,830133-1,00.html">"What we are for"</a>, TIME, 1963.</li>
<li><a href="https://wikilivres.org/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris" class="extiw" title="wikilivres:Pacem in Terris">Pacem in Terris</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S5otAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=i54FAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4802,2445587">"An Appeal to the Heart of Humanity", <i>Montreal Gazette</i>, April 13, 1963</a></li></ul>
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mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris" title="Pacem in Terris Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris_(encycliek)" title="Pacem in Terris (encycliek) Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="パーチェム・イン・テリス Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris" title="Pacem in Terris Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_Terris" title="Pacem in Terris Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%96" 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